10 files changed, 392 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface.rb
index 54692c0..e809a46 100644
--- a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface.rb
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface.rb
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ require_relative "interface/message"
 require_relative "interface/response"
 require_relative "interface/tool_definition"
 require_relative "interface/model_info"
+require_relative "interface/pricing"
+require_relative "interface/usage_report"
+require_relative "interface/rate_limiter"
 require_relative "interface/base"
 
 module Dispatch
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/base.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/base.rb
index 4b7a6ed..682fae0 100644
--- a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/base.rb
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/base.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,43 @@
 module Dispatch
   module Adapter
     class Base
-      def chat(_messages, system: nil, tools: [], stream: false, max_tokens: nil, thinking: nil, &_block)
+      # Send a chat request.
+      #
+      # @param _messages [Array<Message>] the conversation messages
+      # @param system [String, Array<TextBlock, Hash>, nil] system prompt;
+      #   a String or an array of TextBlock / Hash content blocks (for
+      #   providers that support cached system prompts).
+      # @param tools [Array<ToolDefinition, Hash>] tool definitions
+      # @param stream [Boolean] whether to stream the response
+      # @param max_tokens [Integer, nil] maximum tokens to generate
+      # @param thinking [String, Hash, nil] extended thinking config;
+      #   adapters do their own validation.
+      #   - String: "low" | "medium" | "high"
+      #   - Hash: e.g. { enabled: true, budget_tokens: 10_000 }
+      # @param tool_choice [Symbol, Hash, nil] tool-selection policy:
+      #   :auto | :any | :none | { type: :tool, name: "fn" }
+      #   Adapters MAY ignore this.
+      # @param cache_retention [Symbol, nil] caching hint:
+      #   :none | :short | :long | nil
+      #   Adapters MAY ignore this.
+      # @param metadata [Hash, nil] arbitrary passthrough metadata (e.g. { user_id: "u1" }).
+      #   Adapters MAY ignore this.
+      # @param betas [Array<String>, String, nil] extra provider-beta entries.
+      #   Adapters MAY ignore this.
+      # @return [Response]
+      def chat(
+        _messages,
+        system: nil,
+        tools: [],
+        stream: false,
+        max_tokens: nil,
+        thinking: nil,
+        tool_choice: nil,     # rubocop:disable Lint/UnusedMethodArgument
+        cache_retention: nil, # rubocop:disable Lint/UnusedMethodArgument
+        metadata: nil,        # rubocop:disable Lint/UnusedMethodArgument
+        betas: nil,           # rubocop:disable Lint/UnusedMethodArgument
+        &_block
+      )
         raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class}#chat must be implemented"
       end
 
@@ -26,6 +62,29 @@ module Dispatch
       def max_context_tokens
         nil
       end
+
+      # Subscription quota / utilisation. Return nil if the provider has no
+      # such concept (raw API-key tier, etc.).
+      # @return [Dispatch::Adapter::UsageReport, nil]
+      def usage_report
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Idempotent — perform any interactive login required (device flow,
+      # OAuth PKCE, etc). Safe to call before the first chat/usage_report.
+      def authenticate!
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # True iff cached credentials are present and presumed valid.
+      def authenticated?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # Drop cached credentials.
+      def logout!
+        nil
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/message.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/message.rb
index eb51c99..dfe7301 100644
--- a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/message.rb
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/message.rb
@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ module Dispatch
   module Adapter
     Message = Struct.new(:role, :content, keyword_init: true)
 
-    TextBlock = Struct.new(:type, :text, keyword_init: true) do
-      def initialize(text:, type: "text")
-        super(type:, text:)
+    # +cache_control+ values:
+    #   nil                                — no cache breakpoint (default)
+    #   { type: :ephemeral }               — provider default TTL
+    #   { type: :ephemeral, ttl: :"5m" }   — short-lived cache
+    #   { type: :ephemeral, ttl: :"1h" }   — long-lived cache
+    TextBlock = Struct.new(:type, :text, :cache_control, keyword_init: true) do
+      def initialize(text:, cache_control: nil, type: "text")
+        super(type:, text:, cache_control:)
       end
     end
 
@@ -27,5 +32,17 @@ module Dispatch
         super(type:, tool_use_id:, content:, is_error:)
       end
     end
+
+    ThinkingBlock = Struct.new(:type, :thinking, :signature, keyword_init: true) do
+      def initialize(thinking:, signature: nil, type: "thinking")
+        super(type:, thinking:, signature:)
+      end
+    end
+
+    RedactedThinkingBlock = Struct.new(:type, :data, keyword_init: true) do
+      def initialize(data:, type: "redacted_thinking")
+        super(type:, data:)
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/model_info.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/model_info.rb
index 8ba2977..29228a8 100644
--- a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/model_info.rb
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/model_info.rb
@@ -2,14 +2,26 @@
 
 module Dispatch
   module Adapter
+    ModelPricing = Struct.new(
+      :input_per_mtok, :output_per_mtok,
+      :cache_read_per_mtok, :cache_write_per_mtok,
+      keyword_init: true
+    ) do
+      def initialize(input_per_mtok:, output_per_mtok:,
+                     cache_read_per_mtok: 0.0, cache_write_per_mtok: 0.0)
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
     ModelInfo = Struct.new(
       :id, :name, :max_context_tokens,
       :supports_vision, :supports_tool_use, :supports_streaming,
       :premium_request_multiplier,
+      :pricing,
       keyword_init: true
     ) do
       def initialize(id:, name:, max_context_tokens:, supports_vision:, supports_tool_use:, supports_streaming:,
-                     premium_request_multiplier: nil)
+                     premium_request_multiplier: nil, pricing: nil)
         super
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/pricing.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/pricing.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3ec9eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/pricing.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Dispatch
+  module Adapter
+    module Pricing
+      module_function
+
+      # Calculates UsageCost from a Usage and ModelInfo.
+      #
+      # NOTE: Reasoning tokens are NOT separately priced here.
+      # Anthropic bills them as output tokens; OpenAI o-series likewise.
+      # It is assumed that output_tokens includes reasoning_tokens if applicable.
+      def calculate(usage, model_info)
+        return nil unless model_info&.pricing
+
+        p = model_info.pricing
+        mtok = ->(tokens, rate) { (rate.to_f / 1_000_000.0) * tokens.to_i }
+
+        input  = mtok.call(usage.input_tokens,           p.input_per_mtok)
+        output = mtok.call(usage.output_tokens,          p.output_per_mtok)
+        cread  = mtok.call(usage.cache_read_tokens,      p.cache_read_per_mtok)
+        cwrite = mtok.call(usage.cache_creation_tokens,  p.cache_write_per_mtok)
+
+        UsageCost.new(
+          input: input,
+          output: output,
+          cache_read: cread,
+          cache_write: cwrite,
+          total: input + output + cread + cwrite
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/rate_limiter.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/rate_limiter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b05582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/rate_limiter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "json"
+require "fileutils"
+
+module Dispatch
+  module Adapter
+    class RateLimiter
+      def initialize(rate_limit_path:, min_request_interval:, rate_limit:)
+        validate_min_request_interval!(min_request_interval)
+        validate_rate_limit!(rate_limit)
+
+        @rate_limit_path = rate_limit_path
+        @min_request_interval = min_request_interval
+        @rate_limit = rate_limit
+      end
+
+      def wait!
+        return if disabled?
+
+        loop do
+          wait_time = 0.0
+          done = false
+
+          File.open(rate_limit_file, File::RDWR | File::CREAT) do |file|
+            file.flock(File::LOCK_EX)
+            state = read_state(file)
+            now = Time.now.to_f
+            wait_time = compute_wait(state, now)
+
+            if wait_time <= 0
+              record_request(state, now)
+              write_state(file, state)
+              done = true
+            end
+          end
+
+          return if done
+
+          sleep(wait_time)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def disabled?
+        effective_min_interval.nil? && @rate_limit.nil?
+      end
+
+      def effective_min_interval
+        return nil if @min_request_interval.nil?
+        return nil if @min_request_interval.zero?
+
+        @min_request_interval
+      end
+
+      def rate_limit_file
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(@rate_limit_path))
+        File.chmod(0o600, @rate_limit_path) if File.exist?(@rate_limit_path)
+        @rate_limit_path
+      end
+
+      def read_state(file)
+        file.rewind
+        content = file.read
+        return default_state if content.nil? || content.strip.empty?
+
+        parsed = JSON.parse(content)
+        {
+          "last_request_at" => parsed["last_request_at"]&.to_f,
+          "request_log" => Array(parsed["request_log"]).map(&:to_f)
+        }
+      rescue JSON::ParserError
+        default_state
+      end
+
+      def default_state
+        { "last_request_at" => nil, "request_log" => [] }
+      end
+
+      def write_state(file, state)
+        file.rewind
+        file.truncate(0)
+        file.write(JSON.generate(state))
+        file.flush
+
+        File.chmod(0o600, @rate_limit_path)
+      end
+
+      def compute_wait(state, now)
+        cooldown_wait = compute_cooldown_wait(state, now)
+        window_wait = compute_window_wait(state, now)
+        [ cooldown_wait, window_wait ].max
+      end
+
+      def compute_cooldown_wait(state, now)
+        interval = effective_min_interval
+        return 0.0 if interval.nil?
+
+        last = state["last_request_at"]
+        return 0.0 if last.nil?
+
+        elapsed = now - last
+        remaining = interval - elapsed
+        remaining.positive? ? remaining : 0.0
+      end
+
+      def compute_window_wait(state, now)
+        return 0.0 if @rate_limit.nil?
+
+        max_requests = @rate_limit[:requests]
+        period = @rate_limit[:period]
+        window_start = now - period
+
+        log = state["request_log"].select { |t| t > window_start }
+
+        return 0.0 if log.size < max_requests
+
+        oldest_in_window = log.min
+        wait = oldest_in_window + period - now
+        wait.positive? ? wait : 0.0
+      end
+
+      def record_request(state, now)
+        state["last_request_at"] = now
+        state["request_log"] << now
+        prune_log(state, now)
+      end
+
+      def prune_log(state, now)
+        if @rate_limit
+          period = @rate_limit[:period]
+          cutoff = now - period
+          state["request_log"] = state["request_log"].select { |t| t > cutoff }
+        else
+          state["request_log"] = []
+        end
+      end
+
+      def validate_min_request_interval!(value)
+        return if value.nil?
+
+        unless value.is_a?(Numeric)
+          raise ArgumentError,
+                "min_request_interval must be nil or a Numeric >= 0, got #{value.inspect}"
+        end
+
+        return unless value.negative?
+
+        raise ArgumentError,
+              "min_request_interval must be nil or a Numeric >= 0, got #{value.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      def validate_rate_limit!(value)
+        return if value.nil?
+
+        unless value.is_a?(Hash)
+          raise ArgumentError,
+                "rate_limit must be nil or a Hash with :requests and :period keys, got #{value.inspect}"
+        end
+
+        unless value.key?(:requests) && value[:requests].is_a?(Integer) && value[:requests].positive?
+          raise ArgumentError,
+                "rate_limit[:requests] must be a positive Integer, got #{value[:requests].inspect}"
+        end
+
+        return if value.key?(:period) && value[:period].is_a?(Numeric) && value[:period].positive?
+
+        raise ArgumentError,
+              "rate_limit[:period] must be a positive Numeric, got #{value[:period].inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/response.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/response.rb
index b4ba3eb..391b033 100644
--- a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/response.rb
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/response.rb
@@ -2,18 +2,47 @@
 
 module Dispatch
   module Adapter
+    # stop_reason ∈
+    #   :end_turn       — natural completion
+    #   :max_tokens     — output truncated by max_tokens
+    #   :tool_use       — assistant emitted tool calls
+    #   :pause_turn     — provider asked us to resubmit (Anthropic)
+    #   :refusal        — provider refused to answer
+    #   :sensitive      — output blocked by safety filters
+    #   :error          — adapter-level failure
     Response = Struct.new(:content, :tool_calls, :model, :stop_reason, :usage, keyword_init: true) do
       def initialize(model:, stop_reason:, usage:, content: nil, tool_calls: [])
         super
       end
     end
 
-    Usage = Struct.new(:input_tokens, :output_tokens, :cache_read_tokens, :cache_creation_tokens, keyword_init: true) do
-      def initialize(input_tokens:, output_tokens:, cache_read_tokens: 0, cache_creation_tokens: 0)
+    UsageCost = Struct.new(
+      :input, :output, :cache_read, :cache_write, :total,
+      keyword_init: true
+    ) do
+      def initialize(input: 0.0, output: 0.0, cache_read: 0.0,
+                     cache_write: 0.0, total: 0.0)
         super
       end
     end
 
+    Usage = Struct.new(
+      :input_tokens, :output_tokens,
+      :cache_read_tokens, :cache_creation_tokens,
+      :reasoning_tokens, :premium_requests, :cost,
+      keyword_init: true
+    ) do
+      def initialize(input_tokens:, output_tokens:,
+                     cache_read_tokens: 0, cache_creation_tokens: 0,
+                     reasoning_tokens: 0, premium_requests: nil, cost: nil)
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Recognised :type values:
+    #   :text_start, :text_delta, :text_end
+    #   :thinking_start, :thinking_delta, :thinking_end
+    #   :tool_use_start, :tool_use_delta, :tool_use_end
     StreamDelta = Struct.new(:type, :text, :tool_call_id, :tool_name, :argument_delta, keyword_init: true) do
       def initialize(type:, text: nil, tool_call_id: nil, tool_name: nil, argument_delta: nil)
         super
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/tool_definition.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/tool_definition.rb
index 7b435a3..4a8ca5a 100644
--- a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/tool_definition.rb
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/tool_definition.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,18 @@
 
 module Dispatch
   module Adapter
-    ToolDefinition = Struct.new(:name, :description, :parameters, keyword_init: true)
+    # +cache_control+ values:
+    #   nil                                — no cache breakpoint (default)
+    #   { type: :ephemeral }               — provider default TTL
+    #   { type: :ephemeral, ttl: :"5m" }   — short-lived cache
+    #   { type: :ephemeral, ttl: :"1h" }   — long-lived cache
+    ToolDefinition = Struct.new(
+      :name, :description, :parameters, :cache_control,
+      keyword_init: true
+    ) do
+      def initialize(name:, description:, parameters:, cache_control: nil)
+        super
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/usage_report.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/usage_report.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..132c484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/usage_report.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Dispatch
+  module Adapter
+    UsageWindow = Struct.new(:id, :label, :duration_ms, :resets_at, keyword_init: true) do
+      def initialize(id:, label:, duration_ms: nil, resets_at: nil)
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    UsageAmount = Struct.new(
+      :used, :limit, :remaining,
+      :used_fraction, :remaining_fraction,
+      :unit, keyword_init: true
+    ) do
+      # unit ∈ :percent | :tokens | :requests | :usd | :minutes | :bytes | :unknown
+      def initialize(unit:, used: nil, limit: nil, remaining: nil,
+                     used_fraction: nil, remaining_fraction: nil)
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    UsageLimitEntry = Struct.new(
+      :id, :label, :scope, :window, :amount, :status, :notes,
+      keyword_init: true
+    ) do
+      # status ∈ :ok | :warning | :exhausted | :unknown
+      def initialize(id:, label:, scope:, amount:, window: nil,
+                     status: :unknown, notes: [])
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    UsageReport = Struct.new(
+      :provider, :fetched_at, :limits, :metadata, :raw,
+      keyword_init: true
+    ) do
+      def initialize(provider:, limits:, fetched_at: Time.now, metadata: {}, raw: nil)
+        super
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/version.rb b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/version.rb
index 0a53b34..44b41db 100644
--- a/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/version.rb
+++ b/lib/dispatch/adapter/interface/version.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 module Dispatch
   module Adapter
     module Interface
-      VERSION = "0.1.0"
+      VERSION = "0.3.0"
     end
   end
 end