26 files changed, 159 insertions, 785 deletions

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 9ef7009a6..fde7f7525 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ matrix:
     - os: osx
       osx_image: xcode7.1
 
-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-      - gperf
-
 env:
   - MRUBY_CONFIG=travis_config.rb
-script: "./minirake -j4 all test"
+script: "rake -m && rake test"
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 3a7428a88..0b632f51c 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ things in mind before submitting your pull request:
 
 * Work on the latest possible state of **mruby/master**
 * Create a branch which is dedicated to your change
-* Test your changes before creating a pull request (```./minirake test```)
+* Test your changes before creating a pull request (```rake test```)
 * If possible write a test case which confirms your change
 * Don't mix several features or bug-fixes in one pull request
 * Create a meaningful commit message
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 4912f17e1..7f1a744e5 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # mruby is using Rake (http://rake.rubyforge.org) as a build tool.
-# We provide a minimalistic version called minirake inside of our
-# codebase.
 
-RAKE = ruby ./minirake
+RAKE = rake
 
 all :
 	$(RAKE)
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a1665837f..ab518734b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -44,11 +44,7 @@ See the [compile.md](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/compi
 
 To run the tests, execute the following from the project's root directory.
 
-    $ make test
-
-Or
-
-    $ ruby ./minirake test
+    $ rake test
 
 ## Building documentation
 
diff --git a/doc/guides/compile.md b/doc/guides/compile.md
index 6a093310a..ba23fcfb4 100644
--- a/doc/guides/compile.md
+++ b/doc/guides/compile.md
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here. In case
 you want to maintain an additional *build_config.rb* you can define a
 customized path using the *$MRUBY_CONFIG* environment variable.
 
-To compile just call `./minirake` inside of the mruby source root. To
-generate and execute the test tools call `./minirake test`. To clean
-all build files call `./minirake clean`. To see full command line on
-build, call `./minirake -v`.
+To compile just call `rake` inside of the mruby source root. To
+generate and execute the test tools call `rake test`. To clean
+all build files call `rake clean`. To see full command line on
+build, call `rake -v`.
 
 ## Build Configuration
 
diff --git a/doc/guides/mrbgems.md b/doc/guides/mrbgems.md
index 184f62954..ffbf17f26 100644
--- a/doc/guides/mrbgems.md
+++ b/doc/guides/mrbgems.md
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ conf.gem mgem: 'mruby-redis', checksum_hash: '3446d19fc4a3f9697b5ddbf2a904f301c4
 If there is missing dependencies, mrbgem dependencies solver will reference
 mrbgem from core or mgem-list.
 
-To pull all gems from remote GIT repository on build, call ```./minirake -p```,
-or ```./minirake --pull-gems```.
+To pull all gems from remote GIT repository on build, call ```rake -p```,
+or ```rake --pull-gems```.
 
 NOTE: `:bitbucket` option supports only git. Hg is unsupported in this version.
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ So it is recommended not to put GEM's local header files on include/.
 These exports are retroactive.
 For example: when B depends to C and A depends to B, A will get include paths exported by C.
 
-Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by Minirake.
+Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by rake.
 You can use `spec.export_include_paths` accessor if you want more complex build.
 
 
diff --git a/include/mruby/class.h b/include/mruby/class.h
index c15633e83..cbf96fef2 100644
--- a/include/mruby/class.h
+++ b/include/mruby/class.h
@@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ void mrb_gc_mark_mt(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 size_t mrb_gc_mark_mt_size(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 void mrb_gc_free_mt(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+void mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c);
+#else
+#define mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb,c)
+#endif
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_CLASS_H */
diff --git a/lib/mruby/build.rb b/lib/mruby/build.rb
index 55b82cd2b..c080857a0 100644
--- a/lib/mruby/build.rb
+++ b/lib/mruby/build.rb
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ EOS
       if name.is_a?(Array)
         name.flatten.map { |n| cygwin_filename(n) }
       else
-        `cygpath -w "#{filename(name)}"`.strip
+        '"%s"' % `cygpath -w "#{filename(name)}"`.strip
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/mruby/build/command.rb b/lib/mruby/build/command.rb
index 0a6d6b818..6eb4b6628 100644
--- a/lib/mruby/build/command.rb
+++ b/lib/mruby/build/command.rb
@@ -279,36 +279,42 @@ module MRuby
 
   class Command::Git < Command
     attr_accessor :flags
-    attr_accessor :clone_options, :pull_options, :checkout_options, :reset_options
+    attr_accessor :clone_options, :pull_options, :checkout_options, :checkout_detach_options, :reset_options
 
     def initialize(build)
       super
       @command = 'git'
       @flags = %w[]
       @clone_options = "clone %{flags} %{url} %{dir}"
-      @pull_options = "--git-dir #{shellquote("%{repo_dir}/.git")} --work-tree #{shellquote("%{repo_dir}")} pull"
-      @checkout_options = "--git-dir #{shellquote("%{repo_dir}/.git")} --work-tree #{shellquote("%{repo_dir}")} checkout %{checksum_hash}"
-      @reset_options = "--git-dir #{shellquote("%{repo_dir}/.git")} --work-tree #{shellquote("%{repo_dir}")} reset %{checksum_hash}"
+      @pull_options = "--git-dir %{repo_dir}/.git --work-tree %{repo_dir} pull"
+      @checkout_options = "--git-dir %{repo_dir}/.git --work-tree %{repo_dir} checkout %{checksum_hash}"
+      @checkout_detach_options = "--git-dir %{repo_dir}/.git --work-tree %{repo_dir} checkout --detach %{checksum_hash}"
+      @reset_options = "--git-dir %{repo_dir}/.git --work-tree %{repo_dir} reset %{checksum_hash}"
     end
 
     def run_clone(dir, url, _flags = [])
       _pp "GIT", url, dir.relative_path
-      _run clone_options, { :flags => [flags, _flags].flatten.join(' '), :url => url, :dir => filename(dir) }
+      _run clone_options, { :flags => [flags, _flags].flatten.join(' '), :url => shellquote(url), :dir => shellquote(filename(dir)) }
     end
 
     def run_pull(dir, url)
       _pp "GIT PULL", url, dir.relative_path
-      _run pull_options, { :repo_dir => dir }
+      _run pull_options, { :repo_dir => shellquote(dir) }
     end
 
     def run_checkout(dir, checksum_hash)
-      _pp "GIT CHECKOUT", checksum_hash
-      _run checkout_options, { :checksum_hash => checksum_hash, :repo_dir => dir }
+      _pp "GIT CHECKOUT", dir, checksum_hash
+      _run checkout_options, { :checksum_hash => checksum_hash, :repo_dir => shellquote(dir) }
+    end
+
+    def run_checkout_detach(dir, checksum_hash)
+      _pp "GIT CHECKOUT DETACH", dir, checksum_hash
+      _run checkout_detach_options, { :checksum_hash => checksum_hash, :repo_dir => shellquote(dir) }
     end
 
     def run_reset_hard(dir, checksum_hash)
-      _pp "GIT RESET", checksum_hash
-      _run reset_options, { :checksum_hash => checksum_hash, :repo_dir => dir }
+      _pp "GIT RESET", dir, checksum_hash
+      _run reset_options, { :checksum_hash => checksum_hash, :repo_dir => shellquote(dir) }
     end
 
     def commit_hash(dir)
diff --git a/lib/mruby/build/load_gems.rb b/lib/mruby/build/load_gems.rb
index f6deb5168..17035c459 100644
--- a/lib/mruby/build/load_gems.rb
+++ b/lib/mruby/build/load_gems.rb
@@ -86,14 +86,13 @@ module MRuby
 
         if File.exist?(gemdir)
           if $pull_gems
-            git.run_pull gemdir, url
             # Jump to the top of the branch
-            git.run_checkout(gemdir, branch)
-            git.run_reset_hard gemdir, "origin/#{branch}"
+            git.run_checkout gemdir, branch
+            git.run_pull gemdir, url
           elsif params[:checksum_hash]
-            git.run_reset_hard(gemdir, params[:checksum_hash])
+            git.run_checkout_detach gemdir, params[:checksum_hash]
           elsif lock
-            git.run_reset_hard(gemdir, lock['commit'])
+            git.run_checkout_detach gemdir, lock['commit']
           end
         else
           options = [params[:options]] || []
@@ -105,9 +104,9 @@ module MRuby
 
           # Jump to the specified commit
           if params[:checksum_hash]
-            git.run_reset_hard gemdir, params[:checksum_hash]
+            git.run_checkout_detach gemdir, params[:checksum_hash]
           elsif lock
-            git.run_reset_hard gemdir, lock['commit']
+            git.run_checkout_detach gemdir, lock['commit']
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/minirake b/minirake
index 8df395e97..3a9d2f8cb 100755
--- a/minirake
+++ b/minirake
@@ -1,621 +1,2 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-
-# Original is https://github.com/jimweirich/rake/
-# Copyright (c) 2003 Jim Weirich
-# License: MIT-LICENSE
-
-require 'getoptlong'
-require 'fileutils'
-
-$rake_fiber_table = {}
-$rake_jobs = 1
-$rake_failed = []
-
-class String
-  def ext(newext='')
-    return self.dup if ['.', '..'].include? self
-    if newext != ''
-      newext = (newext =~ /^\./) ? newext : ("." + newext)
-    end
-    self.chomp(File.extname(self)) << newext
-  end
-
-  def pathmap(spec=nil, &block)
-    return self if spec.nil?
-    result = ''
-    spec.scan(/%\{[^}]*\}-?\d*[sdpfnxX%]|%-?\d+d|%.|[^%]+/) do |frag|
-      case frag
-      when '%f'
-        result << File.basename(self)
-      when '%n'
-        result << File.basename(self).ext
-      when '%d'
-        result << File.dirname(self)
-      when '%x'
-        result << File.extname(self)
-      when '%X'
-        result << self.ext
-      when '%p'
-        result << self
-      when '%s'
-        result << (File::ALT_SEPARATOR || File::SEPARATOR)
-      when '%-'
-        # do nothing
-      when '%%'
-        result << "%"
-      when /%(-?\d+)d/
-        result << pathmap_partial($1.to_i)
-      when /^%\{([^}]*)\}(\d*[dpfnxX])/
-        patterns, operator = $1, $2
-        result << pathmap('%' + operator).pathmap_replace(patterns, &block)
-      when /^%/
-        fail ArgumentError, "Unknown pathmap specifier #{frag} in '#{spec}'"
-      else
-        result << frag
-      end
-    end
-    result
-  end
-end
-
-module MiniRake
-  class Task
-    TASKS = Hash.new
-    RULES = Array.new
-
-    # List of prerequisites for a task.
-    attr_reader :prerequisites
-
-    # Source dependency for rule synthesized tasks.  Nil if task was not
-    # sythesized from a rule.
-    attr_accessor :source
-
-    # Create a task named +task_name+ with no actions or prerequisites..
-    # use +enhance+ to add actions and prerequisites.
-    def initialize(task_name)
-      @name = task_name
-      @prerequisites = []
-      @actions = []
-    end
-
-    # Enhance a task with prerequisites or actions.  Returns self.
-    def enhance(deps=nil, &block)
-      @prerequisites |= deps if deps
-      @actions << block if block_given?
-      self
-    end
-
-    # Name of the task.
-    def name
-      @name.to_s
-    end
-
-    def done?; @done end
-    def running?; @running end
-
-    # Invoke the task if it is needed. Prerequisites are invoked first.
-    def invoke
-      puts "Invoke #{name} (already=[#{@already_invoked}], needed=[#{needed?}])" if $trace
-      return if @already_invoked
-      prerequisites = @prerequisites.collect{ |n| n.is_a?(Proc) ? n.call(name) : n }.flatten
-      prerequisites.each do |n|
-        t = Task[n]
-        unless t.done?
-          return prerequisites.select{|v| v = Task[v]; v && (!v.done? || !v.running?) }
-        end
-      end
-
-      @already_invoked = true
-
-      if needed?
-        @running = true
-        if $rake_root_fiber
-          return Fiber.new do
-            self.execute
-            $rake_root_fiber.transfer
-          end
-        else
-          self.execute
-        end
-      end
-
-      @done = true
-    end
-
-    # Execute the actions associated with this task.
-    def execute
-      puts "Execute #{name}" if $trace
-      self.class.enhance_with_matching_rule(name) if @actions.empty?
-      unless $dryrun
-        @actions.each { |act| act.call(self) }
-      end
-      @done = true
-      @running = false
-    end
-
-    # Is this task needed?
-    def needed?
-      true
-    end
-
-    # Timestamp for this task.  Basic tasks return the current time for
-    # their time stamp.  Other tasks can be more sophisticated.
-    def timestamp
-      Time.now
-    end
-
-    # Class Methods ----------------------------------------------------
-
-    class << self
-
-      # Clear the task list.  This cause rake to immediately forget all
-      # the tasks that have been assigned.  (Normally used in the unit
-      # tests.)
-      def clear
-        TASKS.clear
-        RULES.clear
-      end
-
-      # List of all defined tasks.
-      def tasks
-        TASKS.keys.sort.collect { |tn| Task[tn] }
-      end
-
-      # Return a task with the given name.  If the task is not currently
-      # known, try to synthesize one from the defined rules.  If no
-      # rules are found, but an existing file matches the task name,
-      # assume it is a file task with no dependencies or actions.
-      def [](task_name)
-        task_name = task_name.to_s
-        if task = TASKS[task_name]
-          return task
-        end
-        if task = enhance_with_matching_rule(task_name)
-          return task
-        end
-        if File.exist?(task_name)
-          return FileTask.define_task(task_name)
-        end
-        fail "Don't know how to rake #{task_name}"
-      end
-
-      # Define a task given +args+ and an option block.  If a rule with
-      # the given name already exists, the prerequisites and actions are
-      # added to the existing task.
-      def define_task(args, &block)
-        task_name, deps = resolve_args(args)
-        lookup(task_name).enhance([deps].flatten, &block)
-      end
-
-      # Define a rule for synthesizing tasks.
-      def create_rule(args, &block)
-        pattern, deps = resolve_args(args)
-        pattern = Regexp.new(Regexp.quote(pattern) + '$') if String === pattern
-        RULES << [pattern, deps, block]
-      end
-
-
-      # Lookup a task.  Return an existing task if found, otherwise
-      # create a task of the current type.
-      def lookup(task_name)
-        name = task_name.to_s
-        TASKS[name] ||= self.new(name)
-      end
-
-      # If a rule can be found that matches the task name, enhance the
-      # task with the prerequisites and actions from the rule.  Set the
-      # source attribute of the task appropriately for the rule.  Return
-      # the enhanced task or nil of no rule was found.
-      def enhance_with_matching_rule(task_name, level=0)
-        fail "Rule Recursion Too Deep: #{task_name}" if level >= 16
-        RULES.each do |pattern, extensions, block|
-          next unless  pattern && pattern.match(task_name)
-          sources = extensions.flat_map do |ext|
-            case ext
-            when /%/
-              task_name.pathmap(ext)
-            when %r{/}
-              ext
-            when /^\./
-              source = task_name.sub(pattern, ext)
-              source == ext ? task_name.ext(ext) : source
-            when String
-              ext
-            when Proc, Method
-              ext.arity == 1 ? ext.call(task_name) : ext.call
-            else
-              fail "Don't know how to handle rule dependent: #{ext.inspect}"
-            end
-          end
-          prereqs = sources.map do |source|
-            if File.exist?(source) || TASKS[source]
-              source
-            elsif parent = enhance_with_matching_rule(source, level + 1)
-              parent.name
-            else
-              break nil
-            end
-          end
-          if prereqs
-            task = FileTask.define_task(task_name => prereqs, &block)
-            task.source = prereqs.first
-            return task
-          end
-        end
-        nil
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      # Resolve the arguments for a task/rule.
-      def resolve_args(args)
-        case args
-        when Hash
-          fail "Too Many Task Names: #{args.keys.join(' ')}" if args.size > 1
-          fail "No Task Name Given" if args.size < 1
-          task_name = args.keys[0]
-          deps = args[task_name]
-          deps = [deps] if (String===deps) || (Regexp===deps) || (Proc===deps)
-        else
-          task_name = args
-          deps = []
-        end
-        [task_name, deps]
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-
-  ######################################################################
-  class FileTask < Task
-    # Is this file task needed?  Yes if it doesn't exist, or if its time
-    # stamp is out of date.
-    def needed?
-      return true unless File.exist?(name)
-      prerequisites = @prerequisites.collect{ |n| n.is_a?(Proc) ? n.call(name) : n }.flatten
-      latest_prereq = prerequisites.collect{|n| Task[n].timestamp}.max
-      return false if latest_prereq.nil?
-      timestamp < latest_prereq
-    end
-
-    # Time stamp for file task.
-    def timestamp
-      return Time.at(0) unless File.exist?(name)
-      stat = File::stat(name.to_s)
-      stat.directory? ? Time.at(0) : stat.mtime
-    end
-  end
-
-  module DSL
-    # Declare a basic task.
-    def task(args, &block)
-      MiniRake::Task.define_task(args, &block)
-    end
-
-    # Declare a file task.
-    def file(args, &block)
-      MiniRake::FileTask.define_task(args, &block)
-    end
-
-    # Declare a set of files tasks to create the given directories on
-    # demand.
-    def directory(args, &block)
-      MiniRake::FileTask.define_task(args) do |t|
-        block.call(t) unless block.nil?
-        dir = args.is_a?(Hash) ? args.keys.first : args
-        (dir.split(File::SEPARATOR) + ['']).inject do |acc, part|
-          (acc + File::SEPARATOR).tap do |d|
-            Dir.mkdir(d) unless File.exists? d
-          end + part
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Declare a rule for auto-tasks.
-    def rule(args, &block)
-      MiniRake::Task.create_rule(args, &block)
-    end
-
-    # Write a message to standard out if $verbose is enabled.
-    def log(msg)
-      print "  " if $trace && $verbose
-      puts msg if $verbose
-    end
-
-    # Run the system command +cmd+.
-    def sh(cmd)
-      puts cmd if $verbose
-
-      if !$rake_root_fiber || Fiber.current == $rake_root_fiber
-        system(cmd) or fail "Command Failed: [#{cmd}]"
-        return
-      end
-
-      pid = Process.spawn(cmd)
-      $rake_fiber_table[pid] = {
-        fiber: Fiber.current,
-        command: cmd,
-        process_waiter: Process.detach(pid)
-      }
-      $rake_root_fiber.transfer
-    end
-
-    def desc(text)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-Rake = MiniRake
-extend MiniRake::DSL
-
-
-######################################################################
-# Task Definition Functions ...
-
-######################################################################
-# Rake main application object.  When invoking +rake+ from the command
-# line, a RakeApp object is created and run.
-#
-class RakeApp
-  RAKEFILES = ['rakefile', 'Rakefile']
-
-  OPTIONS = [
-    ['--dry-run',  '-n', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Do a dry run without executing actions."],
-    ['--help',     '-H', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Display this help message."],
-    ['--libdir',   '-I', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT,
-      "Include LIBDIR in the search path for required modules."],
-    ['--nosearch', '-N', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Do not search parent directories for the Rakefile."],
-    ['--quiet',    '-q', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Do not log messages to standard output (default)."],
-    ['--rakefile', '-f', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT,
-      "Use FILE as the rakefile."],
-    ['--require',  '-r', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT,
-      "Require MODULE before executing rakefile."],
-    ['--tasks',    '-T', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Display the tasks and dependencies, then exit."],
-    ['--pull-gems','-p', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Pull all git mrbgems."],
-    ['--trace',    '-t', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Turn on invoke/execute tracing."],
-    ['--usage',    '-h', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Display usage."],
-    ['--verbose',  '-v', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT,
-      "Log message to standard output."],
-    ['--directory', '-C', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT,
-      "Change executing directory of rakefiles."],
-    ['--jobs', '-j', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT,
-      'Execute rake with parallel jobs.']
-  ]
-
-  # Create a RakeApp object.
-  def initialize
-    @rakefile = nil
-    @nosearch = false
-  end
-
-  # True if one of the files in RAKEFILES is in the current directory.
-  # If a match is found, it is copied into @rakefile.
-  def have_rakefile
-    RAKEFILES.each do |fn|
-      if File.exist?(fn)
-        @rakefile = fn
-        return true
-      end
-    end
-    return false
-  end
-
-  # Display the program usage line.
-  def usage
-      puts "rake [-f rakefile] {options} targets..."
-  end
-
-  # Display the rake command line help.
-  def help
-    usage
-    puts
-    puts "Options are ..."
-    puts
-    OPTIONS.sort.each do |long, short, mode, desc|
-      if mode == GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT
-        if desc =~ /\b([A-Z]{2,})\b/
-          long = long + "=#{$1}"
-        end
-      end
-      printf "  %-20s (%s)\n", long, short
-      printf "      %s\n", desc
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Display the tasks and dependencies.
-  def display_tasks
-    MiniRake::Task.tasks.each do |t|
-      puts "#{t.class} #{t.name}"
-      t.prerequisites.each { |pre| puts "    #{pre}" }
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Return a list of the command line options supported by the
-  # program.
-  def command_line_options
-    OPTIONS.collect { |lst| lst[0..-2] }
-  end
-
-  # Do the option defined by +opt+ and +value+.
-  def do_option(opt, value)
-    case opt
-    when '--dry-run'
-      $dryrun = true
-      $trace = true
-    when '--help'
-      help
-      exit
-    when '--libdir'
-      $:.push(value)
-    when '--nosearch'
-      @nosearch = true
-    when '--quiet'
-      $verbose = false
-    when '--rakefile'
-      RAKEFILES.clear
-      RAKEFILES << value
-    when '--require'
-      require value
-    when '--tasks'
-      $show_tasks = true
-    when '--pull-gems'
-      $pull_gems = true
-    when '--trace'
-      $trace = true
-    when '--usage'
-      usage
-      exit
-    when '--verbose'
-      $verbose = true
-    when '--version'
-      puts "rake, version #{RAKEVERSION}"
-      exit
-    when '--directory'
-      Dir.chdir value
-    when '--jobs'
-      $rake_jobs = [value.to_i, 1].max
-    else
-      fail "Unknown option: #{opt}"
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Read and handle the command line options.
-  def handle_options
-    $verbose = false
-    $pull_gems = false
-    opts = GetoptLong.new(*command_line_options)
-    opts.each { |opt, value| do_option(opt, value) }
-  end
-
-  # Run the +rake+ application.
-  def run
-    handle_options
-
-    unless $rake_root_fiber
-      require 'fiber'
-      $rake_root_fiber = Fiber.current
-    end
-
-    begin
-      here = Dir.pwd
-      while ! have_rakefile
-        Dir.chdir("..")
-        if Dir.pwd == here || @nosearch
-          fail "No Rakefile found (looking for: #{RAKEFILES.join(', ')})"
-        end
-        here = Dir.pwd
-      end
-      root_tasks = []
-      ARGV.each do |task_name|
-        if /^(\w+)=(.*)/.match(task_name)
-          ENV[$1] = $2
-        else
-          root_tasks << task_name
-        end
-      end
-      puts "(in #{Dir.pwd})"
-      $rakefile = @rakefile
-      load @rakefile
-      if $show_tasks
-        display_tasks
-      else
-        root_tasks.push("default") if root_tasks.empty?
-        # revese tasks for popping
-        root_tasks.reverse!
-
-        tasks = []
-        until root_tasks.empty?
-          root_name = root_tasks.pop
-          tasks << root_name
-          until tasks.empty?
-            task_name = tasks.pop
-            t = MiniRake::Task[task_name]
-            f = t.invoke
-
-            # append additional tasks to task queue
-            if f.kind_of?(Array)
-              tasks.push(*f)
-              tasks.uniq!
-            end
-
-            unless f.kind_of? Fiber
-              tasks.insert 0, task_name unless t.done?
-              if root_name == task_name
-                wait_process
-              end
-              next
-            end
-
-            wait_process while $rake_fiber_table.size >= $rake_jobs
-
-            f.transfer
-          end
-        end
-
-        wait_process until $rake_fiber_table.empty?
-      end
-    rescue Exception => e
-      begin
-        $rake_failed << e
-        wait_process until $rake_fiber_table.empty?
-      rescue Exception => next_e
-        e = next_e
-        retry
-      end
-    end
-
-    return if $rake_failed.empty?
-
-    puts "rake aborted!"
-    $rake_failed.each do |ex|
-      puts ex.message
-      if $trace || $verbose
-        puts ex.backtrace.join("\n")
-      else
-        puts ex.backtrace.find {|str| str =~ /#{@rakefile}/ } || ""
-      end
-    end
-    exit 1
-  end
-
-  def wait_process(count = 0)
-    dur = [0.0001 * (10 ** count), 1].min
-    sleep dur
-
-    exited = []
-    $rake_fiber_table.each do |pid, v|
-      exited << pid unless v[:process_waiter].alive?
-    end
-
-    exited.each do |pid|
-      ent = $rake_fiber_table.delete pid
-      st = ent[:process_waiter].value
-
-      # ignore process that isn't created by `sh` method
-      return if ent.nil?
-
-      if st.exitstatus != 0
-        raise "Command Failed: [#{ent[:command]}]"
-      end
-
-      fail 'task scheduling bug!' if $rake_fiber_table.size >= $rake_jobs
-
-      ent[:fiber].transfer
-    end
-
-    wait_process(count + 1) if !$rake_fiber_table.empty? && exited.empty?
-  end
-
-end
-
-if __FILE__ == $0 then
-  RakeApp.new.run
-end
+#! /usr/bin/env ruby
+exec "rake", *ARGV
diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-bin-debugger/bintest/print.rb b/mrbgems/mruby-bin-debugger/bintest/print.rb
index 314c7041a..a8401963f 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-bin-debugger/bintest/print.rb
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-bin-debugger/bintest/print.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 require 'open3'
 require 'tempfile'
+require 'strscan'
 
 class BinTest_MrubyBinDebugger
-  @debug1=false
-  @debug2=true
+#  @debug1=false
+#  @debug2=true
   def self.test(rubysource, testcase)
     script, bin = Tempfile.new(['test', '.rb']), Tempfile.new(['test', '.mrb'])
 
@@ -19,10 +20,20 @@ class BinTest_MrubyBinDebugger
 
     stdin_data = testcase.map{|t| t[:cmd]}.join("\n") << "\n"
 
+    prompt = /^\(#{Regexp.escape(script.path)}:\d+\) /
     ["bin/mrdb #{script.path}","bin/mrdb -b #{bin.path}"].each do |cmd|
       o, s = Open3.capture2(cmd, :stdin_data => stdin_data)
+      scanner = StringScanner.new(o)
+      scanner.skip_until(prompt)
+      testcase.each do |tc|
+        exp = tc[:exp]
+        if exp
+          act = scanner.scan_until(/\n/)
+          break unless assert_operator act, :start_with?, exp
+        end
+        scanner.skip_until(prompt)
+      end
 
-      exp_vals = testcase.map{|t| t.fetch(:exp, nil)}
 =begin
 if @debug1
   o.split("\n").each_with_index do |i,actual|
@@ -41,14 +52,6 @@ end
         assert_true actual.include?(exp) unless exp.nil?
       end
 =end
-      idx = 0
-      exp_vals.each do |exp|
-        next if exp.nil?
-        idx = o.index(exp, idx)
-        assert_false idx.nil?
-        break unless idx
-        idx += 1
-      end
     end
   end
 end
@@ -698,4 +701,3 @@ SRC
 
   BinTest_MrubyBinDebugger.test(src, tc)
 end
-
diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mrbc/tools/mrbc/mrbc.c b/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mrbc/tools/mrbc/mrbc.c
index 4c8c680cb..716b79c88 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mrbc/tools/mrbc/mrbc.c
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mrbc/tools/mrbc/mrbc.c
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ partial_hook(struct mrb_parser_state *p)
     return -1;
   }
   fn = args->argv[args->idx++];
-  p->f = fopen(fn, "r");
+  p->f = fopen(fn, "rb");
   if (p->f == NULL) {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot open program file. (%s)\n", args->prog, fn);
     return -1;
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ load_file(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrbc_args *args)
   }
   else {
     need_close = TRUE;
-    if ((infile = fopen(input, "r")) == NULL) {
+    if ((infile = fopen(input, "rb")) == NULL) {
       fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot open program file. (%s)\n", args->prog, input);
       return mrb_nil_value();
     }
diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/parse.y b/mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/parse.y
index cf5f5230f..de875a1ae 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/parse.y
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/parse.y
@@ -74,8 +74,6 @@ typedef unsigned int stack_type;
 #define NUM_SUFFIX_R   (1<<0)
 #define NUM_SUFFIX_I   (1<<1)
 
-#define NUMPARAM_MAX 9
-
 static inline mrb_sym
 intern_cstr_gen(parser_state *p, const char *s)
 {
@@ -840,7 +838,7 @@ new_block_arg(parser_state *p, node *a)
 }
 
 static node*
-setup_args(parser_state *p, node *a)
+setup_numparams(parser_state *p, node *a)
 {
   int nvars = intn(p->nvars->cdr);
   if (nvars > 0) {
@@ -849,7 +847,8 @@ setup_args(parser_state *p, node *a)
     // m || opt || rest || tail
     if (a && (a->car || (a->cdr && a->cdr->car) || (a->cdr->cdr && a->cdr->cdr->car) || (a->cdr->cdr->cdr->cdr && a->cdr->cdr->cdr->cdr->car))) {
       yyerror(p, "ordinary parameter is defined");
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
       node* args = 0;
       for (i = nvars; i > 0; i--) {
         char buf[3];
@@ -871,7 +870,7 @@ setup_args(parser_state *p, node *a)
 static node*
 new_block(parser_state *p, node *a, node *b)
 {
-  a = setup_args(p, a);
+  a = setup_numparams(p, a);
   return list4((node*)NODE_BLOCK, locals_node(p), a, b);
 }
 
@@ -879,7 +878,6 @@ new_block(parser_state *p, node *a, node *b)
 static node*
 new_lambda(parser_state *p, node *a, node *b)
 {
-  a = setup_args(p, a);
   return list4((node*)NODE_LAMBDA, locals_node(p), a, b);
 }
 
@@ -2482,7 +2480,6 @@ primary         : literal
                 | tLAMBDA
                     {
                       local_nest(p);
-                      nvars_nest(p);
                       $<num>$ = p->lpar_beg;
                       p->lpar_beg = ++p->paren_nest;
                     }
@@ -2496,7 +2493,6 @@ primary         : literal
                       p->lpar_beg = $<num>2;
                       $$ = new_lambda(p, $3, $5);
                       local_unnest(p);
-                      nvars_unnest(p);
                       p->cmdarg_stack = $<stack>4;
                       CMDARG_LEXPOP();
                     }
@@ -3988,6 +3984,13 @@ nextc(parser_state *p)
   if (c >= 0) {
     p->column++;
   }
+  if (c == '\r') {
+    const int lf = nextc(p);
+    if (lf == '\n') {
+      return '\n';
+    }
+    pushback(p, lf);
+  }
   return c;
 
   eof:
@@ -5952,32 +5955,27 @@ parser_yylex(parser_state *p)
       break;
 
     case '_':
-      if (toklen(p) == 2 && ISDIGIT(tok(p)[1])) {
+      if (toklen(p) == 2 && ISDIGIT(tok(p)[1]) && p->nvars) {
         int n = tok(p)[1] - '0';
-        node *nvars = p->nvars->car;
 
-        while (nvars) {
-          if (intn(nvars->cdr) > 0) {
+        if (n > 0) {
+          node *nvars = p->nvars->car;
+
+          while (nvars) {
+            if (intn(nvars->cdr) > 0) {
+              yywarning(p, "numbered parameter in nested block");
+              break;
+            }
+            nvars->cdr = nint(-1);
+            nvars = nvars->car;
+          }
+          if (intn(p->nvars->cdr) < 0) {
             yywarning(p, "numbered parameter in nested block");
-            break;
           }
-          nvars->cdr = nint(-1);
-          nvars = nvars->car;
-        }
-        if (intn(p->nvars->cdr) < 0) {
-          yywarning(p, "numbered parameter in nested block");
-        }
-        if (n == 0) {
-          yyerror(p, "_0 is not available");
-          return 0;
-        }
-        if (n > NUMPARAM_MAX) {
-          yyerror(p, "too large numbered parameter");
-          return 0;
+          pylval.num = n;
+          p->lstate = EXPR_END;
+          return tNUMPARAM;
         }
-        pylval.num = n;
-        p->lstate = EXPR_END;
-        return tNUMPARAM;
       }
       /* fall through */
     default:
diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-io/mrblib/file.rb b/mrbgems/mruby-io/mrblib/file.rb
index 710333d6f..d3a4b1ec7 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-io/mrblib/file.rb
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-io/mrblib/file.rb
@@ -55,46 +55,46 @@ class File < IO
     s
   end
 
-  def self.expand_path(path, default_dir = '.')
-    def concat_path(path, base_path)
-      if path[0] == "/" || path[1] == ':' # Windows root!
-        expanded_path = path
-      elsif path[0] == "~"
-        if (path[1] == "/" || path[1] == nil)
-          dir = path[1, path.size]
-          home_dir = _gethome
-
-          unless home_dir
-            raise ArgumentError, "couldn't find HOME environment -- expanding '~'"
-          end
-
-          expanded_path = home_dir
-          expanded_path += dir if dir
-          expanded_path += "/"
-        else
-          splitted_path = path.split("/")
-          user = splitted_path[0][1, splitted_path[0].size]
-          dir = "/" + splitted_path[1, splitted_path.size].join("/")
+  def self._concat_path(path, base_path)
+    if path[0] == "/" || path[1] == ':' # Windows root!
+      expanded_path = path
+    elsif path[0] == "~"
+      if (path[1] == "/" || path[1] == nil)
+        dir = path[1, path.size]
+        home_dir = _gethome
+
+        unless home_dir
+          raise ArgumentError, "couldn't find HOME environment -- expanding '~'"
+        end
 
-          home_dir = _gethome(user)
+        expanded_path = home_dir
+        expanded_path += dir if dir
+        expanded_path += "/"
+      else
+        splitted_path = path.split("/")
+        user = splitted_path[0][1, splitted_path[0].size]
+        dir = "/" + splitted_path[1, splitted_path.size].join("/")
 
-          unless home_dir
-            raise ArgumentError, "user #{user} doesn't exist"
-          end
+        home_dir = _gethome(user)
 
-          expanded_path = home_dir
-          expanded_path += dir if dir
-          expanded_path += "/"
+        unless home_dir
+          raise ArgumentError, "user #{user} doesn't exist"
         end
-      else
-        expanded_path = concat_path(base_path, _getwd)
-        expanded_path += "/" + path
-      end
 
-      expanded_path
+        expanded_path = home_dir
+        expanded_path += dir if dir
+        expanded_path += "/"
+      end
+    else
+      expanded_path = _concat_path(base_path, _getwd)
+      expanded_path += "/" + path
     end
 
-    expanded_path = concat_path(path, default_dir)
+    expanded_path
+  end
+
+  def self.expand_path(path, default_dir = '.')
+    expanded_path = _concat_path(path, default_dir)
     drive_prefix = ""
     if File::ALT_SEPARATOR && expanded_path.size > 2 &&
         ("A".."Z").include?(expanded_path[0].upcase) && expanded_path[1] == ":"
diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file.c b/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file.c
index f9ccb6148..673decc20 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file.c
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file.c
@@ -7,12 +7,7 @@
 #include "mruby/data.h"
 #include "mruby/string.h"
 #include "mruby/ext/io.h"
-
-#if MRUBY_RELEASE_NO < 10000
-#include "error.h"
-#else
 #include "mruby/error.h"
-#endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file_test.c b/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file_test.c
index 445bafde9..aadd1ac1c 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file_test.c
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/file_test.c
@@ -7,12 +7,7 @@
 #include "mruby/data.h"
 #include "mruby/string.h"
 #include "mruby/ext/io.h"
-
-#if MRUBY_RELEASE_NO < 10000
-#include "error.h"
-#else
 #include "mruby/error.h"
-#endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/io.c b/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/io.c
index 5bc88e047..32128fa07 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/io.c
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-io/src/io.c
@@ -10,12 +10,7 @@
 #include "mruby/string.h"
 #include "mruby/variable.h"
 #include "mruby/ext/io.h"
-
-#if MRUBY_RELEASE_NO < 10000
-#include "error.h"
-#else
 #include "mruby/error.h"
-#endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
@@ -66,14 +61,6 @@ static int mrb_io_modestr_to_flags(mrb_state *mrb, const char *modestr);
 static int mrb_io_flags_to_modenum(mrb_state *mrb, int flags);
 static void fptr_finalize(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_io *fptr, int quiet);
 
-#if MRUBY_RELEASE_NO < 10000
-static struct RClass *
-mrb_module_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name)
-{
-  return mrb_class_get(mrb, name);
-}
-#endif
-
 static struct mrb_io *
 io_get_open_fptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-metaprog/src/metaprog.c b/mrbgems/mruby-metaprog/src/metaprog.c
index bca8ab34c..f00c4493b 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-metaprog/src/metaprog.c
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-metaprog/src/metaprog.c
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ mrb_local_variables(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 KHASH_DECLARE(st, mrb_sym, char, FALSE)
 
 static void
-method_entry_loop(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* klass, khash_t(st)* set)
+method_entry_loop(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *klass, khash_t(st) *set, khash_t(st) *undef)
 {
   khint_t i;
 
@@ -181,20 +181,28 @@ method_entry_loop(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* klass, khash_t(st)* set)
   for (i=0;i<kh_end(h);i++) {
     if (kh_exist(h, i)) {
       mrb_method_t m = kh_value(h, i);
-      if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) continue;
-      kh_put(st, mrb, set, kh_key(h, i));
+      if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {
+        if (undef) {
+          kh_put(st, mrb, undef, kh_key(h, i));
+        }
+      }
+      else if (undef == NULL ||
+               kh_get(st, mrb, undef, kh_key(h, i)) == kh_end(undef)) {
+        kh_put(st, mrb, set, kh_key(h, i));
+      }
     }
   }
 }
 
 static mrb_value
-mrb_class_instance_method_list(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_bool recur, struct RClass* klass, int obj)
+mrb_class_instance_method_list(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_bool recur, struct RClass *klass, int obj)
 {
   khint_t i;
   mrb_value ary;
   mrb_bool prepended = FALSE;
-  struct RClass* oldklass;
-  khash_t(st)* set = kh_init(st, mrb);
+  struct RClass *oldklass;
+  khash_t(st) *set = kh_init(st, mrb);
+  khash_t(st) *undef = (recur ? kh_init(st, mrb) : NULL);
 
   if (!recur && (klass->flags & MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_PREPENDED)) {
     MRB_CLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
@@ -203,7 +211,7 @@ mrb_class_instance_method_list(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_bool recur, struct RClass* kl
 
   oldklass = 0;
   while (klass && (klass != oldklass)) {
-    method_entry_loop(mrb, klass, set);
+    method_entry_loop(mrb, klass, set, undef);
     if ((klass->tt == MRB_TT_ICLASS && !prepended) ||
         (klass->tt == MRB_TT_SCLASS)) {
     }
@@ -221,6 +229,7 @@ mrb_class_instance_method_list(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_bool recur, struct RClass* kl
     }
   }
   kh_destroy(st, mrb, set);
+  if (undef) kh_destroy(st, mrb, undef);
 
   return ary;
 }
@@ -313,18 +322,19 @@ mrb_obj_singleton_methods(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_bool recur, mrb_value obj)
 {
   khint_t i;
   mrb_value ary;
-  struct RClass* klass;
-  khash_t(st)* set = kh_init(st, mrb);
+  struct RClass *klass;
+  khash_t(st) *set = kh_init(st, mrb);
+  khash_t(st) *undef = (recur ? kh_init(st, mrb) : NULL);
 
   klass = mrb_class(mrb, obj);
 
   if (klass && (klass->tt == MRB_TT_SCLASS)) {
-      method_entry_loop(mrb, klass, set);
+      method_entry_loop(mrb, klass, set, undef);
       klass = klass->super;
   }
   if (recur) {
       while (klass && ((klass->tt == MRB_TT_SCLASS) || (klass->tt == MRB_TT_ICLASS))) {
-        method_entry_loop(mrb, klass, set);
+        method_entry_loop(mrb, klass, set, undef);
         klass = klass->super;
       }
   }
@@ -336,6 +346,7 @@ mrb_obj_singleton_methods(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_bool recur, mrb_value obj)
     }
   }
   kh_destroy(st, mrb, set);
+  if (undef) kh_destroy(st, mrb, undef);
 
   return ary;
 }
diff --git a/src/class.c b/src/class.c
index 0da572b0e..700bf5485 100644
--- a/src/class.c
+++ b/src/class.c
@@ -285,11 +285,9 @@ mrb_define_class(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name, struct RClass *super)
 static mrb_value mrb_bob_init(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value);
 #ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
 static void mc_clear_all(mrb_state *mrb);
-static void mc_clear_by_class(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass*);
 static void mc_clear_by_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass*, mrb_sym);
 #else
 #define mc_clear_all(mrb)
-#define mc_clear_by_class(mrb,c)
 #define mc_clear_by_id(mrb,c,s)
 #endif
 
@@ -303,7 +301,7 @@ mrb_class_inherited(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *super, struct RClass *klass)
     super = mrb->object_class;
   super->flags |= MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_INHERITED;
   s = mrb_obj_value(super);
-  mc_clear_by_class(mrb, klass);
+  mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb, klass);
   mid = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "inherited");
   if (!mrb_func_basic_p(mrb, s, mid, mrb_bob_init)) {
     mrb_value c = mrb_obj_value(klass);
@@ -1109,7 +1107,7 @@ include_module_at(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, struct RClass *ins_pos, stru
     m->flags |= MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_INHERITED;
     ins_pos->super = ic;
     mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)ins_pos, (struct RBasic*)ic);
-    mc_clear_by_class(mrb, ins_pos);
+    mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb, ins_pos);
     ins_pos = ic;
   skip:
     m = m->super;
@@ -1322,8 +1320,8 @@ mc_clear_all(mrb_state *mrb)
   }
 }
 
-static void
-mc_clear_by_class(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c)
+void
+mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c)
 {
   struct mrb_cache_entry *mc = mrb->cache;
   int i;
diff --git a/src/error.c b/src/error.c
index 126cd23fb..8ce92cef4 100644
--- a/src/error.c
+++ b/src/error.c
@@ -302,7 +302,11 @@ mrb_vformat(mrb_state *mrb, const char *format, va_list ap)
           mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
           break;
         case 'n':
+#if UINT32_MAX < INT_MAX
+          obj = mrb_symbol_value((mrb_sym)va_arg(ap, int));
+#else
           obj = mrb_symbol_value(va_arg(ap, mrb_sym));
+#endif
           goto L_cat_obj;
         case 's':
           chars = va_arg(ap, char*);
diff --git a/src/gc.c b/src/gc.c
index 40c85a373..8d9a1806c 100644
--- a/src/gc.c
+++ b/src/gc.c
@@ -807,10 +807,12 @@ obj_free(mrb_state *mrb, struct RBasic *obj, int end)
   case MRB_TT_SCLASS:
     mrb_gc_free_mt(mrb, (struct RClass*)obj);
     mrb_gc_free_iv(mrb, (struct RObject*)obj);
+    mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb, (struct RClass*)obj);
     break;
   case MRB_TT_ICLASS:
     if (MRB_FLAG_TEST(obj, MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_ORIGIN))
       mrb_gc_free_mt(mrb, (struct RClass*)obj);
+    mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb, (struct RClass*)obj);
     break;
   case MRB_TT_ENV:
     {
diff --git a/tasks/gitlab.rake b/tasks/gitlab.rake
index 471172377..97adb5835 100644
--- a/tasks/gitlab.rake
+++ b/tasks/gitlab.rake
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ task :gitlab_config do
         'stage' => 'test',
         'image' => ci_docker_tag(compiler),
         'variables' => hash,
-        'script' => 'env; ./minirake --verbose all test'
+        'script' => 'env; rake --verbose all test'
       }
     end
   end
diff --git a/tasks/toolchains/android.rake b/tasks/toolchains/android.rake
index c7df9ef80..0ac4d000c 100644
--- a/tasks/toolchains/android.rake
+++ b/tasks/toolchains/android.rake
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Set ANDROID_PLATFORM environment variable or set :platform parameter
   end
 
   def home_path
-    @home_path ||= Pathname(
+    @home_path ||= Pathname.new(
       params[:ndk_home] ||
       ENV['ANDROID_NDK_HOME'] ||
       DEFAULT_NDK_HOMES.find { |path|
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Set ANDROID_PLATFORM environment variable or set :platform parameter
         path = home_path.join('toolchains', 'llvm' , 'prebuilt', 'windows*')
         Dir.glob(path.to_s){ |item|
           next if File.file?(item)
-          path = Pathname(item)
+          path = Pathname.new(item)
           break
         }
         path.basename
diff --git a/tasks/toolchains/gcc.rake b/tasks/toolchains/gcc.rake
index 1a28026bf..e9ea2550c 100644
--- a/tasks/toolchains/gcc.rake
+++ b/tasks/toolchains/gcc.rake
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ MRuby::Toolchain.new(:gcc) do |conf, params|
     compiler.option_include_path = '-I%s'
     compiler.option_define = '-D%s'
     compiler.compile_options = '%{flags} -MMD -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}'
-    compiler.cxx_compile_flag = '-x c++ -std=c++03'
+    compiler.cxx_compile_flag = '-x c++ -std=gnu++03'
     compiler.cxx_exception_flag = '-fexceptions'
     compiler.cxx_invalid_flags = c_mandatory_flags + cxx_invalid_flags
   end
diff --git a/test/t/syntax.rb b/test/t/syntax.rb
index af63fcef9..436c06601 100644
--- a/test/t/syntax.rb
+++ b/test/t/syntax.rb
@@ -672,11 +672,12 @@ assert 'keyword arguments' do
   assert_equal([:a, nil, :c], m(a: :a, c: :c))
 end
 
-
 assert('numbered parameters') do
   assert_equal(15, [1,2,3,4,5].reduce {_1+_2})
-  assert_equal(3, ->{_1+_2}.call(1,2))
-  assert_equal(4, ->(a=->{_1}){a}.call.call(4))
-  assert_equal(5, -> a: ->{_1} {a}.call.call(5))
   assert_equal(45, Proc.new do _1 + _2 + _3 + _4 + _5 + _6 + _7 + _8 + _9 end.call(*[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
 end
+
+assert('_0 is not numbered parameter') do
+  _0 = :l
+  assert_equal(:l, ->{_0}.call)
+end