// example: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/std/box.html #include typedef struct { double x; double y; } Point; // A Rectangle can be specified by where its top left and bottom right // corners are in space typedef struct { Point top_left; Point bottom_right; } Rectangle; #define i_key Point #include // cbox_Point #define i_key Rectangle #include // cbox_Rectangle // Box in box: #define i_type BoxBoxPoint #define i_keyboxed cbox_Point // NB: use i_keyboxed when value is a cbox or carc! #include // BoxBoxPoint Point origin(void) { return c_LITERAL(Point){ .x=1.0, .y=2.0 }; } cbox_Point boxed_origin(void) { // Allocate this point on the heap, and return a pointer to it return cbox_Point_make(c_LITERAL(Point){ .x=1.0, .y=2.0 }); } int main(void) { // Stack allocated variables Point point = origin(); Rectangle rectangle = { .top_left = origin(), .bottom_right = { .x=3.0, .y=-4.0 } }; // Heap allocated rectangle cbox_Rectangle boxed_rectangle = cbox_Rectangle_make(c_LITERAL(Rectangle){ .top_left = origin(), .bottom_right = { .x=3.0, .y=-4.0 } }); // The output of functions can be boxed cbox_Point boxed_point = cbox_Point_make(origin()); // Can use from(raw) and toraw instead: BoxBoxPoint box_in_a_box = BoxBoxPoint_from(origin()); c_defer( BoxBoxPoint_drop(&box_in_a_box), cbox_Point_drop(&boxed_point), cbox_Rectangle_drop(&boxed_rectangle) ){ printf("box_in_a_box: x = %g\n", BoxBoxPoint_toraw(&box_in_a_box).x); printf("Point occupies %d bytes on the stack\n", (int)sizeof(point)); printf("Rectangle occupies %d bytes on the stack\n", (int)sizeof(rectangle)); // box size == pointer size printf("Boxed point occupies %d bytes on the stack\n", (int)sizeof(boxed_point)); printf("Boxed rectangle occupies %d bytes on the stack\n", (int)sizeof(boxed_rectangle)); printf("Boxed box occupies %d bytes on the stack\n", (int)sizeof(box_in_a_box)); // Copy the data contained in `boxed_point` into `unboxed_point` Point unboxed_point = *boxed_point.get; printf("Unboxed point occupies %d bytes on the stack\n", (int)sizeof(unboxed_point)); } }