Usage change: comparison is no longer enabled when specifying i_val for cvec, cdeq and clist (like cstack and cqueue). Comparison functions are still required when specifying i_valclass. For fundamental/native types like integers, floats etc., define i_native_cmp along with i_val instead of i_less/i_cmp/i_eq.

26 files changed, 176 insertions, 137 deletions

diff --git a/include/stc/carc.h b/include/stc/carc.h
index 2096b968..db0cdcec 100644
--- a/include/stc/carc.h
+++ b/include/stc/carc.h
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ typedef struct { cstr name, last; } Person;
 Person Person_make(const char* name, const char* last) {
     return (Person){.name = cstr_from(name), .last = cstr_from(last)};
 }
+Person Person_clone(Person p) {
+    p.name = cstr_clone(p.name);
+    p.last = cstr_clone(p.last);
+    return p;
+}
 void Person_drop(Person* p) {
     printf("drop: %s %s\n", cstr_str(&p->name), cstr_str(&p->last));
     cstr_drop(&p->name);
@@ -37,8 +42,8 @@ void Person_drop(Person* p) {
 }
 
 #define i_type ArcPers
-#define i_key Person
-#define i_keydrop Person_drop
+#define i_valclass Person    // clone, drop, cmp, hash
+#define i_opt c_no_cmp|c_no_hash  // exclude cmp, hash
 #include <stc/carc.h>
 
 int main() {
@@ -77,14 +82,7 @@ int main() {
 #endif // CARC_H_INCLUDED
 
 #define _i_prefix carc_
-#if !defined i_cmp && !defined i_less && \
-    !defined i_valclass && !defined i_valboxed && \
-    !defined i_val_str && !defined i_val_ssv
-  #if !defined i_eq
-    #define i_eq(x, y) x == y
-  #endif
-  #define i_less(x, y) x < y
-#endif
+#define _i_carc
 #include "priv/template.h"
 typedef i_keyraw _cx_raw;
 
@@ -178,32 +176,53 @@ STC_INLINE void _cx_MEMB(_assign)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_Self ptr) {
     *self = ptr;
 }
 
-#ifndef i_no_cmp
-STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_raw_cmp)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
-    { return i_cmp(rx, ry); }
+#if defined _i_has_cmp
+    STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_raw_cmp)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
+        { return i_cmp(rx, ry); }
 
-STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_cmp)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
-    _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get), ry = i_keyto(other->get);
-    return i_cmp((&rx), (&ry));
-}
+    STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_cmp)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
+        _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get), ry = i_keyto(other->get);
+        return i_cmp((&rx), (&ry));
+    }
+#else
+    STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_raw_cmp)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
+        { return c_default_cmp(&rx, &ry); }
 
-STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_raw_eq)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
-    { return i_eq(rx, ry); }
+    STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_cmp)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
+        return c_default_cmp(&self->get, &other->get);
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
+    STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_raw_eq)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
+        { return i_eq(rx, ry); }
 
-STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
-    _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get), ry = i_keyto(other->get);
-    return i_eq((&rx), (&ry));
-}
+    STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
+        _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get), ry = i_keyto(other->get);
+        return i_eq((&rx), (&ry));
+    }
+#else
+    STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_raw_eq)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
+        { return rx == ry; }
+
+    STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
+        return self->get == other->get;
+    }
 #endif
+#if defined i_hash
+    STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_raw_hash)(const _cx_raw* rx)
+        { return i_hash(rx); }
 
-#ifndef i_no_hash
-STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_raw_hash)(const _cx_raw* rx)
-    { return i_hash(rx); }
+    STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_hash)(const _cx_Self* self)
+        { return i_hash(self->get); }
+#else
+    STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_raw_hash)(const _cx_raw* rx)
+        { return c_default_hash(&rx); }
 
-STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_hash)(const _cx_Self* self)
-    { _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get); return i_hash((&rx)); }
+    STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_hash)(const _cx_Self* self)
+        { return c_default_hash(&self->get); }
 #endif
 
 #undef _i_atomic_inc
 #undef _i_atomic_dec_and_test
 #include "priv/template2.h"
+#undef _i_carc
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/stc/cbox.h b/include/stc/cbox.h
index 24de71d4..c8d919b2 100644
--- a/include/stc/cbox.h
+++ b/include/stc/cbox.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 /* cbox: heap allocated boxed type
 #define i_implement
 #include <stc/cstr.h>
+#include <stc/algo/raii.h> // c_auto
 
 typedef struct { cstr name, email; } Person;
 
@@ -41,8 +42,9 @@ void Person_drop(Person* p) {
     c_drop(cstr, &p->name, &p->email);
 }
 
-#define i_keyclass Person // bind Person clone+drop fn's
 #define i_type PBox
+#define i_valclass Person // bind Person clone+drop fn's
+#define i_no_cmp          // no cmp/hash is defined
 #include <stc/cbox.h>
 
 int main() {
@@ -70,14 +72,7 @@ int main() {
 #endif // CBOX_H_INCLUDED
 
 #define _i_prefix cbox_
-#if !defined i_cmp && !defined i_less && \
-    !defined i_valclass && !defined i_valboxed && \
-    !defined i_val_str && !defined i_val_ssv
-  #if !defined i_eq
-    #define i_eq(x, y) x == y
-  #endif
-  #define i_less(x, y) x < y
-#endif
+#define _i_cbox
 #include "priv/template.h"
 typedef i_keyraw _cx_raw;
 
@@ -164,30 +159,50 @@ STC_INLINE void _cx_MEMB(_assign)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_Self* moved) {
     moved->get = NULL;
 }
 
-#ifndef i_no_cmp
-STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_raw_cmp)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
-    { return i_cmp(rx, ry); }
-
-STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_cmp)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
-    _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get), ry = i_keyto(other->get);
-    return i_cmp((&rx), (&ry));
-}
+#if defined _i_has_cmp
+    STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_raw_cmp)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
+        { return i_cmp(rx, ry); }
 
-STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_raw_eq)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
-    { return i_eq(rx, ry); }
+    STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_cmp)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
+        _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get), ry = i_keyto(other->get);
+        return i_cmp((&rx), (&ry));
+    }
+#else
+    STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_raw_cmp)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
+        { return c_default_cmp(&rx, &ry); }
 
-STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
-    _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get), ry = i_keyto(other->get);
-    return i_eq((&rx), (&ry));
-}
+    STC_INLINE int _cx_MEMB(_cmp)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
+        return c_default_cmp(&self->get, &other->get);
+    }
 #endif
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
+    STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_raw_eq)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
+        { return i_eq(rx, ry); }
 
-#ifndef i_no_hash
-STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_raw_hash)(const _cx_raw* rx)
-    { return i_hash(rx); }
+    STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
+        _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get), ry = i_keyto(other->get);
+        return i_eq((&rx), (&ry));
+    }
+#else
+    STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_raw_eq)(const _cx_raw* rx, const _cx_raw* ry)
+        { return rx == ry; }
 
-STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_hash)(const _cx_Self* self)
-    { _cx_raw rx = i_keyto(self->get); return i_hash((&rx)); }
+    STC_INLINE bool _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
+        return self->get == other->get;
+    }
 #endif
+#if defined i_hash
+    STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_raw_hash)(const _cx_raw* rx)
+        { return i_hash(rx); }
 
+    STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_hash)(const _cx_Self* self)
+        { return i_hash(self->get); }
+#else
+    STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_raw_hash)(const _cx_raw* rx)
+        { return c_default_hash(&rx); }
+
+    STC_INLINE uint64_t _cx_MEMB(_hash)(const _cx_Self* self)
+        { return c_default_hash(&self->get); }
+#endif
 #include "priv/template2.h"
+#undef _i_cbox
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/stc/ccommon.h b/include/stc/ccommon.h
index 5f280218..bbf1579b 100644
--- a/include/stc/ccommon.h
+++ b/include/stc/ccommon.h
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@
 #define c_no_clone              (1<<2)
 #define c_no_emplace            (1<<3)
 #define c_no_cmp                (1<<4)
-#define c_no_hash               (1<<5)
-
+#define c_native_cmp            (1<<5)
+#define c_no_hash               (1<<6)
 /* Function macros and others */
 
 #define c_litstrlen(literal) (c_sizeof("" literal) - 1)
diff --git a/include/stc/cdeq.h b/include/stc/cdeq.h
index 06dfdb82..2db040f1 100644
--- a/include/stc/cdeq.h
+++ b/include/stc/cdeq.h
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_emplace_at)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_iter it, const _cx_raw raw)
     { return _cx_MEMB(_insert_at)(self, it, i_keyfrom(raw)); }
 #endif
 
-#if defined _i_has_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_API _cx_iter _cx_MEMB(_find_in)(_cx_iter p1, _cx_iter p2, _cx_raw raw);
 
 STC_INLINE _cx_iter
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_emplace_n)(_cx_Self* self, const intptr_t idx, const _cx_raw* raw, con
 }
 #endif
 
-#if defined _i_has_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_DEF _cx_iter
 _cx_MEMB(_find_in)(_cx_iter i1, _cx_iter i2, _cx_raw raw) {
     for (; i1.pos != i2.pos; _cx_MEMB(_next)(&i1)) {
diff --git a/include/stc/clist.h b/include/stc/clist.h
index 0785a6af..38358d73 100644
--- a/include/stc/clist.h
+++ b/include/stc/clist.h
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ STC_API _cx_value*      _cx_MEMB(_push_front)(_cx_Self* self, i_key value);
 STC_API _cx_iter        _cx_MEMB(_insert_at)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_iter it, i_key value);
 STC_API _cx_iter        _cx_MEMB(_erase_at)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_iter it);
 STC_API _cx_iter        _cx_MEMB(_erase_range)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_iter it1, _cx_iter it2);
-#if !defined i_no_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_API _cx_iter        _cx_MEMB(_find_in)(_cx_iter it1, _cx_iter it2, _cx_raw val);
 STC_API intptr_t        _cx_MEMB(_remove)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_raw val);
 #endif
-#ifndef i_no_cmp
+#if defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_API bool            _cx_MEMB(_sort_with)(_cx_Self* self, int(*cmp)(const _cx_value*, const _cx_value*));
 STC_API int             _cx_MEMB(_sort_cmp_)(const _cx_value*, const _cx_value*);
 STC_INLINE bool         _cx_MEMB(_sort)(_cx_Self* self)
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_splice_range)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_iter it,
     return _cx_MEMB(_splice)(self, it, &tmp);
 }
 
-#if !defined i_no_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_INLINE _cx_iter
 _cx_MEMB(_find)(const _cx_Self* self, _cx_raw val) {
     return _cx_MEMB(_find_in)(_cx_MEMB(_begin)(self), _cx_MEMB(_end)(self), val);
@@ -350,8 +350,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_split_off)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_iter it1, _cx_iter it2) {
     return lst;
 }
 
-#if !defined i_no_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
-
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_DEF _cx_iter
 _cx_MEMB(_find_in)(_cx_iter it1, _cx_iter it2, _cx_raw val) {
     c_foreach (it, _cx_Self, it1, it2) {
@@ -379,7 +378,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_remove)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_raw val) {
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef i_no_cmp
+#if defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_DEF int _cx_MEMB(_sort_cmp_)(const _cx_value* x, const _cx_value* y) {
     const _cx_raw a = i_keyto(x), b = i_keyto(y);
     return i_cmp((&a), (&b));
@@ -401,7 +400,7 @@ STC_DEF bool _cx_MEMB(_sort_with)(_cx_Self* self, int(*cmp)(const _cx_value*, co
         *i.ref = *p;
     i_free(a); return true;
 }
-#endif // !c_no_cmp
+#endif // _i_has_cmp
 #endif // i_implement
 #define CLIST_H_INCLUDED
 #include "priv/template2.h"
diff --git a/include/stc/cqueue.h b/include/stc/cqueue.h
index 6eee712b..e9f1b877 100644
--- a/include/stc/cqueue.h
+++ b/include/stc/cqueue.h
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ STC_INLINE _cx_value*   _cx_MEMB(_emplace)(_cx_Self* self, _cx_raw raw)
                             { return _cx_MEMB(_push)(self, i_keyfrom(raw)); }
 #endif
 
-#if defined _i_has_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
-STC_API bool _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other);
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
+STC_API bool            _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other);
 #endif
 
 #if !defined i_no_clone
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_clone)(_cx_Self cx) {
 }
 #endif // i_no_clone
 
-#if defined _i_has_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_DEF bool
 _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
     if (_cx_MEMB(_size)(self) != _cx_MEMB(_size)(other)) return false;
diff --git a/include/stc/cstr.h b/include/stc/cstr.h
index ce42cf8d..0f217f53 100644
--- a/include/stc/cstr.h
+++ b/include/stc/cstr.h
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ cstr cstr_tocase(csview sv, int k) {
 #endif // i_import
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined i_import || defined i_implement
+#if defined i_implement
 #ifndef CSTR_C_INCLUDED
 #define CSTR_C_INCLUDED
 
diff --git a/include/stc/csview.h b/include/stc/csview.h
index 07ab4059..f960968c 100644
--- a/include/stc/csview.h
+++ b/include/stc/csview.h
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ STC_INLINE csview cstr_u8_substr(const cstr* self , intptr_t bytepos, intptr_t u
 #endif
 
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
-#if defined i_import || defined i_implement
+#if defined i_implement
 #ifndef CSVIEW_C_INCLUDED
 #define CSVIEW_C_INCLUDED
 
diff --git a/include/stc/cvec.h b/include/stc/cvec.h
index 3213dd1c..6806e2bc 100644
--- a/include/stc/cvec.h
+++ b/include/stc/cvec.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct MyStruct {
 #include <stc/cvec.h>
 
 #define i_key int
-#define i_is_forward // forward declared
+#define i_is_forward
 #define i_tag i32
 #include <stc/cvec.h>
 
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ STC_API bool            _cx_MEMB(_resize)(_cx_Self* self, intptr_t size, i_key n
 STC_API _cx_value*      _cx_MEMB(_push)(_cx_Self* self, i_key value);
 STC_API _cx_iter        _cx_MEMB(_erase_n)(_cx_Self* self, intptr_t idx, intptr_t n);
 STC_API _cx_iter        _cx_MEMB(_insert_uninit)(_cx_Self* self, intptr_t idx, intptr_t n);
-#if !defined i_no_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_API _cx_iter        _cx_MEMB(_find_in)(_cx_iter it1, _cx_iter it2, _cx_raw raw);
 #endif
-#ifndef i_no_cmp
+#if defined _i_has_cmp
 STC_API int             _cx_MEMB(_value_cmp)(const _cx_value* x, const _cx_value* y);
 STC_API _cx_iter        _cx_MEMB(_binary_search_in)(_cx_iter it1, _cx_iter it2, _cx_raw raw, _cx_iter* lower_bound);
 #endif
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ STC_INLINE intptr_t _cx_MEMB(_index)(const _cx_Self* self, _cx_iter it)
 STC_INLINE void _cx_MEMB(_adjust_end_)(_cx_Self* self, intptr_t n)
     { self->_len += n; }
 
-#if !defined i_no_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 
 STC_INLINE _cx_iter
 _cx_MEMB(_find)(const _cx_Self* self, _cx_raw raw) {
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_eq)(const _cx_Self* self, const _cx_Self* other) {
     return true;
 }
 #endif
-#ifndef i_no_cmp
+#if defined _i_has_cmp
 
 STC_INLINE _cx_iter
 _cx_MEMB(_binary_search)(const _cx_Self* self, _cx_raw raw) {
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ STC_INLINE void
 _cx_MEMB(_sort)(_cx_Self* self) {
     _cx_MEMB(_sort_range)(_cx_MEMB(_begin)(self), _cx_MEMB(_end)(self), _cx_MEMB(_value_cmp));
 }
-#endif // !c_no_cmp
+#endif // _i_has_cmp
 /* -------------------------- IMPLEMENTATION ------------------------- */
 #if defined(i_implement) || defined(i_static)
 
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_emplace_n)(_cx_Self* self, const intptr_t idx, const _cx_raw raw[], in
     return it;
 }
 #endif // !i_no_emplace
-#if !defined i_no_cmp || defined _i_has_eq
+#if defined _i_has_eq || defined _i_has_cmp
 
 STC_DEF _cx_iter
 _cx_MEMB(_find_in)(_cx_iter i1, _cx_iter i2, _cx_raw raw) {
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ _cx_MEMB(_find_in)(_cx_iter i1, _cx_iter i2, _cx_raw raw) {
     return i2;
 }
 #endif
-#ifndef i_no_cmp
+#if defined _i_has_cmp
 
 STC_DEF _cx_iter
 _cx_MEMB(_binary_search_in)(_cx_iter i1, _cx_iter i2, const _cx_raw raw,
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ STC_DEF int _cx_MEMB(_value_cmp)(const _cx_value* x, const _cx_value* y) {
     const _cx_raw ry = i_keyto(y);
     return i_cmp((&rx), (&ry));
 }
-#endif // !c_no_cmp
+#endif // _i_has_cmp
 #endif // i_implement
 #define CVEC_H_INCLUDED
 #include "priv/template2.h"
diff --git a/include/stc/priv/template.h b/include/stc/priv/template.h
index c1b7c1e7..03c27bdb 100644
--- a/include/stc/priv/template.h
+++ b/include/stc/priv/template.h
@@ -102,12 +102,6 @@
 #if c_option(c_no_emplace)
   #define i_no_emplace
 #endif
-#ifdef i_eq
-  #define _i_has_eq
-#endif
-#if defined i_cmp || defined i_less
-  #define _i_has_cmp
-#endif
 
 #if defined i_key_str
   #define i_keyclass cstr
@@ -155,10 +149,10 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef i_rawclass
-  #if !defined i_cmp && !defined i_no_cmp
+  #if !(defined i_cmp || defined i_no_cmp)
     #define i_cmp c_PASTE(i_keyraw, _cmp)
   #endif
-  #if !defined i_hash && !defined i_no_hash
+  #if !(defined i_hash || defined i_no_hash || defined i_no_cmp)
     #define i_hash c_PASTE(i_keyraw, _hash)
   #endif
 #endif
@@ -176,7 +170,7 @@
 #ifndef i_tag
   #define i_tag i_key
 #endif
-#if c_option(c_no_clone)
+#if c_option(c_no_clone) || defined _i_carc 
   #define i_no_clone
 #elif !(defined i_keyclone || defined i_no_clone) && (defined i_keydrop || defined i_keyraw)
   #error i_keyclone/valclone should be defined when i_keydrop/valdrop or i_keyraw/valraw is defined
@@ -199,24 +193,33 @@
   #define i_keydrop c_default_drop
 #endif
 
-// i_eq, i_less, i_cmp
-#if !defined i_eq && (defined i_cmp || defined i_less)
-  #define i_eq(x, y) !(i_cmp(x, y))
-#elif !defined i_eq
-  #define i_eq c_default_eq
-#endif
-#if defined i_less && defined i_cmp
-  #error "Only one of i_less and i_cmp may be defined"
-#elif !defined i_less && !defined i_cmp
-  #define i_less c_default_less
-#elif !defined i_less
-  #define i_less(x, y) (i_cmp(x, y)) < 0
-#endif
-#ifndef i_cmp
-  #define i_cmp(x, y) (i_less(y, x)) - (i_less(x, y))
+#ifndef i_no_cmp
+  #if c_option(c_native_cmp) || defined i_native_cmp || defined i_cmp || defined i_less
+    #define _i_has_cmp
+  #endif
+  #if defined i_eq
+    #define _i_has_eq
+  #endif
+  
+  // i_eq, i_less, i_cmp
+  #if !defined i_eq && (defined i_cmp || defined i_less)
+    #define i_eq(x, y) !(i_cmp(x, y))
+  #elif !defined i_eq
+    #define i_eq(x, y) *x == *y
+  #endif
+  #if defined i_cmp && defined i_less
+    #error "Only one of i_cmp and i_less may be defined"
+  #elif defined i_cmp
+    #define i_less(x, y) (i_cmp(x, y)) < 0
+  #elif !defined i_less
+    #define i_less(x, y) *x < *y
+  #endif
+  #ifndef i_cmp
+    #define i_cmp(x, y) (i_less(y, x)) - (i_less(x, y))
+  #endif
 #endif
 
-#ifndef i_hash
+#if !(defined i_hash || defined _i_cbox || defined _i_carc)
   #define i_hash c_default_hash
 #endif
 
diff --git a/include/stc/priv/template2.h b/include/stc/priv/template2.h
index 47b82937..bd8bc5fc 100644
--- a/include/stc/priv/template2.h
+++ b/include/stc/priv/template2.h
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 #undef i_realloc
 #undef i_free
 
+#undef i_native_cmp
 #undef i_no_cmp
 #undef i_no_hash
 #undef i_no_clone
@@ -74,9 +75,9 @@
 #undef i_is_forward
 #undef i_has_emplace
 
+#undef _i_has_cmp
+#undef _i_has_eq
 #undef _i_prefix
 #undef _i_expandby
-#undef _i_has_eq
-#undef _i_has_cmp
 #undef _i_template
 #endif
diff --git a/misc/examples/arc_containers.c b/misc/examples/arc_containers.c
index 7038734e..b05bbea6 100644
--- a/misc/examples/arc_containers.c
+++ b/misc/examples/arc_containers.c
@@ -13,17 +13,15 @@
 #define i_val Map
 #define i_valdrop(p) (printf("drop Arc:\n"), Map_drop(p))
 // no need for atomic ref. count in single thread:
-#define i_opt c_no_atomic|c_no_cmp|c_no_clone
+#define i_opt c_no_atomic
 #include <stc/carc.h>
 
 #define i_type Stack
 #define i_valboxed Arc // define i_valboxed for carc/cbox value (not i_val)
-#define i_opt c_no_cmp
 #include <stc/cvec.h>
 
 #define i_type List
 #define i_valboxed Arc // as above
-#define i_opt c_no_cmp
 #include <stc/clist.h>
 
 int main()
diff --git a/misc/examples/arc_demo.c b/misc/examples/arc_demo.c
index 2339adbb..4cda1c8b 100644
--- a/misc/examples/arc_demo.c
+++ b/misc/examples/arc_demo.c
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ void int_drop(int* x) {
 #define i_type Arc          // set type name to be defined (instead of 'carc_int')
 #define i_val int
 #define i_valdrop int_drop  // optional, just to display the elements destroyed
-#define i_no_clone          // required because of valdrop
+#define i_native_cmp        // use int comparison (x < y, x == y).
 #include <stc/carc.h>       // Arc
 
-#define i_keyboxed Arc    // note: use i_keyboxed instead of i_key for carc/cbox elements
+#define i_keyboxed Arc      // note: use i_keyboxed instead of i_key for carc/cbox elements
 #include <stc/csset.h>      // csset_Arc (like: std::set<std::shared_ptr<int>>)
 
-#define i_valboxed Arc    // note: as above.
+#define i_valboxed Arc      // note: as above.
 #include <stc/cvec.h>       // cvec_Arc (like: std::vector<std::shared_ptr<int>>)
 
 int main()
@@ -25,8 +25,12 @@ int main()
     const int years[] = {2021, 2012, 2022, 2015};
 
     cvec_Arc vec = {0};
-    c_forrange (i, c_arraylen(years))
-        cvec_Arc_push(&vec, Arc_from(years[i]));
+    c_forrange (i, c_arraylen(years)) {
+        cvec_Arc_emplace(&vec, years[i]);
+        // cvec_Arc_push(&vec, Arc_from(years[i])); // alt.
+    }
+
+    cvec_Arc_sort(&vec);
 
     printf("vec:");
     c_foreach (i, cvec_Arc, vec)
diff --git a/misc/examples/arcvec_erase.c b/misc/examples/arcvec_erase.c
index 28160c1c..0b9252d9 100644
--- a/misc/examples/arcvec_erase.c
+++ b/misc/examples/arcvec_erase.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ void show_drop(int* x) { printf("drop: %d\n", *x); }
 #define i_type Arc
 #define i_val int
 #define i_valdrop show_drop
-#define i_no_clone          // required because of valdrop
+#define i_native_cmp        // enable sort/search for int type
 #include <stc/carc.h>       // Shared pointer to int
 
 #define i_type Vec
diff --git a/misc/examples/box2.c b/misc/examples/box2.c
index 963a3815..d3762462 100644
--- a/misc/examples/box2.c
+++ b/misc/examples/box2.c
@@ -15,16 +15,14 @@ typedef struct {
 } Rectangle;
 
 #define i_val Point
-#define i_no_cmp
 #include <stc/cbox.h> // cbox_Point
 
 #define i_val Rectangle
-#define i_no_cmp
 #include <stc/cbox.h> // cbox_Rectangle
 
 // Box in box:
-#define i_valboxed cbox_Point // NB: use i_valboxed when value is a cbox or carc!
 #define i_type BoxBoxPoint
+#define i_valboxed cbox_Point // NB: use i_valboxed when value is a cbox or carc!
 #define i_no_cmp
 #include <stc/cbox.h> // BoxBoxPoint
 
diff --git a/misc/examples/complex.c b/misc/examples/complex.c
index 2d8dbf62..b5ea847a 100644
--- a/misc/examples/complex.c
+++ b/misc/examples/complex.c
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #include <stc/cstack.h>
 
 #define i_type StackList
-#define i_valclass FloatStack  // "class" picks up _clone, _drop
-#define i_opt c_no_cmp         // no FloatStack_cmp()
+#define i_valclass FloatStack  // "class" picks up _clone, _drop, _cmp
+#define i_opt c_no_cmp         // exclude FloatStack_cmp(): not defined
 #include <stc/clist.h>
 
 #define i_type ListMap
diff --git a/misc/examples/csmap_find.c b/misc/examples/csmap_find.c
index c123e398..645828a3 100644
--- a/misc/examples/csmap_find.c
+++ b/misc/examples/csmap_find.c
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include <stc/csmap.h>
 
 #define i_val csmap_istr_raw
-#define i_opt c_no_cmp
 #define i_tag istr
 #include <stc/cvec.h>
 
diff --git a/misc/examples/demos.c b/misc/examples/demos.c
index 8488dfb9..b2f50ebf 100644
--- a/misc/examples/demos.c
+++ b/misc/examples/demos.c
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ void vectordemo2()
 
 #define i_val int
 #define i_tag ix
+#define i_native_cmp
 #include <stc/clist.h>
 
 void listdemo1()
diff --git a/misc/examples/intrusive.c b/misc/examples/intrusive.c
index 0d503575..0d59c5ab 100644
--- a/misc/examples/intrusive.c
+++ b/misc/examples/intrusive.c
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 #define i_type List
 #define i_val int
-#include <stc/clist.h> 
+#define i_native_cmp
+#include <stc/clist.h>
 
 void printList(List list) {
     printf("list:");
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ void printList(List list) {
 int main() {
     List list = {0};
     c_forlist (i, int, {6, 9, 3, 1, 7, 4, 5, 2, 8})
-        List_push_back_node(&list, c_new(List_node, {0, *i.ref}));
+        List_push_back_node(&list, c_new(List_node, {.value=*i.ref}));
 
     printList(list);
 
diff --git a/misc/examples/list.c b/misc/examples/list.c
index ed27aa50..08fe837f 100644
--- a/misc/examples/list.c
+++ b/misc/examples/list.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #define i_type DList
 #define i_val double
+#define i_native_cmp
 #include <stc/clist.h>
 
 int main() {
diff --git a/misc/examples/lower_bound.c b/misc/examples/lower_bound.c
index d146c4d9..5b395e45 100644
--- a/misc/examples/lower_bound.c
+++ b/misc/examples/lower_bound.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 #define i_val int
+#define i_native_cmp
 #include <stc/cvec.h>
 
 #define i_val int
diff --git a/misc/examples/music_arc.c b/misc/examples/music_arc.c
index 18ea30c0..4efc35c8 100644
--- a/misc/examples/music_arc.c
+++ b/misc/examples/music_arc.c
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ void Song_drop(Song* s) {
 // Define the shared pointer:
 #define i_type SongArc
 #define i_valclass Song
-#define i_opt c_no_hash // arc require hash fn, disable as we don't need it.
+#define i_no_hash          // no hash fn for Song, fallback hash pointer to Song.
 #include <stc/carc.h>
 
 // ... and a vector of them
 #define i_type SongVec
-#define i_valboxed SongArc // use i_valboxed on carc / cbox instead of i_val
-#include <stc/cstack.h>
+#define i_valboxed SongArc // use i_valboxed on carc / cbox (instead of i_val)
+#include <stc/cvec.h>
 
 void example3()
 {
diff --git a/misc/examples/new_list.c b/misc/examples/new_list.c
index 382943bb..b5ff847e 100644
--- a/misc/examples/new_list.c
+++ b/misc/examples/new_list.c
@@ -27,12 +27,13 @@ int point_cmp(const Point* a, const Point* b) {
 #include <stc/clist.h>
 
 #define i_val float
+#define i_native_cmp               // use < and == operators for comparison 
 #include <stc/clist.h>
 
 void MyStruct_drop(MyStruct* s);
 #define i_type MyList
-#define i_valclass MyStruct        // i_valclass uses MyStruct_drop
-#define i_opt c_no_clone|c_no_cmp
+#define i_valclass MyStruct        // MyStruct contains "class"-types, so define as "class"
+#define i_opt c_no_clone|c_no_cmp  // exclude cloning and comparison support
 #include <stc/clist.h>
 
 void MyStruct_drop(MyStruct* s) {
diff --git a/misc/examples/new_sptr.c b/misc/examples/new_sptr.c
index 36a61f9c..2eff41a5 100644
--- a/misc/examples/new_sptr.c
+++ b/misc/examples/new_sptr.c
@@ -9,15 +9,13 @@ int Person_cmp(const Person* a, const Person* b);
 uint64_t Person_hash(const Person* p);
 
 #define i_type PersonArc
-#define i_valclass Person // "class" ensure Person_drop will be called
-#define i_cmp Person_cmp   // enable carc object comparisons (not ptr to obj)
-#define i_hash Person_hash // enable carc object hash (not ptr to obj)
+#define i_valclass Person // "class" assume _clone, _drop, _cmp, _hash is defined.
 #include <stc/carc.h>
 
 #define i_type IPtr
 #define i_val int
 #define i_valdrop(x) printf("drop: %d\n", *x)
-#define i_no_clone
+#define i_native_cmp
 #include <stc/carc.h>
 
 #define i_type IPStack
diff --git a/misc/examples/new_vec.c b/misc/examples/new_vec.c
index e10910d9..6329b185 100644
--- a/misc/examples/new_vec.c
+++ b/misc/examples/new_vec.c
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@ typedef struct MyStruct {
 } MyStruct;
 
 #define i_val int
-#define i_is_forward
 #define i_tag i32
+#define i_is_forward
 #include <stc/cvec.h>
 
 typedef struct Point { int x, y; } Point;
 
 #define i_val Point
+#define i_tag pnt
 #define i_less(a, b) a->x < b->x || (a->x == b->x && a->y < b->y)
+#define i_eq(a, b) a->x == b->x && a->y == b->y
 #define i_is_forward
-#define i_tag pnt
 #include <stc/cvec.h>
 
 int main()
diff --git a/misc/examples/scheduler.c b/misc/examples/scheduler.c
index 59101b4e..04f7ba4a 100644
--- a/misc/examples/scheduler.c
+++ b/misc/examples/scheduler.c
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ cco_closure(bool, Task,
 
 #define i_type Scheduler
 #define i_val struct Task
-#define i_no_cmp
 #include <stc/cqueue.h>
 
 static bool schedule(Scheduler* sched)