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-# STC [cptr](../stc/cptr.h): Smart Pointers
-
-**cptr** (managed raw pointer) and **csptr** (shared pointer) enables memory managed pointers in containers.
-
-The pointed-to elements are automatically destructed and deleted when the container is destructed. **csptr** elements are only deleted if there are no other shared references to the element. **csptr** uses thread-safe atomic use-count, through the *csptr_X_clone()* and *csptr_X_del()* methods.
-
- See the c++ classes [std::shared_ptr](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/shared_ptr) for a functional reference.
-
-## Header file and declaration
-
-```c
-#include <stc/cptr.h>
-
-using_cptr(X, Value);
-using_cptr(X, Value, valueCompare);
-using_cptr(X, Value, valueCompare, valueDel);
-
-using_csptr(X, Value);
-using_csptr(X, Value, valueCompare);
-using_csptr(X, Value, valueCompare, valueDel);
-```
-The macro `using_cptr()` must be instantiated in the global scope. `X` is a type tag name and will
-affect the names of all cptr types and methods. E.g. declaring `using_cptr(v4, Vec4);`,
-`X` should be replaced by `v4` in all of the following documentation.
-
-## Methods
-
-The *del()* and *compare()* methods are defined based on the arguments passed to the **using**-macro. For **csptr**, use *csptr_X_clone(p)* when sharing ownership of the pointed-to object. See examples below.
-
-### Managed raw pointer
-```c
-cptr_X cptr_X_init(void);
-cptr_X cptr_X_clone(cptr_X ptr);
-void cptr_X_reset(cptr_X* self, cptr_X_value_t* ptr);
-void cptr_X_del(cptr_X* self); // destructor
-int cptr_X_compare(cptr_X* x, cptr_X* y);
-```
-### Shared pointer
-```c
-csptr_X csptr_X_from(csptr_X_value_t* ptr);
-csptr_X csptr_X_make(csptr_X_value_t val);
-void csptr_X_reset(csptr_X* self, csptr_X_value_t* ptr);
-csptr_X csptr_X_clone(csptr_X sptr); // share the pointer (increase use count)
-void csptr_X_del(csptr_X* self); // destructor: decrease use count, destroy if 0
-int csptr_X_compare(csptr_X* x, csptr_X* y);
-```
-
-## Types
-
-| Type name | Type definition | Used to represent... |
-|:-------------------|:----------------------|:------------------------|
-| `cptr_X` | `cptr_X_value_t *` | The cptr type |
-| `cptr_X_value_t` | `Value` | The cptr element type |
-
-
-| Type name | Type definition | Used to represent... |
-|:--------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------|
-| `csptr_X` | `struct { csptr_X_value_t* get; atomic_count_t* use_count; }` | The csptr type |
-| `csptr_X_value_t` | `Value` | The csptr element type |
-| `atomic_count_t` | `long` | The reference counter |
-
-## Example
-
-Managed raw pointers (cptr) in a cvec.
-```c
-#include <stc/cptr.h>
-#include <stc/cvec.h>
-#include <stc/cstr.h>
-
-typedef struct { cstr name, last; } Person;
-
-Person* Person_make(Person* p, const char* name, const char* last) {
- p->name = cstr_from(name), p->last = cstr_from(last);
- return p;
-}
-void Person_del(Person* p) {
- printf("Destroy: %s %s\n", p->name.str, p->last.str);
- c_del(cstr, &p->name, &p->last);
-}
-// declare managed pointer and cvec with pointers
-using_cptr(pe, Person, c_no_compare, Person_del);
-using_cvec(pe, Person*, c_no_compare, cptr_pe_del, c_no_clone);
-
-int main() {
- cvec_pe vec = cvec_pe_init();
- cvec_pe_push_back(&vec, Person_make(c_new(Person), "John", "Smiths"));
- cvec_pe_push_back(&vec, Person_make(c_new(Person), "Jane", "Doe"));
-
- c_foreach (i, cvec_pe, vec)
- printf("%s %s\n", (*i.ref)->name.str, (*i.ref)->last.str);
- cvec_pe_del(&vec);
-}
-```
-Output:
-```
-John Smiths
-Jane Doe
-Destroy: John Smiths
-Destroy: Jane Doe
-```
-### Example 2
-
-Simple shared pointer (csptr) usage.
-```c
-#include <stc/cptr.h>
-#include <stc/cstr.h>
-
-typedef struct { cstr name, last; } Person;
-
-Person* Person_make(Person* p, const char* name, const char* last) {
- p->name = cstr_from(name), p->last = cstr_from(last);
- return p;
-}
-void Person_del(Person* p) {
- printf("Destroy: %s %s\n", p->name.str, p->last.str);
- c_del(cstr, &p->name, &p->last);
-}
-
-using_csptr(pe, Person, c_no_compare, Person_del);
-
-int main() {
- csptr_pe p = csptr_pe_from(Person_make(c_new(Person), "John", "Smiths"));
- csptr_pe q = csptr_pe_clone(p); // means: share the pointer
-
- printf("Person: %s %s. uses: %zu\n", p.get->name.str, p.get->last.str, *p.use_count);
- csptr_pe_del(&p);
-
- printf("Last man standing: %s %s. uses: %zu\n", q.get->name.str, q.get->last.str, *q.use_count);
- csptr_pe_del(&q);
-}
-```
-Output:
-```
-Person: John Smiths. uses: 2
-Last man standing: John Smiths. uses: 1
-Destroy: John Smiths
-```
-
-### Example 3
-
-Advanced: Three different ways to store Person in vectors: 1) `cvec<Person>`, 2) `cvec<Person *>`, and 3) `cvec<csptr<Person>>`.
-```c
-#include <stc/cptr.h>
-#include <stc/cstr.h>
-#include <stc/cvec.h>
-
-typedef struct { cstr name, last; } Person;
-
-Person* Person_make(Person* p, const char* name, const char* last) {
- p->name = cstr_from(name), p->last = cstr_from(last);
- return p;
-}
-int Person_compare(const Person* p, const Person* q) {
- int cmp = strcmp(p->name.str, q->name.str);
- return cmp == 0 ? strcmp(p->last.str, q->last.str) : cmp;
-}
-void Person_del(Person* p) {
- printf("del: %s\n", p->name.str);
- c_del(cstr, &p->name, &p->last);
-}
-
-// 1. cvec of Person struct; emplace and cloning disabled.
-using_cvec(pe, Person, Person_compare, Person_del, c_no_clone);
-
-// 2. cvec of raw/owned pointers to Person; emplace and cloning disabled.
-using_cptr(pe, Person, Person_compare, Person_del);
-using_cvec(pp, Person*, cptr_pe_compare, cptr_pe_del, c_no_clone);
-
-// 3. cvec of shared-ptr to Person - with emplace_back() and cloning cvec ENABLED.
-using_csptr(pe, Person, Person_compare, Person_del);
-using_cvec(ps, csptr_pe, csptr_pe_compare, csptr_pe_del, csptr_pe_clone);
-
-const char* names[] = {
- "Joe", "Jordan",
- "Annie", "Aniston",
- "Jane", "Jacobs"
-};
-
-int main() {
- cvec_pe vec1 = cvec_pe_init();
- cvec_pp vec2 = cvec_pp_init();
- cvec_ps vec3 = cvec_ps_init();
-
- for (int i = 0; i < 6; i += 2) {
- Person tmp;
- cvec_pe_push_back(&vec1, *Person_make(&tmp, names[i], names[i+1]));
- cvec_pp_push_back(&vec2, Person_make(c_new(Person), names[i], names[i+1]));
- cvec_ps_push_back(&vec3, csptr_pe_from(Person_make(c_new(Person), names[i], names[i+1])));
- }
- puts("1. Sorted vec1 of Person:");
- cvec_pe_sort(&vec1);
- c_foreach (i, cvec_pe, vec1)
- printf(" %s %s\n", i.ref->name.str, i.ref->last.str);
-
- puts("\n2. Sorted vec2 of pointer to Person:");
- cvec_pp_sort(&vec2);
- c_foreach (i, cvec_pp, vec2)
- printf(" %s %s\n", (*i.ref)->name.str, (*i.ref)->last.str);
-
- // Append a shared copy of vec3.data[0]. Will only be destructed once!
- cvec_ps_emplace_back(&vec3, vec3.data[0]);
- //cvec_ps_push_back(&vec3, csptr_pe_clone(vec3.data[0])); // alternativ
- puts("\n3. Sorted vec3 of shared-pointer to Person:");
- cvec_ps_sort(&vec3);
- c_foreach (i, cvec_ps, vec3)
- printf(" %s %s\n", i.ref->get->name.str, i.ref->get->last.str);
-
- // Share vec3.data[1] with elem1 variable.
- csptr_pe elem1 = csptr_pe_clone(vec3.data[1]);
-
- puts("\nDestroy vec1:");
- cvec_pe_del(&vec1);
- puts("\nDestroy vec2:");
- cvec_pp_del(&vec2);
- puts("\nDestroy vec3:");
- cvec_ps_del(&vec3);
-
- puts("\nDestroy elem1:");
- csptr_pe_del(&elem1);
-}
-```
-Output:
-```
-1. Sorted vec1 of Person:
- Annie Aniston
- Jane Jacobs
- Joe Jordan
-
-2. Sorted vec2 of pointer to Person:
- Annie Aniston
- Jane Jacobs
- Joe Jordan
-
-3. Sorted vec3 of shared-pointer to Person:
- Annie Aniston
- Jane Jacobs
- Joe Jordan
- Joe Jordan
-
-Destroy vec1:
-del: Annie
-del: Jane
-del: Joe
-
-Destroy vec2:
-del: Annie
-del: Jane
-del: Joe
-
-Destroy vec3:
-del: Annie
-del: Joe
-
-Destroy elem1:
-del: Jane
-```
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