Added the new c_defer(), c_with(), c_withvar() macros into the examples.

22 files changed, 548 insertions, 542 deletions

diff --git a/examples/advanced.c b/examples/advanced.c
index b2dd1e57..6d5486ae 100644
--- a/examples/advanced.c
+++ b/examples/advanced.c
@@ -41,22 +41,22 @@ using_cmap_keydef(vk, Viking, int, vikingraw_equals, vikingraw_hash,
 
 int main()
 {
-    cmap_vk vikings = cmap_vk_init();
-    c_emplace(cmap_vk, vikings, {
-        { {"Einar", "Norway"}, 20},
-        { {"Olaf", "Denmark"}, 24},
-        { {"Harald", "Iceland"}, 12},
-    });
-    VikingRaw bjorn = {"Bjorn", "Sweden"};
-    cmap_vk_emplace_or_assign(&vikings, bjorn, 10);
-
-    VikingRaw einar = {"Einar", "Norway"};
-    cmap_vk_value_t *e = cmap_vk_find(&vikings, einar).ref;
-    e->second += 3; // add 3 hp points to Einar
-    cmap_vk_emplace(&vikings, einar, 0).ref->second += 5; // add 5 more to Einar
-
-    c_foreach (k, cmap_vk, vikings) {
-        printf("%s of %s has %d hp\n", k.ref->first.name.str, k.ref->first.country.str, k.ref->second);
+    c_with (cmap_vk vikings = cmap_vk_init(), cmap_vk_del(&vikings)) {
+        c_emplace(cmap_vk, vikings, {
+            { {"Einar", "Norway"}, 20},
+            { {"Olaf", "Denmark"}, 24},
+            { {"Harald", "Iceland"}, 12},
+        });
+        VikingRaw bjorn = {"Bjorn", "Sweden"};
+        cmap_vk_emplace_or_assign(&vikings, bjorn, 10);
+
+        VikingRaw einar = {"Einar", "Norway"};
+        cmap_vk_value_t *e = cmap_vk_find(&vikings, einar).ref;
+        e->second += 3; // add 3 hp points to Einar
+        cmap_vk_emplace(&vikings, einar, 0).ref->second += 5; // add 5 more to Einar
+
+        c_foreach (k, cmap_vk, vikings) {
+            printf("%s of %s has %d hp\n", k.ref->first.name.str, k.ref->first.country.str, k.ref->second);
+        }
     }
-    cmap_vk_del(&vikings);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/birthday.c b/examples/birthday.c
index b2fc834c..18e9cd77 100644
--- a/examples/birthday.c
+++ b/examples/birthday.c
@@ -34,19 +34,21 @@ void test_distribution(void)
     printf("distribution test: 2^%d values\n", BITS);

     stc64_t rng = stc64_init(seed);

     const size_t N = 1ull << BITS ;

-    cmap_x map = cmap_x_init();

-

-    c_forrange (N) {

-        uint64_t k = stc64_rand(&rng);

-        cmap_x_emplace(&map, k & 0xf, 0).ref->second += 1;

+    

+    c_with (cmap_x map = cmap_x_init(), cmap_x_del(&map)) {

+        c_forrange (N) {

+            uint64_t k = stc64_rand(&rng);

+            cmap_x_emplace(&map, k & 0xf, 0).ref->second += 1;

+        }

+

+        uint64_t sum = 0;

+        c_foreach (i, cmap_x, map) sum += i.ref->second;

+        sum /= map.size;

+

+        c_foreach (i, cmap_x, map) {

+            printf("%4u: %zu - %zu: %11.8f\n", i.ref->first, i.ref->second, sum, (1 - (double) i.ref->second / sum));

+        }

     }

-

-    uint64_t sum = 0;

-    c_foreach (i, cmap_x, map) sum += i.ref->second;

-    sum /= map.size;

-

-    c_foreach (i, cmap_x, map)

-        printf("%4u: %zu - %zu: %11.8f\n", i.ref->first, i.ref->second, sum, (1 - (double) i.ref->second / sum));

 }

 

 int main()

diff --git a/examples/bits.c b/examples/bits.c
index e7b843fb..65be30ac 100644
--- a/examples/bits.c
+++ b/examples/bits.c
@@ -1,61 +1,61 @@
 #include <stdio.h>

 #include <stc/cbits.h>

 

-int main() {

-    cbits set = cbits_with_size(23, true);

-    printf("count %zu, %zu\n", cbits_count(set), set.size);

-    cbits s1 = cbits_from_str("1110100110111");

-    char buf[256];

-    cbits_to_str(s1, buf, 0, -1);

-    printf("buf: %s: %zu\n", buf, cbits_count(s1));

-

-    cbits_reset(&set, 9);

-    cbits_resize(&set, 43, false);

-    c_withbuffer (str, char, set.size + 1)

-        printf(" str: %s\n", cbits_to_str(set, str, 0, -1));

-

-    printf("%4zu: ", set.size);

-    c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

-        printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

-    puts("");

-

-    cbits_set(&set, 28);

-    cbits_resize(&set, 77, true);

-    cbits_resize(&set, 93, false);

-    cbits_resize(&set, 102, true);

-    cbits_set_value(&set, 99, false);

-    printf("%4zu: ", set.size);

-    c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

-        printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

-

-    puts("\nIterate:");

-    printf("%4zu: ", set.size);

-    c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

-        printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

-    puts("");

-

-    cbits s2 = cbits_clone(set);

-    cbits_flip_all(&s2);

-    cbits_set(&s2, 16);

-    cbits_set(&s2, 17);

-    cbits_set(&s2, 18);

-    printf(" new: ");

-    c_forrange (i, int, s2.size)

-        printf("%d", cbits_test(s2, i));

-    puts("");

-

-    printf(" xor: ");

-    cbits_xor(&set, s2);

-    c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

-        printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

-    puts("");

-

-    cbits_set_all(&set, false);

-    printf("%4zu: ", set.size);

-    c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

-        printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

-    puts("");

-

-    cbits_del(&s2);

-    cbits_del(&set);

+int main() 

+{

+    c_with (cbits set = cbits_with_size(23, true), cbits_del(&set)) {

+        printf("count %zu, %zu\n", cbits_count(set), set.size);

+        cbits s1 = cbits_from_str("1110100110111");

+        char buf[256];

+        cbits_to_str(s1, buf, 0, -1);

+        printf("buf: %s: %zu\n", buf, cbits_count(s1));

+

+        cbits_reset(&set, 9);

+        cbits_resize(&set, 43, false);

+        c_withbuf (str, char, set.size + 1)

+            printf(" str: %s\n", cbits_to_str(set, str, 0, -1));

+

+        printf("%4zu: ", set.size);

+        c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

+            printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

+        puts("");

+

+        cbits_set(&set, 28);

+        cbits_resize(&set, 77, true);

+        cbits_resize(&set, 93, false);

+        cbits_resize(&set, 102, true);

+        cbits_set_value(&set, 99, false);

+        printf("%4zu: ", set.size);

+        c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

+            printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

+

+        puts("\nIterate:");

+        printf("%4zu: ", set.size);

+        c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

+            printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

+        puts("");

+

+        c_with (cbits s2 = cbits_clone(set), cbits_del(&s2)) {

+            cbits_flip_all(&s2);

+            cbits_set(&s2, 16);

+            cbits_set(&s2, 17);

+            cbits_set(&s2, 18);

+            printf(" new: ");

+            c_forrange (i, int, s2.size)

+                printf("%d", cbits_test(s2, i));

+            puts("");

+

+            printf(" xor: ");

+            cbits_xor(&set, s2);

+            c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

+                printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

+            puts("");

+

+            cbits_set_all(&set, false);

+            printf("%4zu: ", set.size);

+            c_forrange (i, int, set.size)

+                printf("%d", cbits_test(set, i));

+            puts("");

+        }

+    }

 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/cpque.c b/examples/cpque.c
index bcff6eab..f9dc871c 100644
--- a/examples/cpque.c
+++ b/examples/cpque.c
@@ -27,30 +27,28 @@ PRINT_Q(cpque_imax)
 PRINT_Q(cpque_imix)

 

 

-int main() {

-    cpque_imax q = cpque_imax_init();

-

+int main()

+{

     const int data[] = {1,8,5,6,3,4,0,9,7,2};

 

-    c_forrange (n, c_arraylen(data))

-        cpque_imax_push(&q, n);

-

-    print_cpque_imax(q);

-

-    cpque_imin q2 = cpque_imin_init();

-    cpque_imin_emplace_items(&q2, data, c_arraylen(data));

+    c_withvar (cpque_imax, q)

+    {

+        c_forrange (n, c_arraylen(data))

+            cpque_imax_push(&q, n);

+        print_cpque_imax(q);

+    }

 

-    print_cpque_imin(q2);

+    c_withvar (cpque_imin, q2)

+    {

+        cpque_imin_emplace_items(&q2, data, c_arraylen(data));

+        print_cpque_imin(q2);

+    }

 

     // Using imix_less to compare elements.

-    cpque_imix q3 = cpque_imix_init();

-

-    c_forrange (n, c_arraylen(data))

-        cpque_imix_push(&q3, n);

-

-    print_cpque_imix(q3);

-

-    cpque_imin_del(&q);

-    cpque_imax_del(&q2);

-    cpque_imix_del(&q3);

+    c_withvar (cpque_imix, q3)

+    {

+        c_forrange (n, c_arraylen(data))

+            cpque_imix_push(&q3, n);

+        print_cpque_imix(q3);

+    }

 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/demos.c b/examples/demos.c
index e63d5660..388e3e46 100644
--- a/examples/demos.c
+++ b/examples/demos.c
@@ -9,29 +9,29 @@
 void stringdemo1()

 {

     printf("\nSTRINGDEMO1\n");

-    cstr cs = cstr_from("one-nine-three-seven-five");

-    printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

+    c_with (cstr cs = cstr_from("one-nine-three-seven-five"), cstr_del(&cs))

+    {

+        printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

 

-    cstr_insert(&cs, 3, "-two");

-    printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

+        cstr_insert(&cs, 3, "-two");

+        printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

 

-    cstr_erase_n(&cs, 7, 5); // -nine

-    printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

+        cstr_erase_n(&cs, 7, 5); // -nine

+        printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

 

-    cstr_replace(&cs, cstr_find(cs, "seven"), 5, "four");

-    printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

+        cstr_replace(&cs, cstr_find(cs, "seven"), 5, "four");

+        printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

 

-    cstr_take(&cs, cstr_from_fmt("%s *** %s", cs.str, cs.str));

-    printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

+        cstr_take(&cs, cstr_from_fmt("%s *** %s", cs.str, cs.str));

+        printf("%s.\n", cs.str);

 

-    printf("find \"four\": %s\n", cs.str + cstr_find(cs, "four"));

+        printf("find \"four\": %s\n", cs.str + cstr_find(cs, "four"));

 

-    // reassign:

-    cstr_assign(&cs, "one two three four five six seven");

-    cstr_append(&cs, " eight");

-    printf("append: %s\n", cs.str);

-

-    cstr_del(&cs);

+        // reassign:

+        cstr_assign(&cs, "one two three four five six seven");

+        cstr_append(&cs, " eight");

+        printf("append: %s\n", cs.str);

+    }

 }

 

 

@@ -40,21 +40,22 @@ using_cvec(ix, int64_t); // ix is just an example tag name.
 void vectordemo1()

 {

     printf("\nVECTORDEMO1\n");

-    cvec_ix bignums = cvec_ix_init();

-    cvec_ix_reserve(&bignums, 100);

-    for (size_t i = 10; i <= 100; i += 10)

-        cvec_ix_push_back(&bignums, i * i);

+    c_with (cvec_ix bignums = cvec_ix_with_capacity(100), cvec_ix_del(&bignums))

+    {

+        cvec_ix_reserve(&bignums, 100);

+        for (size_t i = 10; i <= 100; i += 10)

+            cvec_ix_push_back(&bignums, i * i);

 

-    printf("erase - %d: %zu\n", 3, bignums.data[3]);

-    cvec_ix_erase_n(&bignums, 3, 1); // erase index 3

+        printf("erase - %d: %zu\n", 3, bignums.data[3]);

+        cvec_ix_erase_n(&bignums, 3, 1); // erase index 3

 

-    cvec_ix_pop_back(&bignums);      // erase the last

-    cvec_ix_erase_n(&bignums, 0, 1); // erase the first

+        cvec_ix_pop_back(&bignums);      // erase the last

+        cvec_ix_erase_n(&bignums, 0, 1); // erase the first

 

-    for (size_t i = 0; i < cvec_ix_size(bignums); ++i) {

-        printf("%zu: %zu\n", i, bignums.data[i]);

+        for (size_t i = 0; i < cvec_ix_size(bignums); ++i) {

+            printf("%zu: %zu\n", i, bignums.data[i]);

+        }

     }

-    cvec_ix_del(&bignums);

 }

 

 

@@ -63,17 +64,17 @@ using_cvec_str();
 void vectordemo2()

 {

     printf("\nVECTORDEMO2\n");

-    cvec_str names = cvec_str_init();

-    cvec_str_emplace_back(&names, "Mary");

-    cvec_str_emplace_back(&names, "Joe");

-    cvec_str_emplace_back(&names, "Chris");

-    cstr_assign(&names.data[1], "Jane");      // replace Joe

-    printf("names[1]: %s\n", names.data[1].str);

-

-    cvec_str_sort(&names);                     // Sort the array

-    c_foreach (i, cvec_str, names)

-        printf("sorted: %s\n", i.ref->str);

-    cvec_str_del(&names);

+    c_withvar (cvec_str, names) {

+        cvec_str_emplace_back(&names, "Mary");

+        cvec_str_emplace_back(&names, "Joe");

+        cvec_str_emplace_back(&names, "Chris");

+        cstr_assign(&names.data[1], "Jane");      // replace Joe

+        printf("names[1]: %s\n", names.data[1].str);

+

+        cvec_str_sort(&names);                     // Sort the array

+        c_foreach (i, cvec_str, names)

+            printf("sorted: %s\n", i.ref->str);

+    }

 }

 

 using_clist(ix, int);

@@ -82,28 +83,30 @@ void listdemo1()
 {

     printf("\nLISTDEMO1\n");

     clist_ix nums = clist_ix_init(), nums2 = clist_ix_init();

-    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)

-        clist_ix_push_back(&nums, i);

-    for (int i = 100; i < 110; ++i)

-        clist_ix_push_back(&nums2, i);

-

-    /* splice nums2 to front of nums */

-    clist_ix_splice(&nums, clist_ix_begin(&nums), &nums2);

-    c_foreach (i, clist_ix, nums)

-        printf("spliced: %d\n", *i.ref);

-    puts("");

-

-    *clist_ix_find(&nums, 104).ref += 50;

-    clist_ix_remove(&nums, 103);

-    clist_ix_iter_t it = clist_ix_begin(&nums);

-    clist_ix_erase_range(&nums, clist_ix_fwd(it, 5), clist_ix_fwd(it, 15));

-    clist_ix_pop_front(&nums);

-    clist_ix_push_back(&nums, -99);

-    clist_ix_sort(&nums);

-

-    c_foreach (i, clist_ix, nums)

-        printf("sorted: %d\n", *i.ref);

-    clist_ix_del(&nums);

+    c_defer (clist_ix_del(&nums), clist_ix_del(&nums2)) 

+    {

+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)

+            clist_ix_push_back(&nums, i);

+        for (int i = 100; i < 110; ++i)

+            clist_ix_push_back(&nums2, i);

+

+        /* splice nums2 to front of nums */

+        clist_ix_splice(&nums, clist_ix_begin(&nums), &nums2);

+        c_foreach (i, clist_ix, nums)

+            printf("spliced: %d\n", *i.ref);

+        puts("");

+

+        *clist_ix_find(&nums, 104).ref += 50;

+        clist_ix_remove(&nums, 103);

+        clist_ix_iter_t it = clist_ix_begin(&nums);

+        clist_ix_erase_range(&nums, clist_ix_fwd(it, 5), clist_ix_fwd(it, 15));

+        clist_ix_pop_front(&nums);

+        clist_ix_push_back(&nums, -99);

+        clist_ix_sort(&nums);

+

+        c_foreach (i, clist_ix, nums)

+            printf("sorted: %d\n", *i.ref);

+    }

 }

 

 using_cset(i, int);

diff --git a/examples/ex_gauss1.c b/examples/ex_gauss1.c
index 5613d2b3..4ab9e7a3 100644
--- a/examples/ex_gauss1.c
+++ b/examples/ex_gauss1.c
@@ -29,30 +29,30 @@ int main()
     stc64_t rng = stc64_init(seed);

     stc64_normalf_t dist = stc64_normalf_init(Mean, StdDev);

 

-    // Create histogram map

-    cmap_i mhist = cmap_i_init();

-    c_forrange (N) {

-        int index = (int) round( stc64_normalf(&rng, &dist) );

-        cmap_i_emplace(&mhist, index, 0).ref->second += 1;

-    }

-

-    // Transfer map to vec and sort it by map keys.

-    cvec_e vhist = cvec_e_init();

-    c_foreach (i, cmap_i, mhist)

-        cvec_e_push_back(&vhist, c_make(mapval){i.ref->first, i.ref->second});

-    cvec_e_sort(&vhist);

-

-    // Print the gaussian bar chart

-    cstr bar = cstr_init();

-    c_foreach (i, cvec_e, vhist) {

-        size_t n = (size_t) (i.ref->second * StdDev * Scale * 2.5 / (float)N);

-        if (n > 0) {

-            cstr_resize(&bar, n, '*');

-            printf("%4d %s\n", i.ref->first, bar.str);

+    c_withvar (cvec_e, vhist) {

+

+        // Create histogram map

+        c_withvar (cmap_i, mhist) {

+            c_forrange (N) {

+                int index = (int) round( stc64_normalf(&rng, &dist) );

+                cmap_i_emplace(&mhist, index, 0).ref->second += 1;

+            }

+

+            // Transfer map to vec and sort it by map keys.

+            c_foreach (i, cmap_i, mhist)

+                cvec_e_push_back(&vhist, c_make(mapval){i.ref->first, i.ref->second});

+        }

+        cvec_e_sort(&vhist);

+

+        // Print the gaussian bar chart

+        c_withvar (cstr, bar) {

+            c_foreach (i, cvec_e, vhist) {

+                size_t n = (size_t) (i.ref->second * StdDev * Scale * 2.5 / (float)N);

+                if (n > 0) {

+                    cstr_resize(&bar, n, '*');

+                    printf("%4d %s\n", i.ref->first, bar.str);

+                }

+            }

         }

     }

-    // Cleanup

-    cstr_del(&bar);

-    cmap_i_del(&mhist);

-    cvec_e_del(&vhist);

 }

diff --git a/examples/ex_gauss2.c b/examples/ex_gauss2.c
index bd2f41bd..bcf1e200 100644
--- a/examples/ex_gauss2.c
+++ b/examples/ex_gauss2.c
@@ -21,22 +21,21 @@ int main()
     stc64_normalf_t dist = stc64_normalf_init(Mean, StdDev);

 

     // Create histogram map

-    csmap_i mhist = csmap_i_init();

-    c_forrange (N) {

-        int index = (int) round( stc64_normalf(&rng, &dist) );

-        csmap_i_emplace(&mhist, index, 0).ref->second += 1;

-    }

+    c_withvar (csmap_i, mhist) {

+        c_forrange (N) {

+            int index = (int) round( stc64_normalf(&rng, &dist) );

+            csmap_i_emplace(&mhist, index, 0).ref->second += 1;

+        }

 

-    // Print the gaussian bar chart

-    cstr bar = cstr_init();

-    c_foreach (i, csmap_i, mhist) {

-        size_t n = (size_t) (i.ref->second * StdDev * Scale * 2.5 / (float)N);

-        if (n > 0) {

-            cstr_resize(&bar, n, '*');

-            printf("%4d %s\n", i.ref->first, bar.str);

+        // Print the gaussian bar chart

+        c_withvar (cstr, bar) {

+            c_foreach (i, csmap_i, mhist) {

+                size_t n = (size_t) (i.ref->second * StdDev * Scale * 2.5 / (float)N);

+                if (n > 0) {

+                    cstr_resize(&bar, n, '*');

+                    printf("%4d %s\n", i.ref->first, bar.str);

+                }

+            }

         }

     }

-    // Cleanup

-    cstr_del(&bar);

-    csmap_i_del(&mhist);

 }

diff --git a/examples/inits.c b/examples/inits.c
index c5190e75..c1d64801 100644
--- a/examples/inits.c
+++ b/examples/inits.c
@@ -23,78 +23,80 @@ int main(void)
 {

     // CVEC FLOAT / PRIORITY QUEUE

 

-    cvec_f floats = cvec_f_init();

-    c_emplace(cvec_f, floats, {4.0f, 2.0f, 5.0f, 3.0f, 1.0f});

+    c_withvar (cvec_f, floats) {

+        c_emplace(cvec_f, floats, {4.0f, 2.0f, 5.0f, 3.0f, 1.0f});

 

-    c_foreach (i, cvec_f, floats) printf("%.1f ", *i.ref);

-    puts("");

+        c_foreach (i, cvec_f, floats) printf("%.1f ", *i.ref);

+        puts("");

 

-    // CVEC PRIORITY QUEUE

+        // CVEC PRIORITY QUEUE

 

-    cpque_f_make_heap(&floats);

-    c_emplace(cpque_f, floats, {40.0f, 20.0f, 50.0f, 30.0f, 10.0f});

+        cpque_f_make_heap(&floats);

+        c_emplace(cpque_f, floats, {40.0f, 20.0f, 50.0f, 30.0f, 10.0f});

 

-    puts("\npop and show high priorites first:");

-    while (! cpque_f_empty(floats)) {

-        printf("%.1f ", *cpque_f_top(&floats));

-        cpque_f_pop(&floats);

+        puts("\npop and show high priorites first:");

+        while (! cpque_f_empty(floats)) {

+            printf("%.1f ", *cpque_f_top(&floats));

+            cpque_f_pop(&floats);

+        }

+        puts("\n");

     }

-    puts("\n");

-    cpque_f_del(&floats);

 

     // CMAP ID

 

     int year = 2020;

-    cmap_id idnames = cmap_id_init();

-    cmap_id_emplace(&idnames, 100, "Hello");

-    cmap_id_insert(&idnames, 110, cstr_from("World"));

-    cmap_id_insert(&idnames, 120, cstr_from_fmt("Howdy, -%d-", year));

-

-    c_foreach (i, cmap_id, idnames)

-        printf("%d: %s\n", i.ref->first, i.ref->second.str);

-    puts("");

-    cmap_id_del(&idnames);

+    c_withvar (cmap_id, idnames) {

+        cmap_id_emplace(&idnames, 100, "Hello");

+        cmap_id_insert(&idnames, 110, cstr_from("World"));

+        cmap_id_insert(&idnames, 120, cstr_from_fmt("Howdy, -%d-", year));

+

+        c_foreach (i, cmap_id, idnames)

+            printf("%d: %s\n", i.ref->first, i.ref->second.str);

+        puts("");

+    }

 

     // CMAP CNT

 

-    cmap_cnt countries = cmap_cnt_init();

-    c_emplace(cmap_cnt, countries, {

-        {"Norway", 100},

-        {"Denmark", 50},

-        {"Iceland", 10},

-        {"Belgium", 10},

-        {"Italy", 10},

-        {"Germany", 10},

-        {"Spain", 10},

-        {"France", 10},

-    });

-    cmap_cnt_emplace(&countries, "Greenland", 0).ref->second += 20;

-    cmap_cnt_emplace(&countries, "Sweden", 0).ref->second += 20;

-    cmap_cnt_emplace(&countries, "Norway", 0).ref->second += 20;

-    cmap_cnt_emplace(&countries, "Finland", 0).ref->second += 20;

-

-    c_foreach (i, cmap_cnt, countries)

-        printf("%s: %d\n", i.ref->first.str, i.ref->second);

-    puts("");

-    cmap_cnt_del(&countries);

+    c_withvar (cmap_cnt, countries) {

+        c_emplace(cmap_cnt, countries, {

+            {"Norway", 100},

+            {"Denmark", 50},

+            {"Iceland", 10},

+            {"Belgium", 10},

+            {"Italy", 10},

+            {"Germany", 10},

+            {"Spain", 10},

+            {"France", 10},

+        });

+        cmap_cnt_emplace(&countries, "Greenland", 0).ref->second += 20;

+        cmap_cnt_emplace(&countries, "Sweden", 0).ref->second += 20;

+        cmap_cnt_emplace(&countries, "Norway", 0).ref->second += 20;

+        cmap_cnt_emplace(&countries, "Finland", 0).ref->second += 20;

+

+        c_foreach (i, cmap_cnt, countries)

+            printf("%s: %d\n", i.ref->first.str, i.ref->second);

+        puts("");

+    }

 

     // CVEC PAIR

 

-    c_var (cvec_ip, pairs1, { {5, 6}, {3, 4}, {1, 2}, {7, 8} });

-    cvec_ip_sort(&pairs1);

+    c_withvar (cvec_ip, pairs1) {

+        c_emplace (cvec_ip, pairs1, {{5, 6}, {3, 4}, {1, 2}, {7, 8}});

+        cvec_ip_sort(&pairs1);

 

-    c_foreach (i, cvec_ip, pairs1)

-        printf("(%d %d) ", i.ref->x, i.ref->y);

-    puts("");

-    cvec_ip_del(&pairs1);

+        c_foreach (i, cvec_ip, pairs1)

+            printf("(%d %d) ", i.ref->x, i.ref->y);

+        puts("");

+    }

 

     // CLIST PAIR

 

-    c_var (clist_ip, pairs2, { {5, 6}, {3, 4}, {1, 2}, {7, 8} });

-    clist_ip_sort(&pairs2);

+    c_withvar (clist_ip, pairs2) {

+        c_emplace(clist_ip, pairs2, {{5, 6}, {3, 4}, {1, 2}, {7, 8}});

+        clist_ip_sort(&pairs2);

 

-    c_foreach (i, clist_ip, pairs2)

-        printf("(%d %d) ", i.ref->x, i.ref->y);

-    puts("");

-    clist_ip_del(&pairs2);

+        c_foreach (i, clist_ip, pairs2)

+            printf("(%d %d) ", i.ref->x, i.ref->y);

+        puts("");

+    }

 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/list.c b/examples/list.c
index 4b75468d..85ebcf02 100644
--- a/examples/list.c
+++ b/examples/list.c
@@ -8,47 +8,46 @@ int main() {
     int k;

     const int n = 2000000;

 

-    clist_fx list = clist_fx_init();

-    stc64_t rng = stc64_init(1234);

-    stc64_uniformf_t dist = stc64_uniformf_init(100.0f, n);

-    int m = 0;

-    c_forrange (i, int, n)

-        clist_fx_push_back(&list, stc64_uniformf(&rng, &dist)), ++m;

-    double sum = 0.0;

-    printf("sumarize %d:\n", m);

-    c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list)

-        sum += *i.ref;

-    printf("sum %f\n\n", sum);

+    c_withvar (clist_fx, list) {

+        stc64_t rng = stc64_init(1234);

+        stc64_uniformf_t dist = stc64_uniformf_init(100.0f, n);

+        int m = 0;

+        c_forrange (i, int, n)

+            clist_fx_push_back(&list, stc64_uniformf(&rng, &dist)), ++m;

+        double sum = 0.0;

+        printf("sumarize %d:\n", m);

+        c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list)

+            sum += *i.ref;

+        printf("sum %f\n\n", sum);

 

-    k = 0;

-    c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list)

-        if (++k <= 10) printf("%8d: %10f\n", k, *i.ref); else break;

-    puts("sort");

-    clist_fx_sort(&list); // mergesort O(n*log n)

-    puts("sorted");

+        k = 0;

+        c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list)

+            if (++k <= 10) printf("%8d: %10f\n", k, *i.ref); else break;

+        puts("sort");

+        clist_fx_sort(&list); // mergesort O(n*log n)

+        puts("sorted");

 

-    k = 0;

-    c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list)

-        if (++k <= 10) printf("%8d: %10f\n", k, *i.ref); else break;

-    puts("");

+        k = 0;

+        c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list)

+            if (++k <= 10) printf("%8d: %10f\n", k, *i.ref); else break;

+        puts("");

 

-    clist_fx_clear(&list);

-    c_emplace(clist_fx, list, {10, 20, 30, 40, 30, 50});

-    c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list) printf(" %g", *i.ref);

-    puts("");

+        clist_fx_clear(&list);

+        c_emplace(clist_fx, list, {10, 20, 30, 40, 30, 50});

+        c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list) printf(" %g", *i.ref);

+        puts("");

 

-    int removed = clist_fx_remove(&list, 30);

-    clist_fx_insert(&list, clist_fx_begin(&list), 5); // same as push_front()

-    clist_fx_push_back(&list, 500);

-    clist_fx_push_front(&list, 1964);

-    clist_fx_iter_t it = clist_fx_begin(&list);

-    printf("Full: ");

-    c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list)

-        printf(" %g", *i.ref);

-    printf("\nSubs: ");

-    c_foreach (i, clist_fx, clist_fx_fwd(it, 4), clist_fx_end(&list))

-        printf(" %g", *i.ref);

-    puts("");

-

-    clist_fx_del(&list);

+        int removed = clist_fx_remove(&list, 30);

+        clist_fx_insert(&list, clist_fx_begin(&list), 5); // same as push_front()

+        clist_fx_push_back(&list, 500);

+        clist_fx_push_front(&list, 1964);

+        clist_fx_iter_t it = clist_fx_begin(&list);

+        printf("Full: ");

+        c_foreach (i, clist_fx, list)

+            printf(" %g", *i.ref);

+        printf("\nSubs: ");

+        c_foreach (i, clist_fx, clist_fx_fwd(it, 4), clist_fx_end(&list))

+            printf(" %g", *i.ref);

+        puts("");

+    }

 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/list_erase.c b/examples/list_erase.c
index 45947dee..d61edace 100644
--- a/examples/list_erase.c
+++ b/examples/list_erase.c
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ using_clist(i, int);
 

 int main ()

 {

-    c_var (clist_i, L, {10, 20, 30, 40, 50});

-                                                 // 10 20 30 40 50

-    clist_i_iter_t it = clist_i_begin(&L);       // ^

-    clist_i_next(&it); 

-    it = clist_i_erase_at(&L, it);               // 10 30 40 50

-                                                 //    ^

-    clist_i_iter_t end = clist_i_end(&L);        //

-    clist_i_next(&it);

-    it = clist_i_erase_range(&L, it, end);       // 10 30

-                                                 //       ^

-    printf("mylist contains:");

-    c_foreach (x, clist_i, L) printf(" %d", *x.ref);

-    puts("");

-

-    clist_i_del(&L);

+    c_withvar (clist_i, L) {

+        c_emplace(clist_i, L, {10, 20, 30, 40, 50});

+                                                    // 10 20 30 40 50

+        clist_i_iter_t it = clist_i_begin(&L);      // ^

+        clist_i_next(&it); 

+        it = clist_i_erase_at(&L, it);              // 10 30 40 50

+                                                    //    ^

+        clist_i_iter_t end = clist_i_end(&L);       //

+        clist_i_next(&it);

+        it = clist_i_erase_range(&L, it, end);      // 10 30

+                                                    //       ^

+        printf("mylist contains:");

+        c_foreach (x, clist_i, L) printf(" %d", *x.ref);

+        puts("");

+    }

 }

diff --git a/examples/list_splice.c b/examples/list_splice.c
index b8efa5db..dd5d8cc4 100644
--- a/examples/list_splice.c
+++ b/examples/list_splice.c
@@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ void print_ilist(const char* s, clist_i list)
 
 int main ()
 {
-    c_var (clist_i, list1, { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
-    c_var (clist_i, list2, { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 });
-
-    clist_i_iter_t it = clist_i_fwd(clist_i_begin(&list1), 2);
-    it = clist_i_splice(&list1, it, &list2);
-
-    puts("After splice");
-    print_ilist("list1:", list1);
-    print_ilist("list2:", list2);
-
-    clist_i_splice_range(&list2, clist_i_begin(&list2), &list1, it, clist_i_end(&list1));
-
-    puts("After splice_range");
-    print_ilist("list1:", list1);
-    print_ilist("list2:", list2);
-
-    c_del(clist_i, &list1, &list2);
+    c_var (clist_i, list1, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
+    c_var (clist_i, list2, {10, 20, 30, 40, 50});
+    c_defer (clist_i_del(&list1), clist_i_del(&list2))
+    {
+        clist_i_iter_t it = clist_i_fwd(clist_i_begin(&list1), 2);
+        it = clist_i_splice(&list1, it, &list2);
+
+        puts("After splice");
+        print_ilist("list1:", list1);
+        print_ilist("list2:", list2);
+
+        clist_i_splice_range(&list2, clist_i_begin(&list2), &list1, it, clist_i_end(&list1));
+
+        puts("After splice_range");
+        print_ilist("list1:", list1);
+        print_ilist("list2:", list2);
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/mapmap.c b/examples/mapmap.c
index fc6c8a79..b4bb6beb 100644
--- a/examples/mapmap.c
+++ b/examples/mapmap.c
@@ -9,20 +9,19 @@ using_cmap_str();
 using_cmap_strkey(cfg, cmap_str, cmap_str_del, c_no_clone);

 

 int main(void) {

-    cmap_cfg cfg = cmap_cfg_init();

-    cmap_str init = cmap_str_init();

-    cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("user"), init).ref->second, "name", "Joe");

-    cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("user"), init).ref->second, "groups", "proj1,proj3");

-    cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("group"), init).ref->second, "proj1", "Energy");

-    cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("group"), init).ref->second, "proj2", "Windy");

-    cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("group"), init).ref->second, "proj3", "Oil");

-    cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("admin"), init).ref->second, "employees", "2302");

+    c_withvar (cmap_cfg, cfg) {

+        cmap_str init = cmap_str_init();

+        cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("user"), init).ref->second, "name", "Joe");

+        cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("user"), init).ref->second, "groups", "proj1,proj3");

+        cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("group"), init).ref->second, "proj1", "Energy");

+        cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("group"), init).ref->second, "proj2", "Windy");

+        cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("group"), init).ref->second, "proj3", "Oil");

+        cmap_str_emplace(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("admin"), init).ref->second, "employees", "2302");

 

-    cmap_str_emplace_or_assign(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("group"), init).ref->second, "proj2", "Wind"); // Update

+        cmap_str_emplace_or_assign(&cmap_cfg_insert(&cfg, cstr_from("group"), init).ref->second, "proj2", "Wind"); // Update

 

-    c_foreach (i, cmap_cfg, cfg)

-        c_foreach (j, cmap_str, i.ref->second)

-            printf("%s: %s - %s (%u)\n", i.ref->first.str, j.ref->first.str, j.ref->second.str, i.ref->second.bucket_count);

-

-    cmap_cfg_del(&cfg);

+        c_foreach (i, cmap_cfg, cfg)

+            c_foreach (j, cmap_str, i.ref->second)

+                printf("%s: %s - %s (%u)\n", i.ref->first.str, j.ref->first.str, j.ref->second.str, i.ref->second.bucket_count);

+    }

 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/olympics.c b/examples/olympics.c
index 2c4cc270..07388c1b 100644
--- a/examples/olympics.c
+++ b/examples/olympics.c
@@ -54,24 +54,23 @@ using_csmap_strkey(ol, clist_ol, clist_ol_del, c_no_clone);
 

 int main()

 {

-    csmap_ol multimap = csmap_ol_init();

-    clist_ol empty = clist_ol_init();

+    c_withvar (csmap_ol, multimap) {

+        clist_ol empty = clist_ol_init();

 

-    for (int i = 0; i<c_arraylen(ol_data); ++i) {

-        struct OlympicsData* it = &ol_data[i];

-        OlympicLocation loc = {.year=it->year, .city=cstr_from(it->city), .date=cstr_from(it->date)};

-        // Insert an empty list for each new country, and append the entry to the list.

-        // If list already exist in map, it returns it from the insert function.

-        clist_ol_push_back(&csmap_ol_insert(&multimap, cstr_from(it->country), empty).ref->second, loc);

-    }

+        for (int i = 0; i<c_arraylen(ol_data); ++i) {

+            struct OlympicsData* it = &ol_data[i];

+            OlympicLocation loc = {.year=it->year, .city=cstr_from(it->city), .date=cstr_from(it->date)};

+            // Insert an empty list for each new country, and append the entry to the list.

+            // If list already exist in map, it returns it from the insert function.

+            clist_ol_push_back(&csmap_ol_insert(&multimap, cstr_from(it->country), empty).ref->second, loc);

+        }

 

-    c_foreach (country, csmap_ol, multimap) {

-        clist_ol_sort(&country.ref->second); // Sort locations by year for each country.

-        c_foreach (loc, clist_ol, country.ref->second)

-            printf("%s: %d, %s, %s\n", country.ref->first.str, loc.ref->year,

-                                                               loc.ref->city.str,

-                                                               loc.ref->date.str);

+        c_foreach (country, csmap_ol, multimap) {

+            clist_ol_sort(&country.ref->second); // Sort locations by year for each country.

+            c_foreach (loc, clist_ol, country.ref->second)

+                printf("%s: %d, %s, %s\n", country.ref->first.str, loc.ref->year,

+                                                                   loc.ref->city.str,

+                                                                   loc.ref->date.str);

+        }

     }

-    // cleanup everything

-    csmap_ol_del(&multimap);

 }

diff --git a/examples/phonebook.c b/examples/phonebook.c
index 335679e3..40a4b0fd 100644
--- a/examples/phonebook.c
+++ b/examples/phonebook.c
@@ -39,40 +39,43 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {

     c_static_assert(3 == 3, "hello");

 

-    c_var (cset_str, names, {"Hello", "Cool", "True"});

-    c_foreach (i, cset_str, names) printf("set: %s\n", i.ref->str);

+    c_withvar (cset_str, names) {

+        c_emplace (cset_str, names, {"Hello", "Cool", "True"});

+        c_foreach (i, cset_str, names) printf("%s ", i.ref->str);

+        puts("");

+    }

 

     bool erased;

-    c_var (cmap_str, phone_book, {

-        {"Lilia Friedman", "(892) 670-4739"},

-        {"Tariq Beltran", "(489) 600-7575"},

-        {"Laiba Juarez", "(303) 885-5692"},

-        {"Elliott Mooney", "(945) 616-4482"},

-    });

+    c_withvar (cmap_str, phone_book) {

+        c_emplace (cmap_str, phone_book, {

+            {"Lilia Friedman", "(892) 670-4739"},

+            {"Tariq Beltran", "(489) 600-7575"},

+            {"Laiba Juarez", "(303) 885-5692"},

+            {"Elliott Mooney", "(945) 616-4482"},

+        });

 

-    printf("Phone book:\n");

-    print_phone_book(phone_book);

+        printf("Phone book:\n");

+        print_phone_book(phone_book);

 

-    cmap_str_emplace(&phone_book, "Zak Byers", "(551) 396-1880");

-    cmap_str_emplace(&phone_book, "Zak Byers", "(551) 396-1990");

+        cmap_str_emplace(&phone_book, "Zak Byers", "(551) 396-1880");

+        cmap_str_emplace(&phone_book, "Zak Byers", "(551) 396-1990");

 

-    printf("\nPhone book after adding Zak Byers:\n");

-    print_phone_book(phone_book);

+        printf("\nPhone book after adding Zak Byers:\n");

+        print_phone_book(phone_book);

 

-    if (cmap_str_find(&phone_book, "Tariq Beltran").ref != NULL)

-        printf("\nTariq Beltran is in phone book\n");

+        if (cmap_str_find(&phone_book, "Tariq Beltran").ref != NULL)

+            printf("\nTariq Beltran is in phone book\n");

 

-    erased = cmap_str_erase(&phone_book, "Tariq Beltran");

-    erased = cmap_str_erase(&phone_book, "Elliott Mooney");

+        erased = cmap_str_erase(&phone_book, "Tariq Beltran");

+        erased = cmap_str_erase(&phone_book, "Elliott Mooney");

 

-    printf("\nPhone book after erasing Tariq and Elliott:\n");

-    print_phone_book(phone_book);

+        printf("\nPhone book after erasing Tariq and Elliott:\n");

+        print_phone_book(phone_book);

 

-    cmap_str_emplace_or_assign(&phone_book, "Zak Byers", "(555) 396-188");

+        cmap_str_emplace_or_assign(&phone_book, "Zak Byers", "(555) 396-188");

 

-    printf("\nPhone book after update phone of Zak Byers:\n");

-    print_phone_book(phone_book);

-

-    cmap_str_del(&phone_book);

+        printf("\nPhone book after update phone of Zak Byers:\n");

+        print_phone_book(phone_book);

+    }

     puts("done");

 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/prime.c b/examples/prime.c
index 5c6b5065..48fa5bbe 100644
--- a/examples/prime.c
+++ b/examples/prime.c
@@ -27,15 +27,14 @@ int main(void)
     printf("computing prime numbers up to %zu\n", n);

 

     clock_t t1 = clock();

-    cbits primes = sieveOfEratosthenes(n + 1);

-    size_t np = cbits_count(primes);

-    clock_t t2 = clock();

+    c_with (cbits primes = sieveOfEratosthenes(n + 1), cbits_del(&primes)) {

+        size_t np = cbits_count(primes);

+        clock_t t2 = clock();

 

-    printf("number of primes: %zu, time: %f\n", np, (t2 - t1) / (float)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

+        printf("number of primes: %zu, time: %f\n", np, (t2 - t1) / (float)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

 

-    printf(" 2"); for (size_t i = 3; i < 1000; i += 2)

-       if (cbits_test(primes, i>>1)) printf(" %zu", i);

-    puts("");

-

-    cbits_del(&primes);

+        printf(" 2"); for (size_t i = 3; i < 1000; i += 2)

+        if (cbits_test(primes, i>>1)) printf(" %zu", i);

+        puts("");

+    }

 }

diff --git a/examples/priority.c b/examples/priority.c
index ec26cb15..d0234dbc 100644
--- a/examples/priority.c
+++ b/examples/priority.c
@@ -13,23 +13,22 @@ int main() {
     size_t N = 10000000;

     stc64_t rng = stc64_init(time(NULL));

     stc64_uniform_t dist = stc64_uniform_init(0, N * 10);

-    cpque_i heap = cpque_i_init();

-

-    // Push ten million random numbers to priority queue

-    c_forrange (N)

-        cpque_i_push(&heap, stc64_uniform(&rng, &dist));

-

-    // push some negative numbers too.

-    c_emplace(cpque_i, heap, {-231, -32, -873, -4, -343});

-

-    c_forrange (N)

-        cpque_i_push(&heap, stc64_uniform(&rng, &dist));

-

-

-    // Extract the hundred smallest.

-    c_forrange (100) {

-        printf("%zd ", *cpque_i_top(&heap));

-        cpque_i_pop(&heap);

+    c_withvar (cpque_i, heap)

+    {

+        // Push ten million random numbers to priority queue

+        c_forrange (N)

+            cpque_i_push(&heap, stc64_uniform(&rng, &dist));

+

+        // push some negative numbers too.

+        c_emplace(cpque_i, heap, {-231, -32, -873, -4, -343});

+

+        c_forrange (N)

+            cpque_i_push(&heap, stc64_uniform(&rng, &dist));

+

+        // Extract the hundred smallest.

+        c_forrange (100) {

+            printf("%zd ", *cpque_i_top(&heap));

+            cpque_i_pop(&heap);

+        }

     }

-    cpque_i_del(&heap);

 }

diff --git a/examples/queue.c b/examples/queue.c
index 23640a39..e3a74f33 100644
--- a/examples/queue.c
+++ b/examples/queue.c
@@ -17,21 +17,21 @@ int main() {
     stc64_t rng = stc64_init(1234);

     dist = stc64_uniform_init(0, n);

 

-    cqueue_i queue = cqueue_i_init();

+    c_withvar (cqueue_i, queue)

+    {

+        // Push ten million random numbers onto the queue.

+        c_forrange (n)

+            cqueue_i_push(&queue, stc64_uniform(&rng, &dist));

 

-    // Push ten million random numbers onto the queue.

-    c_forrange (n)

-        cqueue_i_push(&queue, stc64_uniform(&rng, &dist));

-

-    // Push or pop on the queue ten million times

-    printf("%d\n", n);

-    c_forrange (n) { // range uses initial n only.

-        int r = stc64_uniform(&rng, &dist);

-        if (r & 1)

-            ++n, cqueue_i_push(&queue, r);

-        else

-            --n, cqueue_i_pop(&queue);

+        // Push or pop on the queue ten million times

+        printf("%d\n", n);

+        c_forrange (n) { // range uses initial n only.

+            int r = stc64_uniform(&rng, &dist);

+            if (r & 1)

+                ++n, cqueue_i_push(&queue, r);

+            else

+                --n, cqueue_i_pop(&queue);

+        }

+        printf("%d, %zu\n", n, cqueue_i_size(queue));

     }

-    printf("%d, %zu\n", n, cqueue_i_size(queue));

-    cqueue_i_del(&queue);

 }

diff --git a/examples/replace.c b/examples/replace.c
index fdf5a7df..b537ef88 100644
--- a/examples/replace.c
+++ b/examples/replace.c
@@ -3,31 +3,30 @@
 

 int main ()

 {

-  const char *base = "this is a test string.";

-  const char *s2 = "n example";

-  const char *s3 = "sample phrase";

-  const char *s4 = "useful.";

+    const char *base = "this is a test string.";

+    const char *s2 = "n example";

+    const char *s3 = "sample phrase";

+    const char *s4 = "useful.";

 

-  // replace signatures used in the same order as described above:

+    // replace signatures used in the same order as described above:

 

-  // Ustring positions:                        0123456789*123456789*12345

-  cstr s = cstr_from(base);              // "this is a test string."

-  

-  cstr m = cstr_clone(s);

-  cstr_append(&m, m.str);

-  cstr_append(&m, m.str);

-  printf("%s\n", m.str);

-  

-  cstr_replace(&s, 9, 5, s2);              // "this is an example string." (1)

-  printf("(1) %s\n", s.str);

-  cstr_replace_n(&s, 19, 6, s3+7, 6);      // "this is an example phrase." (2)

-  printf("(2) %s\n", s.str);

-  cstr_replace(&s, 8, 10, "just a");       // "this is just a phrase."     (3)

-  printf("(3) %s\n", s.str);

-  cstr_replace_n(&s, 8, 6,"a shorty", 7);  // "this is a short phrase."    (4)

-  printf("(4) %s\n", s.str);  

-  cstr_replace(&s, 22, 1, "!!!");          // "this is a short phrase!!!"  (5)

-  printf("(5) %s\n", s.str);  

-  

-  c_del(cstr, &s, &m); // destroy

+    // Ustring positions:                        0123456789*123456789*12345

+    cstr s = cstr_from(base);              // "this is a test string."

+    cstr m = cstr_clone(s);

+    c_defer (cstr_del(&s), cstr_del(&m)) {

+        cstr_append(&m, m.str);

+        cstr_append(&m, m.str);

+        printf("%s\n", m.str);

+

+        cstr_replace(&s, 9, 5, s2);              // "this is an example string." (1)

+        printf("(1) %s\n", s.str);

+        cstr_replace_n(&s, 19, 6, s3+7, 6);      // "this is an example phrase." (2)

+        printf("(2) %s\n", s.str);

+        cstr_replace(&s, 8, 10, "just a");       // "this is just a phrase."     (3)

+        printf("(3) %s\n", s.str);

+        cstr_replace_n(&s, 8, 6,"a shorty", 7);  // "this is a short phrase."    (4)

+        printf("(4) %s\n", s.str);  

+        cstr_replace(&s, 22, 1, "!!!");          // "this is a short phrase!!!"  (5)

+        printf("(5) %s\n", s.str);  

+    }  

 }

diff --git a/examples/stack.c b/examples/stack.c
index 3bcf05dd..0815b580 100644
--- a/examples/stack.c
+++ b/examples/stack.c
@@ -11,17 +11,19 @@ using_cstack(c, cvec_c);
 int main() {

     cstack_i stack = cstack_i_init();

     cstack_c chars = cstack_c_init();

+    c_defer (cstack_i_del(&stack), cstack_c_del(&chars))

+    {

+        c_forrange (i, int, 101) 

+            cstack_i_push(&stack, i*i);

 

-    c_forrange (i, int, 101) 

-        cstack_i_push(&stack, i*i);

+        printf("%d\n", *cstack_i_top(&stack));

 

-    printf("%d\n", *cstack_i_top(&stack));

-

-    c_forrange (i, int, 90)  

-        cstack_i_pop(&stack);

-    

-    c_foreach (i, cstack_i, stack)

-        printf(" %d", *i.ref);

-    puts("");

-    printf("top: %d\n", *cstack_i_top(&stack));

+        c_forrange (i, int, 90)  

+            cstack_i_pop(&stack);

+        

+        c_foreach (i, cstack_i, stack)

+            printf(" %d", *i.ref);

+        puts("");

+        printf("top: %d\n", *cstack_i_top(&stack));

+    }

 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stc_astar.c b/examples/stc_astar.c
index 90ef6e44..11e8ca2b 100644
--- a/examples/stc_astar.c
+++ b/examples/stc_astar.c
@@ -77,55 +77,57 @@ astar(cstr maze, int width)
 {

     MazePoint start = mpnt_from(maze, "@", width);

     MazePoint goal = mpnt_from(maze, "!", width);

+

+    cdeq_pnt path = cdeq_pnt_init(); // returned

+    

     cpque_pnt frontier = cpque_pnt_init();

     csmap_step came_from = csmap_step_init();

     csmap_cost cost_so_far = csmap_cost_init();

-

-    cpque_pnt_push(&frontier, start);

-    csmap_cost_insert(&cost_so_far, start, 0);

-

-    while (!cpque_pnt_empty(frontier))

+    c_defer (cpque_pnt_del(&frontier),

+             csmap_step_del(&came_from),

+             csmap_cost_del(&cost_so_far))

     {

-        MazePoint current = *cpque_pnt_top(&frontier);

-        cpque_pnt_pop(&frontier);

-        if (mpnt_equal(&current, &goal))

-            break;

-        MazePoint deltas[] = {

-            { -1, +1, 0, width }, { 0, +1, 0, width }, { 1, +1, 0, width },

-            { -1,  0, 0, width }, /* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ */  { 1,  0, 0, width },

-            { -1, -1, 0, width }, { 0, -1, 0, width }, { 1, -1, 0, width },

-        };

-

-        c_forrange (i, c_arraylen(deltas))

+        cpque_pnt_push(&frontier, start);

+        csmap_cost_insert(&cost_so_far, start, 0);

+

+        while (!cpque_pnt_empty(frontier))

         {

-            MazePoint delta = deltas[i];

-            MazePoint next = mpnt_init(current.x + delta.x, current.y + delta.y, width);

-            int new_cost = *csmap_cost_at(&cost_so_far, current);

-            if (maze.str[mpnt_index(&next)] != '#')

+            MazePoint current = *cpque_pnt_top(&frontier);

+            cpque_pnt_pop(&frontier);

+            if (mpnt_equal(&current, &goal))

+                break;

+            MazePoint deltas[] = {

+                { -1, +1, 0, width }, { 0, +1, 0, width }, { 1, +1, 0, width },

+                { -1,  0, 0, width }, /* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ */  { 1,  0, 0, width },

+                { -1, -1, 0, width }, { 0, -1, 0, width }, { 1, -1, 0, width },

+            };

+

+            c_forrange (i, c_arraylen(deltas))

             {

-                csmap_cost_value_t* cost = csmap_cost_find(&cost_so_far, next).ref;

-                if (!cost || new_cost < cost->second)

+                MazePoint delta = deltas[i];

+                MazePoint next = mpnt_init(current.x + delta.x, current.y + delta.y, width);

+                int new_cost = *csmap_cost_at(&cost_so_far, current);

+                if (maze.str[mpnt_index(&next)] != '#')

                 {

-                    csmap_cost_put(&cost_so_far, next, new_cost); // update

-                    next.priorty = new_cost + abs(goal.x - next.x) + abs(goal.y - next.y);

-                    cpque_pnt_push(&frontier, next);

-                    csmap_step_put(&came_from, next, current);

+                    csmap_cost_value_t* cost = csmap_cost_find(&cost_so_far, next).ref;

+                    if (!cost || new_cost < cost->second)

+                    {

+                        csmap_cost_put(&cost_so_far, next, new_cost); // update

+                        next.priorty = new_cost + abs(goal.x - next.x) + abs(goal.y - next.y);

+                        cpque_pnt_push(&frontier, next);

+                        csmap_step_put(&came_from, next, current);

+                    }

                 }

             }

         }

+        MazePoint current = goal;

+        while(!mpnt_equal(&current, &start))

+        {

+            cdeq_pnt_push_front(&path, current);

+            current = *csmap_step_at(&came_from, current);

+        }

+        cdeq_pnt_push_front(&path, start);

     }

-    MazePoint current = goal;

-    cdeq_pnt path = cdeq_pnt_init();

-

-    while(!mpnt_equal(&current, &start))

-    {

-        cdeq_pnt_push_front(&path, current);

-        current = *csmap_step_at(&came_from, current);

-    }

-    cdeq_pnt_push_front(&path, start);

-    cpque_pnt_del(&frontier);

-    csmap_step_del(&came_from);

-    csmap_cost_del(&cost_so_far);

     return path;

 }

 

diff --git a/examples/svmap.c b/examples/svmap.c
index f4bcc311..9fd89755 100644
--- a/examples/svmap.c
+++ b/examples/svmap.c
@@ -9,26 +9,26 @@ int main() {
     csview fox = c_sv("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");

     printf("\"%s\", length=%zu\n", fox.str, fox.size);

 

-    cmap_si frequencies = cmap_si_init();

-

-    // Non-emplace: cstr element API

-    cmap_si_insert(&frequencies, cstr_new("thousand"), 1000);

-    cmap_si_insert_or_assign(&frequencies, cstr_new("thousand"), 2000); // update; same as put()

-    cmap_si_insert(&frequencies, cstr_new("thousand"), 3000); // ignored

-

-    // Emplace: csview element API

-    const char* key = "hundred";

-    cmap_si_emplace(&frequencies, c_sv("hundred"), 300); // c_sv() shorthand for csview_new()

-    cmap_si_emplace(&frequencies, csview_from_n(key, 4), 400); // insert "hund"

-    cmap_si_emplace_or_assign(&frequencies, csview_from(key), 500); // update

-    cmap_si_emplace(&frequencies, c_sv("hundred"), 600);      // ignored, already inserted

-

-    // Lookup always uses "raw" type API, i.e. csview here.

-    printf("at(\"hundred\"): %d\n", *cmap_si_at(&frequencies, c_sv("hundred")));

-

-    c_foreach (i, cmap_si, frequencies)

-        printf("%s: %d\n", i.ref->first.str, i.ref->second);

-

+    c_withvar (cmap_si, frequencies)

+    {

+        // Non-emplace: cstr element API

+        cmap_si_insert(&frequencies, cstr_new("thousand"), 1000);

+        cmap_si_insert_or_assign(&frequencies, cstr_new("thousand"), 2000); // update; same as put()

+        cmap_si_insert(&frequencies, cstr_new("thousand"), 3000); // ignored

+

+        // Emplace: csview element API

+        const char* key = "hundred";

+        cmap_si_emplace(&frequencies, c_sv("hundred"), 300); // c_sv() shorthand for csview_new()

+        cmap_si_emplace(&frequencies, csview_from_n(key, 4), 400); // insert "hund"

+        cmap_si_emplace_or_assign(&frequencies, csview_from(key), 500); // update

+        cmap_si_emplace(&frequencies, c_sv("hundred"), 600);      // ignored, already inserted

+

+        // Lookup always uses "raw" type API, i.e. csview here.

+        printf("at(\"hundred\"): %d\n", *cmap_si_at(&frequencies, c_sv("hundred")));

+

+        c_foreach (i, cmap_si, frequencies)

+            printf("%s: %d\n", i.ref->first.str, i.ref->second);

+    }

     /* Output: */

     // "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", length=44

     // at("hundred"): 500

diff --git a/examples/words.c b/examples/words.c
index 1edb1483..6859f104 100644
--- a/examples/words.c
+++ b/examples/words.c
@@ -15,27 +15,28 @@ int main1()
         "this", "sentence", "is", "not", "a", "sentence",
         "this", "sentence", "is", "a", "hoax"
     });
+    c_defer (clist_str_del(&lwords))
+    {
+        clist_str_push_back(&lwords, cstr_from_fmt("%.15f", sqrt(2)));
+        c_foreach (w, clist_str, lwords)
+            printf("%s\n", w.ref->str);
+        puts("");
 
-    clist_str_push_back(&lwords, cstr_from_fmt("%.15f", sqrt(2)));
-    c_foreach (w, clist_str, lwords)
-        printf("%s\n", w.ref->str);
-    puts("");
+        c_var (cvec_str, words, {
+            "this", "sentence", "is", "not", "a", "sentence",
+            "this", "sentence", "is", "a", "hoax"
+        });
+        c_defer (cvec_str_del(&words))
+        {
+            cmap_si word_map = cmap_si_init();
+            c_foreach (w, cvec_str, words)
+                cmap_si_emplace(&word_map, w.ref->str, 0).ref->second += 1;
 
-    c_var (cvec_str, words, {
-        "this", "sentence", "is", "not", "a", "sentence",
-        "this", "sentence", "is", "a", "hoax"
-    });
-
-    cmap_si word_map = cmap_si_init();
-    c_foreach (w, cvec_str, words)
-        cmap_si_emplace(&word_map, w.ref->str, 0).ref->second += 1;
-
-    c_foreach (i, cmap_si, word_map) {
-        printf("%d occurrences of word '%s'\n", i.ref->second, i.ref->first.str);
+            c_foreach (i, cmap_si, word_map) {
+                printf("%d occurrences of word '%s'\n", i.ref->second, i.ref->first.str);
+            }
+        }
     }
-
-    cmap_si_del(&word_map);
-    cvec_str_del(&words);
     return 0;
 }