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# Container cstr_t: String
This describes the API of string type **cstr_t**.
## Types
| Type name | Type definition | Used to represent... |
|:------------------|:---------------------------------|:---------------------------|
| `cstr_t` | `struct { const char *str; }` | The string type |
| `cstr_value_t` | `char` | The string element type |
| `cstr_iter_t` | `struct { cstr_value_t *val; }` | cstr_t iterator |
## Constants and macros
| Name | Value |
|:------------------|:-----------------|
| `cstr_inits` | `{...}` |
| `cstr_npos` | `-1ull` |
## Header file
All cstr definitions and prototypes may be included in your C source file by including a single header file.
```c
#include "stc/cstr.h"
```
## Methods
```c
1) cstr_t cstr_init(void);
2) cstr_t cstr_with_capacity(size_t cap);
3) cstr_t cstr_with_size(size_t len, char fill);
4) cstr_t cstr_from(const char* str);
5) cstr_t cstr_from_n(const char* str, size_t len);
6) cstr_t cstr_from_fmt(const char* fmt, ...);
7) cstr_t cstr_clone(cstr_t s);
8) void cstr_del(cstr_t *self);
```
`1)` Create an empty string, `2)` with capacity. `3)` Create a string by repeating *fill* character *len* times.
`4)` Construct a string from *str*, and `5)` limit the length by *len* and *strlen(str)*.
`6)` Construct a string from the format specified by *fmt* and arguments, using *printf()* formatting.
`7)` Construct a new string by cloning another string. `8)` Free the allocated memory used by string.
```c
size_t cstr_size(cstr_t s);
size_t cstr_length(cstr_t s);
size_t cstr_capacity(cstr_t s);
bool cstr_empty(cstr_t s);
5) char* cstr_front(cstr_t* self);
6) char* cstr_back(cstr_t* self);
```
These returns properties of a string. `5-6)` returns reference, ie. pointer to the char.
```c
1) size_t cstr_reserve(cstr_t* self, size_t capacity);
2) void cstr_resize(cstr_t* self, size_t len, char fill);
3) void cstr_clear(cstr_t* self);
4) cstr_t* cstr_assign(cstr_t* self, const char* str);
5) cstr_t* cstr_assign_n(cstr_t* self, const char* str, size_t len);
6) cstr_t* cstr_take(cstr_t* self, cstr_t s);
7) cstr_t cstr_move(cstr_t* self);
```
`1-3)` Reserve, resize, clear string. `4)` Assign *str* to string. `5)` assign substring *str* limited by
*len* and *strlen(str)*. `6)` Take the constructed or moved string *s*, i.e., no allocation takes place.
`7)` Explicitly move string to the caller of the method; string becomes empty after move.
```c
1) cstr_t* cstr_append(cstr_t* self, const char* str);
2) cstr_t* cstr_append_n(cstr_t* self, const char* str, size_t len);
3) cstr_t* cstr_push_back(cstr_t* self, char ch);
4) void cstr_pop_back(cstr_t* self);
5) void cstr_insert(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, const char* str);
6) void cstr_insert_n(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, const char* str, size_t n);
7) void cstr_erase_n(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, size_t n);
8) void cstr_replace(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, size_t len, const char* str);
9) void cstr_replace_n(cstr_t* self, size_t pos, size_t len, const char* str, size_t n);
```
`1)` Append *str* to string. `2)` Append substring *str* limited by *len*. `3)` Append character *ch*.
`4)` Erase last character. `5)` Insert string at a position *pos*. `6)` string limited by n characters.
`7)` Erase *n* characters at position *pos*. `8)` Replace *len* characters at position *pos* with *str*.
`9)` Replace with *str* limited by *n* characters.
```c
int cstr_compare(const cstr_t *s1, const cstr_t *s2);
bool cstr_equals(cstr_t s, const char* str);
bool cstr_equals_s(cstr_t s, cstr_t s2);
bool cstr_iequals(cstr_t s, const char* str);
size_t cstr_find(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
size_t cstr_find_n(cstr_t s, const char* substr, size_t pos, size_t nlen);
size_t cstr_ifind_n(cstr_t s, const char* substr, size_t pos, size_t nlen);
bool cstr_contains(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
bool cstr_icontains(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
bool cstr_begins_with(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
bool cstr_ibegins_with(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
bool cstr_ends_with(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
bool cstr_iends_with(cstr_t s, const char* substr);
```
Compare and search methods. Methods prefixed by *i* does case-insensitive compare/search.
```c
cstr_iter_t cstr_begin(cstr_t* self);
cstr_iter_t cstr_end(cstr_t* self);
void cstr_next(cstr_iter_t* it);
char* cstr_itval(cstr_iter_t it);
```
Iterator methods, typically used via the general *c_foreach* macro.
```c
1) bool cstr_getline(cstr_t *self, FILE *stream);
2) bool cstr_getdelim(cstr_t *self, int delim, FILE *stream);
```
`1-2)` Read a line of text from *stream* and store it in string. Line is separated by *delim*, which is *'\n'* in `1)`.
```c
const char* cstr_to_raw(const cstr_t* x);
int cstr_compare_raw(const char** x, const char** y);
bool cstr_equals_raw(const char** x, const char** y);
uint32_t cstr_hash_raw(const char* const* spp, size_t ignored);
int c_strncasecmp(const char* s1, const char* s2, size_t n);
char* c_strnfind(const char* str, const char* needle, size_t nmax);
char* c_istrnfind(const char* str, const char* needle, size_t nmax);
uint32_t c_string_hash(const char* str);
```
Helper methods, used by other container types.
## Example
```c
#include "stc/cstr.h"
int main() {
cstr_t s1 = cstr_from("one-nine-three-seven-five");
printf("%s.\n", s1.str);
cstr_insert(&s1, 3, "-two");
printf("%s.\n", s1.str);
cstr_erase(&s1, 7, 5); // -nine
printf("%s.\n", s1.str);
cstr_replace(&s1, cstr_find(&s1, "seven"), 5, "four");
printf("%s.\n", s1.str);
// reassign:
cstr_assign(&s1, "one two three four five six seven");
cstr_append(&s1, " eight");
printf("append: %s\n", s1.str);
cstr_t full_path = cstr_from_fmt("%s/%s.%s", "directory", "filename", "ext");
printf("%s\n", full_path.str);
c_del(cstr, &s1, &full_path);
}
```
Output:
```
one-nine-three-seven-five.
one-two-nine-three-seven-five.
one-two-three-seven-five.
one-two-three-four-five.
append: one two three four five six seven eight
directory/filename.ext
```
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