=begin

 APIs listing that haven't been encountered in previous sample apps:

 - product: Returns an array of all combinations of elements from all arrays.

   For example, [1,2].product([1,2]) would return the following array...
   [[1,1], [1,2], [2,1], [2,2]]
   More than two arrays can be given to product and it will still work,
   such as [1,2].product([1,2],[3,4]). What would product return in this case?

   Answer:
   [[1,1,3],[1,1,4],[1,2,3],[1,2,4],[2,1,3],[2,1,4],[2,2,3],[2,2,4]]

 - num1.fdiv(num2): Returns the float division (will have a decimal) of the two given numbers.
   For example, 5.fdiv(2) = 2.5 and 5.fdiv(5) = 1.0

 - yield: Allows you to call a method with a code block and yield to that block.

 Reminders:

 - ARRAY#inside_rect?: Returns true or false depending on if the point is inside the rect.

 - String interpolation: Uses #{} syntax; everything between the #{ and the } is evaluated
   as Ruby code, and the placeholder is replaced with its corresponding value or result.

 - args.inputs.mouse.click: This property will be set if the mouse was clicked.

 - Ternary operator (?): Will evaluate a statement (just like an if statement)
   and perform an action if the result is true or another action if it is false.

 - reject: Removes elements from a collection if they meet certain requirements.

 - args.outputs.borders: An array. The values generate a border.
   The parameters are [X, Y, WIDTH, HEIGHT, RED, GREEN, BLUE]

 - args.outputs.labels: An array. The values generate a label.
   The parameters are [X, Y, TEXT, SIZE, ALIGNMENT, RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA, FONT STYLE]

=end

# This sample app is a classic game of Tic Tac Toe.

class TicTacToe
  attr_accessor :_, :state, :outputs, :inputs, :grid, :gtk

  # Starts the game with player x's turn and creates an array (to_a) for space combinations.
  # Calls methods necessary for the game to run properly.
  def tick
    state.current_turn ||= :x
    state.space_combinations = [-1, 0, 1].product([-1, 0, 1]).to_a
    render_board
    input_board
  end

  # Uses borders to create grid squares for the game's board. Also outputs the game pieces using labels.
  def render_board
    square_size = 80

    # Positions the game's board in the center of the screen.
    # Try removing what follows grid.w_half or grid.h_half and see how the position changes!
    board_left = grid.w_half - square_size * 1.5
    board_top  = grid.h_half - square_size * 1.5

    # At first glance, the add(1) looks pretty trivial. But if you remove it,
    # you'll see that the positioning of the board would be skewed without it!
    # Or if you put 2 in the parenthesis, the pieces will be placed in the wrong squares
    # due to the change in board placement.
    outputs.borders << all_spaces do |x, y, space| # outputs borders for all board spaces
      space.border ||= [
        board_left + x.add(1) * square_size, # space.border is initialized using this definition
        board_top  + y.add(1) * square_size,
        square_size,
        square_size
      ]
    end

    # Again, the calculations ensure that the piece is placed in the center of the grid square.
    # Remove the '- 20' and the piece will be placed at the top of the grid square instead of the center.
    outputs.labels << filled_spaces do |x, y, space| # put label in each filled space of board
          label board_left + x.add(1) * square_size + square_size.fdiv(2),
          board_top  + y.add(1) * square_size + square_size - 20,
          space.piece # text of label, either "x" or "o"
    end

    # Uses a label to output whether x or o won, or if a draw occurred.
    # If the game is ongoing, a label shows whose turn it currently is.
    outputs.labels << if state.x_won
                        label grid.w_half, grid.top - 80, "x won" # the '-80' positions the label 80 pixels lower than top
                      elsif state.o_won
                        label grid.w_half, grid.top - 80, "o won" # grid.w_half positions the label in the center horizontally
                      elsif state.draw
                        label grid.w_half, grid.top - 80, "a draw"
                      else # if no one won and the game is ongoing
                        label grid.w_half, grid.top - 80, "turn: #{state.current_turn}"
                      end
  end

  # Calls the methods responsible for handling user input and determining the winner.
  # Does nothing unless the mouse is clicked.
  def input_board
    return unless inputs.mouse.click
    input_place_piece
    input_restart_game
    determine_winner
  end

  # Handles user input for placing pieces on the board.
  def input_place_piece
    return if state.game_over

    # Checks to find the space that the mouse was clicked inside of, and makes sure the space does not already
    # have a piece in it.
    __, __, space = all_spaces.find do |__, __, space|
      inputs.mouse.click.point.inside_rect?(space.border) && !space.piece
    end

    # The piece that goes into the space belongs to the player whose turn it currently is.
    return unless space
    space.piece = state.current_turn

    # This ternary operator statement allows us to change the current player's turn.
    # If it is currently x's turn, it becomes o's turn. If it is not x's turn, it become's x's turn.
    state.current_turn = state.current_turn == :x ? :o : :x
  end

  # Resets the game.
  def input_restart_game
    return unless state.game_over
    gtk.reset
  end

  # Checks if x or o won the game.
  # If neither player wins and all nine squares are filled, a draw happens.
  # Once a player is chosen as the winner or a draw happens, the game is over.
  def determine_winner
    state.x_won = won? :x # evaluates to either true or false (boolean values)
    state.o_won = won? :o
    state.draw = true if filled_spaces.length == 9 && !state.x_won && !state.o_won
    state.game_over = state.x_won || state.o_won || state.draw
  end

  # Determines if a player won by checking if there is a horizontal match or vertical match.
  # Horizontal_match and vertical_match have boolean values. If either is true, the game has been won.
  def won? piece
    # performs action on all space combinations
    won = [[-1, 0, 1]].product([-1, 0, 1]).map do |xs, y|

      # Checks if the 3 grid spaces with the same y value (or same row) and
      # x values that are next to each other have pieces that belong to the same player.
      # Remember, the value of piece is equal to the current turn (which is the player).
      horizontal_match = state.spaces[xs[0]][y].piece == piece &&
                         state.spaces[xs[1]][y].piece == piece &&
                         state.spaces[xs[2]][y].piece == piece

      # Checks if the 3 grid spaces with the same x value (or same column) and
      # y values that are next to each other have pieces that belong to the same player.
      # The && represents an "and" statement: if even one part of the statement is false,
      # the entire statement evaluates to false.
      vertical_match = state.spaces[y][xs[0]].piece == piece &&
                       state.spaces[y][xs[1]].piece == piece &&
                       state.spaces[y][xs[2]].piece == piece

      horizontal_match || vertical_match # if either is true, true is returned
    end

    # Sees if there is a diagonal match, starting from the bottom left and ending at the top right.
    # Is added to won regardless of whether the statement is true or false.
    won << (state.spaces[-1][-1].piece == piece && # bottom left
            state.spaces[ 0][ 0].piece == piece && # center
            state.spaces[ 1][ 1].piece == piece)   # top right

    # Sees if there is a diagonal match, starting at the bottom right and ending at the top left
    # and is added to won.
    won << (state.spaces[ 1][-1].piece == piece && # bottom right
            state.spaces[ 0][ 0].piece == piece && # center
            state.spaces[-1][ 1].piece == piece)   # top left

    # Any false statements (meaning false diagonal matches) are rejected from won
    won.reject_false.any?
  end

  # Defines filled spaces on the board by rejecting all spaces that do not have game pieces in them.
  # The ! before a statement means "not". For example, we are rejecting any space combinations that do
  # NOT have pieces in them.
  def filled_spaces
    state.space_combinations
      .reject { |x, y| !state.spaces[x][y].piece } # reject spaces with no pieces in them
      .map do |x, y|
        if block_given?
          yield x, y, state.spaces[x][y]
        else
          [x, y, state.spaces[x][y]] # sets definition of space
        end
    end
  end

  # Defines all spaces on the board.
  def all_spaces
    if !block_given?
      state.space_combinations.map do |x, y|
        [x, y, state.spaces[x][y]] # sets definition of space
      end
    else # if a block is given (block_given? is true)
      state.space_combinations.map do |x, y|
        yield x, y, state.spaces[x][y] # yield if a block is given
      end
    end
  end

  # Sets values for a label, such as the position, value, size, alignment, and color.
  def label x, y, value
    [x, y + 10, value, 20, 1, 0, 0, 0]
  end
end

$tic_tac_toe = TicTacToe.new

def tick args
  $tic_tac_toe._       = args
  $tic_tac_toe.state   = args.state
  $tic_tac_toe.outputs = args.outputs
  $tic_tac_toe.inputs  = args.inputs
  $tic_tac_toe.grid    = args.grid
  $tic_tac_toe.gtk     = args.gtk
  $tic_tac_toe.tick
  tick_instructions args, "Sample app shows how to work with mouse clicks."
end

def tick_instructions args, text, y = 715
  return if args.state.key_event_occurred
  if args.inputs.mouse.click ||
     args.inputs.keyboard.directional_vector ||
     args.inputs.keyboard.key_down.enter ||
     args.inputs.keyboard.key_down.escape
    args.state.key_event_occurred = true
  end

  args.outputs.debug << [0, y - 50, 1280, 60].solid
  args.outputs.debug << [640, y, text, 1, 1, 255, 255, 255].label
  args.outputs.debug << [640, y - 25, "(click to dismiss instructions)" , -2, 1, 255, 255, 255].label
end