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# String type cstr_t
This describes the API of string type **cstr_t**.
## Types
| Type name | Type definition | Used to represent... |
|:------------------|:---------------------------------|:---------------------------|
| `cstr_t` | `struct { const char *str; }` | The string type |
| `cstr_value_t` | `char` | The string element type |
| `cstr_iter_t` | `struct { cstr_value_t *val; }` | cstr_t iterator |
## Constants and macros
| Name | Value |
|:---------------------------|:-----------------|
| `cstr_inits` | `{...}` |
| `cstr_npos` | `-1ull` |
## Header file
All cstr definitions and prototypes may be included in your C source file by including a single header file.
```c
#include "stc/cstr.h"
```
## Methods
### Construction and destruction
```c
(1) cstr_t cstr_init(void);
(2) cstr_t cstr_with_capacity(size_t cap);
(3) cstr_t cstr_with_size(size_t len, char fill);
(4) cstr_t cstr_from(const char* str);
(5) cstr_t cstr_from_n(const char* str, size_t len);
(6) cstr_t cstr_from_fmt(const char* fmt, ...);
(7) cstr_t cstr_clone(cstr_t s);
(8) void cstr_del(cstr_t *self);
```
(1) Create an empty cstr_t, (2) with capacity `cap`. (3) Create a cstr_t by repeating the `fill` character `len` times.
(4) Construct a cstr_t from `str`, and (5) limit the length by `len` and `strlen(str)`.
(6) Construct a string from a formatting string `fmt` with arguments, using `printf()` formatting.
(7) Construct a new string by cloning another string. (8) Free the allocated memory used by string.
### Get string properties
```c
(1) size_t cstr_size(cstr_t s);
(2) size_t cstr_length(cstr_t s);
(3) size_t cstr_capacity(cstr_t s);
(4) bool cstr_empty(cstr_t s);
(5) char* cstr_front(cstr_t* self);
(6) char* cstr_back(cstr_t* self);
```
These returns properties of a string. `cstr_front()` and `cstr_back()` returns reference, ie. pointer to the character.
### String resource management and ownership
```c
(1) size_t cstr_reserve(cstr_t* self, size_t capacity);
(2) void cstr_resize(cstr_t* self, size_t len, char fill);
(3) void cstr_clear(cstr_t* self);
(4) cstr_t* cstr_assign(cstr_t* self, const char* str);
(5) cstr_t* cstr_assign_n(cstr_t* self, const char* str, size_t len);
(6) cstr_t* cstr_take(cstr_t* self, cstr_t s);
(7) cstr_t cstr_move(cstr_t* self);
```
(4) Assign `str` to `*self`, (5) assign substring `str` limited by `len` and `strlen(str)`.
(6) Take the constructed or moved string `s`, i.e., no allocation takes place.
(7) Explicitly move `*self` to the caller of the method; `*self` becomes an empty string after move.
### Append, insert replace, and erase strings or substrings
```c
(1) cstr_t* cstr_append(cstr_t* self, const char* str);
(2) cstr_t* cstr_append_n(cstr_t* self, const char* str, size_t len);
(3) cstr_t* cstr_push_back(cstr_t* self, char ch);
(4) void cstr_pop_back(cstr_t* self);
(5) void cstr_insert(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, const char* str);
(6) void cstr_insert_n(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, const char* str, size_t n);
(7) void cstr_erase(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, size_t n);
(8) void cstr_replace(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, size_t len, const char* str);
(9) void cstr_replace_n(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, size_t len, const char* str, size_t n);
```
(1) Append `str` to `*self`. (2) Append substring `str` limited by `len`. (3), Append character `ch`.
(4) Erase last character. (5) Insert string at a positions, (6) string limited by n characters.
(7) Erase n characters at position pos. (8) Replace len characters at position pos with str,
(9) replacement str limited by n characters.
### String comparisons and search, case sensitive and insensitive
```c
(1) int cstr_compare(const cstr_t *s1, const cstr_t *s2);
(2) bool cstr_equals(cstr_t s, const char* str);
(3) bool cstr_equals_s(cstr_t s, cstr_t s2);
(4) bool cstr_iequals(cstr_t s, const char* str);
(5) size_t cstr_find(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
(6) size_t cstr_find_n(cstr_t s, const char* substr, size_t pos, size_t nlen);
(7) size_t cstr_ifind_n(cstr_t s, const char* substr, size_t pos, size_t nlen);
(8) bool cstr_contains(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
(9) bool cstr_icontains(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
(10) bool cstr_begins_with(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
(11) bool cstr_ibegins_with(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
(12) bool cstr_ends_with(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
(13) bool cstr_iends_with(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
```
These are mostly self-explainatory. Methods prefixed by i does case-insensitive search.
### Iterator methods
```c
(1) cstr_iter_t cstr_begin(cstr_t* self);
(2) cstr_iter_t cstr_end(cstr_t* self);
(3) void cstr_next(cstr_iter_t* it);
(4) char* cstr_itval(cstr_iter_t it);
```
The general macro `c_foreach` uses these method for iterating, e.g. `c_foreach (i, cstr, mystr) printf("%c", *i.val);`.
This is equivalent to `for (size_t i=0; i<cstr_size(mystr); ++i) printf("%c", mystr.str[i])`.
### Other string methods
```c
(1) bool cstr_getline(cstr_t *self, FILE *stream);
(2) bool cstr_getdelim(cstr_t *self, int delim, FILE *stream);
```
(1,2) Reads a line of text from stream and stores it in `*self`. Line is separated by delim, which is '\n' in (1).
### Helper methods
```c
(1) const char* cstr_to_raw(const cstr_t* x);
(2) int cstr_compare_raw(const char** x, const char** y);
(3) bool cstr_equals_raw(const char** x, const char** y);
(4) uint32_t cstr_hash_raw(const char* const* spp, size_t ignored);
```
These methods may be used by other container types.
### Non-members
```c
(1) int c_strncasecmp(const char* s1, const char* s2, size_t n);
(2) char* c_strnfind(const char* str, const char* needle, size_t nmax);
(3) char* c_istrnfind(const char* str, const char* needle, size_t nmax);
(4) uint32_t c_string_hash(const char* str);
```
Example:
```c
#include "stc/cstr.h"
int main() {
cstr_t s1 = cstr_from("one-nine-three-seven-five");
printf("%s.\n", s1.str);
cstr_insert(&s1, 3, "-two");
printf("%s.\n", s1.str);
cstr_erase(&s1, 7, 5); // -nine
printf("%s.\n", s1.str);
cstr_replace(&s1, cstr_find(&s1, "seven"), 5, "four");
printf("%s.\n", s1.str);
// reassign:
cstr_assign(&s1, "one two three four five six seven");
cstr_append(&s1, " eight");
printf("append: %s\n", s1.str);
cstr_t full_path = cstr_from_fmt("%s/%s.%s", "directory", "filename", "ext");
printf("%s\n", full_path.str);
c_del(cstr, &s1, &full_path);
}
// Output:
one-nine-three-seven-five.
one-two-nine-three-seven-five.
one-two-three-seven-five.
one-two-three-four-five.
append: one two three four five six seven eight
directory/filename.ext
```
|
