synced samples

22 files changed, 1804 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/app/main.rb b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/app/main.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80c40f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/app/main.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+=begin
+
+ Reminders:
+
+ - String interpolation: Uses #{} syntax; everything between the #{ and the } is evaluated
+   as Ruby code, and the placeholder is replaced with its corresponding value or result.
+
+   In this sample app, we're using string interpolation to iterate through images in the
+   sprites folder using their image path names.
+
+ - args.outputs.sprites: An array. Values in this array generate sprites on the screen.
+   The parameters are [X, Y, WIDTH, HEIGHT, IMAGE PATH]
+   For more information about sprites, go to mygame/documentation/05-sprites.md.
+
+ - args.outputs.labels: An array. Values in the array generate labels on the screen.
+   The parameters are [X, Y, TEXT, SIZE, ALIGNMENT, RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA, FONT STYLE]
+   For more information about labels, go to mygame/documentation/02-labels.md.
+
+ - args.inputs.keyboard.key_down.KEY: Determines if a key is in the down state, or pressed.
+   Stores the frame that key was pressed on.
+   For more information about the keyboard, go to mygame/documentation/06-keyboard.md.
+
+=end
+
+# This sample app demonstrates how sprite animations work.
+# There are two sprites that animate forever and one sprite
+# that *only* animates when you press the "f" key on the keyboard.
+
+# This is the entry point to your game. The `tick` method
+# executes at 60 frames per second. There are two methods
+# in this tick "entry point": `looping_animation`, and the
+# second method is `one_time_animation`.
+def tick args
+  looping_animation args
+  one_time_animation args
+end
+
+# This function shows how to animate a sprite that loops forever.
+def looping_animation args
+  # Here we define a few local variables that will be sent
+  # into the magic function that gives us the correct sprite image
+  # over time. There are four things we need in order to figure
+  # out which sprite to show.
+
+  # 1. When to start the animation.
+  start_looping_at = 0
+
+  # 2. The number of pngs that represent the full animation.
+  number_of_sprites = 6
+
+  # 3. How long to show each png.
+  number_of_frames_to_show_each_sprite = 4
+
+  # 4. Whether the animation should loop once, or forever.
+  does_sprite_loop = true
+
+  # With the variables defined above, we can get a number
+  # which represents the sprite to show by calling the `frame_index` function.
+  # In this case the number will be between 0, and 5 (you can see the sprites
+  # in the ./sprites directory).
+  sprite_index = start_looping_at.frame_index number_of_sprites,
+                                              number_of_frames_to_show_each_sprite,
+                                              does_sprite_loop
+
+  # Now that we have `sprite_index, we can present the correct file.
+  args.outputs.sprites << [100, 100, 100, 100, "sprites/dragon_fly_#{sprite_index}.png"]
+
+  # Try changing the numbers below to see how the animation changes:
+  args.outputs.sprites << [100, 200, 100, 100, "sprites/dragon_fly_#{0.frame_index 6, 4, true}.png"]
+end
+
+# This function shows how to animate a sprite that executes
+# only once when the "f" key is pressed.
+def one_time_animation args
+  # This is just a label the shows instructions within the game.
+  args.outputs.labels << [220, 350, "(press f to animate)"]
+
+  # If "f" is pressed on the keyboard...
+  if args.inputs.keyboard.key_down.f
+    # Print the frame that "f" was pressed on.
+    puts "Hello from main.rb! The \"f\" key was in the down state on frame: #{args.inputs.keyboard.key_down.f}"
+
+    # And MOST IMPORTANTLY set the point it time to start the animation,
+    # equal to "now" which is represented as args.state.tick_count.
+
+    # Also IMPORTANT, you'll notice that the value of when to start looping
+    # is stored in `args.state`. This construct's values are retained across
+    # executions of the `tick` method.
+    args.state.start_looping_at = args.state.tick_count
+  end
+
+  # These are the same local variables that were defined
+  # for the `looping_animation` function.
+  number_of_sprites = 6
+  number_of_frames_to_show_each_sprite = 4
+
+  # Except this sprite does not loop again. If the animation time has passed,
+  # then the frame_index function returns nil.
+  does_sprite_loop = false
+
+  sprite_index = args.state
+                     .start_looping_at
+                     .frame_index number_of_sprites,
+                                  number_of_frames_to_show_each_sprite,
+                                  does_sprite_loop
+
+  # This line sets the frame index to zero, if
+  # the animation duration has passed (frame_index returned nil).
+
+  # Remeber: we are not looping forever here.
+  sprite_index ||= 0
+
+  # Present the sprite.
+  args.outputs.sprites << [100, 300, 100, 100, "sprites/dragon_fly_#{sprite_index}.png"]
+
+  tick_instructions args, "Sample app shows how to use Numeric#frame_index and string interpolation to animate a sprite over time."
+end
+
+def tick_instructions args, text, y = 715
+  return if args.state.key_event_occurred
+  if args.inputs.mouse.click ||
+     args.inputs.keyboard.directional_vector ||
+     args.inputs.keyboard.key_down.enter ||
+     args.inputs.keyboard.key_down.escape
+    args.state.key_event_occurred = true
+  end
+
+  args.outputs.debug << [0, y - 50, 1280, 60].solid
+  args.outputs.debug << [640, y, text, 1, 1, 255, 255, 255].label
+  args.outputs.debug << [640, y - 25, "(click to dismiss instructions)" , -2, 1, 255, 255, 255].label
+end
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/license-for-sample.txt b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/license-for-sample.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fa4d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/license-for-sample.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Copyright 2019 DragonRuby LLC (code), Nick Culbertson @mobypixel (art)
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/replay.txt b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/replay.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c47c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/replay.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+replay_version 2.0
+stopped_at 780
+seed 100
+recorded_at Sun Sep 29 21:41:16 2019
+[:mouse_move, 1081, 144, 2, 1, 54]
+[:mouse_move, 1076, 144, 2, 2, 55]
+[:mouse_move, 1061, 145, 2, 3, 56]
+[:mouse_move, 1049, 146, 2, 4, 57]
+[:mouse_move, 964, 148, 2, 5, 58]
+[:mouse_move, 899, 148, 2, 6, 59]
+[:mouse_move, 795, 153, 2, 7, 60]
+[:mouse_move, 728, 160, 2, 8, 61]
+[:mouse_move, 644, 175, 2, 9, 62]
+[:mouse_move, 597, 185, 2, 10, 63]
+[:mouse_move, 519, 206, 2, 11, 64]
+[:mouse_move, 488, 217, 2, 12, 65]
+[:mouse_move, 451, 229, 2, 13, 66]
+[:mouse_move, 443, 231, 2, 14, 67]
+[:mouse_move, 438, 233, 2, 15, 68]
+[:mouse_move, 423, 238, 2, 16, 69]
+[:mouse_move, 420, 239, 2, 17, 70]
+[:mouse_move, 416, 240, 2, 18, 71]
+[:mouse_move, 415, 240, 2, 19, 84]
+[:mouse_move, 394, 253, 2, 20, 85]
+[:mouse_move, 376, 264, 2, 21, 86]
+[:mouse_move, 329, 296, 2, 22, 87]
+[:mouse_move, 303, 315, 2, 23, 88]
+[:mouse_move, 268, 342, 2, 24, 89]
+[:mouse_move, 249, 356, 2, 25, 90]
+[:mouse_move, 234, 372, 2, 26, 91]
+[:mouse_move, 228, 380, 2, 27, 92]
+[:mouse_move, 223, 388, 2, 28, 93]
+[:mouse_move, 222, 391, 2, 29, 94]
+[:mouse_move, 221, 394, 2, 30, 95]
+[:mouse_move, 221, 396, 2, 31, 96]
+[:mouse_move, 223, 397, 2, 32, 97]
+[:mouse_move, 229, 397, 2, 33, 98]
+[:mouse_move, 231, 397, 2, 34, 99]
+[:mouse_move, 235, 397, 2, 35, 100]
+[:mouse_move, 237, 397, 2, 36, 101]
+[:mouse_move, 238, 397, 2, 37, 102]
+[:mouse_move, 238, 398, 2, 38, 105]
+[:mouse_move, 237, 398, 2, 39, 108]
+[:mouse_move, 236, 397, 2, 40, 110]
+[:mouse_move, 235, 397, 2, 41, 111]
+[:mouse_move, 237, 397, 2, 42, 139]
+[:mouse_move, 240, 397, 2, 43, 140]
+[:mouse_move, 245, 398, 2, 44, 141]
+[:mouse_move, 248, 398, 2, 45, 142]
+[:mouse_move, 255, 399, 2, 46, 143]
+[:mouse_move, 258, 399, 2, 47, 144]
+[:mouse_move, 266, 400, 2, 48, 145]
+[:mouse_move, 268, 400, 2, 49, 146]
+[:mouse_move, 273, 400, 2, 50, 147]
+[:mouse_move, 275, 400, 2, 51, 148]
+[:mouse_move, 277, 400, 2, 52, 149]
+[:mouse_move, 280, 400, 2, 53, 150]
+[:mouse_move, 282, 400, 2, 54, 151]
+[:mouse_move, 285, 400, 2, 55, 152]
+[:mouse_move, 286, 399, 2, 56, 153]
+[:mouse_move, 288, 399, 2, 57, 154]
+[:mouse_move, 289, 399, 2, 58, 155]
+[:mouse_move, 290, 399, 2, 59, 156]
+[:mouse_move, 291, 399, 2, 60, 157]
+[:mouse_move, 294, 399, 2, 61, 158]
+[:mouse_move, 295, 399, 2, 62, 159]
+[:mouse_move, 297, 399, 2, 63, 160]
+[:mouse_move, 298, 399, 2, 64, 161]
+[:mouse_move, 300, 398, 2, 65, 162]
+[:mouse_move, 302, 398, 2, 66, 163]
+[:mouse_move, 305, 398, 2, 67, 164]
+[:mouse_move, 307, 398, 2, 68, 165]
+[:mouse_move, 310, 398, 2, 69, 166]
+[:mouse_move, 312, 398, 2, 70, 167]
+[:mouse_move, 315, 397, 2, 71, 168]
+[:mouse_move, 317, 397, 2, 72, 169]
+[:mouse_move, 320, 397, 2, 73, 170]
+[:mouse_move, 321, 397, 2, 74, 171]
+[:mouse_move, 323, 397, 2, 75, 172]
+[:mouse_move, 325, 397, 2, 76, 173]
+[:mouse_move, 327, 397, 2, 77, 174]
+[:mouse_move, 328, 397, 2, 78, 175]
+[:mouse_move, 329, 397, 2, 79, 176]
+[:mouse_move, 332, 397, 2, 80, 177]
+[:mouse_move, 333, 397, 2, 81, 178]
+[:mouse_move, 336, 397, 2, 82, 179]
+[:mouse_move, 338, 397, 2, 83, 180]
+[:mouse_move, 341, 397, 2, 84, 181]
+[:mouse_move, 342, 397, 2, 85, 182]
+[:mouse_move, 345, 397, 2, 86, 183]
+[:mouse_move, 346, 397, 2, 87, 184]
+[:mouse_move, 350, 397, 2, 88, 185]
+[:mouse_move, 352, 397, 2, 89, 186]
+[:mouse_move, 355, 397, 2, 90, 187]
+[:mouse_move, 356, 397, 2, 91, 188]
+[:mouse_move, 359, 397, 2, 92, 189]
+[:mouse_move, 360, 397, 2, 93, 190]
+[:mouse_move, 363, 397, 2, 94, 191]
+[:mouse_move, 365, 397, 2, 95, 192]
+[:mouse_move, 367, 397, 2, 96, 193]
+[:mouse_move, 369, 397, 2, 97, 194]
+[:mouse_move, 372, 397, 2, 98, 195]
+[:mouse_move, 373, 397, 2, 99, 196]
+[:mouse_move, 376, 397, 2, 100, 197]
+[:mouse_move, 377, 397, 2, 101, 198]
+[:mouse_move, 379, 397, 2, 102, 199]
+[:mouse_move, 381, 397, 2, 103, 200]
+[:mouse_move, 383, 397, 2, 104, 201]
+[:mouse_move, 385, 397, 2, 105, 202]
+[:mouse_move, 386, 397, 2, 106, 203]
+[:mouse_move, 389, 397, 2, 107, 204]
+[:mouse_move, 391, 397, 2, 108, 205]
+[:mouse_move, 397, 397, 2, 109, 206]
+[:mouse_move, 398, 397, 2, 110, 207]
+[:mouse_move, 403, 397, 2, 111, 208]
+[:mouse_move, 405, 397, 2, 112, 209]
+[:mouse_move, 407, 397, 2, 113, 210]
+[:mouse_move, 409, 397, 2, 114, 211]
+[:mouse_move, 410, 397, 2, 115, 212]
+[:mouse_move, 411, 397, 2, 116, 218]
+[:mouse_move, 411, 395, 2, 117, 328]
+[:mouse_move, 411, 393, 2, 118, 329]
+[:mouse_move, 412, 387, 2, 119, 330]
+[:mouse_move, 413, 382, 2, 120, 331]
+[:mouse_move, 415, 371, 2, 121, 332]
+[:mouse_move, 416, 364, 2, 122, 333]
+[:mouse_move, 417, 349, 2, 123, 334]
+[:mouse_move, 418, 343, 2, 124, 335]
+[:mouse_move, 419, 335, 2, 125, 336]
+[:mouse_move, 419, 332, 2, 126, 337]
+[:mouse_move, 420, 328, 2, 127, 338]
+[:mouse_move, 420, 327, 2, 128, 339]
+[:mouse_move, 420, 329, 2, 129, 345]
+[:mouse_move, 421, 331, 2, 130, 346]
+[:mouse_move, 421, 332, 2, 131, 347]
+[:mouse_move, 421, 333, 2, 132, 348]
+[:mouse_move, 422, 334, 2, 133, 349]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 134, 411]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 135, 417]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 136, 470]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 137, 476]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 138, 526]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 139, 531]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 140, 537]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 141, 541]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 142, 546]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 143, 550]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 144, 555]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 145, 558]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 146, 563]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 147, 567]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 148, 572]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 149, 575]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 150, 579]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 151, 582]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 152, 632]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 153, 657]
+[:key_down_raw, 102, 0, 2, 154, 687]
+[:key_up_raw, 102, 0, 2, 155, 692]
+[:key_down_raw, 1073742051, 1024, 2, 156, 779]
+[:key_down_raw, 113, 1024, 2, 157, 779]
+[:key_up_raw, 113, 1024, 2, 158, 779]
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_0.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_0.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb179af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_0.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_1.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_1.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cfe531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_1.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_2.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_2.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb462e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_2.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_3.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_3.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04c4977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_3.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_4.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_4.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b29fa3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_4.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_5.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_5.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f4e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/01_animation_using_seperate_pngs/sprites/dragon_fly_5.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/app/main.rb b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/app/main.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17bfd49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/app/main.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+def tick args
+  args.state.player.x ||= 100
+  args.state.player.y ||= 100
+  args.state.player.w ||= 64
+  args.state.player.h ||= 64
+  args.state.player.direction ||= 1
+
+  args.state.player.is_moving = false
+
+  # get the keyboard input and set player properties
+  if args.inputs.keyboard.right
+    args.state.player.x += 3
+    args.state.player.direction = 1
+    args.state.player.started_running_at ||= args.state.tick_count
+  elsif args.inputs.keyboard.left
+    args.state.player.x -= 3
+    args.state.player.direction = -1
+    args.state.player.started_running_at ||= args.state.tick_count
+  end
+
+  if args.inputs.keyboard.up
+    args.state.player.y += 1
+    args.state.player.started_running_at ||= args.state.tick_count
+  elsif args.inputs.keyboard.down
+    args.state.player.y -= 1
+    args.state.player.started_running_at ||= args.state.tick_count
+  end
+
+  # if no arrow keys are being pressed, set the player as not moving
+  if !args.inputs.keyboard.directional_vector
+    args.state.player.started_running_at = nil
+  end
+
+  # wrap player around the stage
+  if args.state.player.x > 1280
+    args.state.player.x = -64
+    args.state.player.started_running_at ||= args.state.tick_count
+  elsif args.state.player.x < -64
+    args.state.player.x = 1280
+    args.state.player.started_running_at ||= args.state.tick_count
+  end
+
+  if args.state.player.y > 720
+    args.state.player.y = -64
+    args.state.player.started_running_at ||= args.state.tick_count
+  elsif args.state.player.y < -64
+    args.state.player.y = 720
+    args.state.player.started_running_at ||= args.state.tick_count
+  end
+
+  # render player as standing or running
+  if args.state.player.started_running_at
+    args.outputs.sprites << running_sprite(args)
+  else
+    args.outputs.sprites << standing_sprite(args)
+  end
+  args.outputs.labels << [30, 700, "Use arrow keys to move around."]
+end
+
+def standing_sprite args
+  {
+    x: args.state.player.x,
+    y: args.state.player.y,
+    w: args.state.player.w,
+    h: args.state.player.h,
+    path: "sprites/horizontal-stand.png",
+    flip_horizontally: args.state.player.direction > 0
+  }
+end
+
+def running_sprite args
+  if !args.state.player.started_running_at
+    tile_index = 0
+  else
+    how_many_frames_in_sprite_sheet = 6
+    how_many_ticks_to_hold_each_frame = 3
+    should_the_index_repeat = true
+    tile_index = args.state
+                     .player
+                     .started_running_at
+                     .frame_index(how_many_frames_in_sprite_sheet,
+                                  how_many_ticks_to_hold_each_frame,
+                                  should_the_index_repeat)
+  end
+
+  {
+    x: args.state.player.x,
+    y: args.state.player.y,
+    w: args.state.player.w,
+    h: args.state.player.h,
+    path: 'sprites/horizontal-run.png',
+    tile_x: 0 + (tile_index * args.state.player.w),
+    tile_y: 0,
+    tile_w: args.state.player.w,
+    tile_h: args.state.player.h,
+    flip_horizontally: args.state.player.direction > 0,
+  }
+end
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/license-for-sample.txt b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/license-for-sample.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..100dcec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/license-for-sample.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Copyright 2019 DragonRuby LLC
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/sprites/horizontal-run.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/sprites/horizontal-run.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e98253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/sprites/horizontal-run.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/sprites/horizontal-stand.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/sprites/horizontal-stand.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d320e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/02_animation_using_sprite_sheet/sprites/horizontal-stand.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/app/main.rb b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/app/main.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63608a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/app/main.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+class Game
+  attr_gtk
+
+  def defaults
+    state.show_debug_layer  = true if state.tick_count == 0
+    player.tile_size        = 64
+    player.speed            = 3
+    player.slash_frames     = 15
+    player.x              ||= 50
+    player.y              ||= 400
+    player.dir_x          ||=  1
+    player.dir_y          ||= -1
+    player.is_moving      ||= false
+    state.watch_list      ||= {}
+    state.enemies         ||= []
+  end
+
+  def add_enemy
+    state.enemies << { x: 1200 * rand, y: 600 * rand, w: 64, h: 64 }
+  end
+
+  def sprite_horizontal_run
+    tile_index = 0.frame_index(6, 3, true)
+    tile_index = 0 if !player.is_moving
+
+    {
+      x: player.x,
+      y: player.y,
+      w: player.tile_size,
+      h: player.tile_size,
+      path: 'sprites/horizontal-run.png',
+      tile_x: 0 + (tile_index * player.tile_size),
+      tile_y: 0,
+      tile_w: player.tile_size,
+      tile_h: player.tile_size,
+      flip_horizontally: player.dir_x > 0,
+      # a: 40
+    }
+  end
+
+  def sprite_horizontal_stand
+    {
+      x: player.x,
+      y: player.y,
+      w: player.tile_size,
+      h: player.tile_size,
+      path: 'sprites/horizontal-stand.png',
+      flip_horizontally: player.dir_x > 0,
+      # a: 40
+    }
+  end
+
+  def sprite_horizontal_slash
+    tile_index   = player.slash_at.frame_index(5, player.slash_frames.idiv(5), false) || 0
+
+    {
+      x: player.x - 41.25,
+      y: player.y - 41.25,
+      w: 165,
+      h: 165,
+      path: 'sprites/horizontal-slash.png',
+      tile_x: 0 + (tile_index * 128),
+      tile_y: 0,
+      tile_w: 128,
+      tile_h: 128,
+      flip_horizontally: player.dir_x > 0
+    }
+  end
+
+  def render_player
+    if player.slash_at
+      outputs.sprites << sprite_horizontal_slash
+    elsif player.is_moving
+      outputs.sprites << sprite_horizontal_run
+    else
+      outputs.sprites << sprite_horizontal_stand
+    end
+  end
+
+  def render_enemies
+    outputs.borders << state.enemies
+  end
+
+  def render_debug_layer
+    return if !state.show_debug_layer
+    outputs.labels << state.watch_list.map.with_index do |(k, v), i|
+       [30, 710 - i * 28, "#{k}: #{v || "(nil)"}"]
+    end
+
+    outputs.borders << player.slash_collision_rect
+  end
+
+  def slash_initiate?
+    # buffalo usb controller has a button and b button swapped lol
+    inputs.controller_one.key_down.a || inputs.keyboard.key_down.j
+  end
+
+  def input
+    # player movement
+    if slash_complete? && (vector = inputs.directional_vector)
+      player.x += vector.x * player.speed
+      player.y += vector.y * player.speed
+    end
+    player.slash_at = slash_initiate? if slash_initiate?
+  end
+
+  def calc_movement
+    # movement
+    if vector = inputs.directional_vector
+      state.debug_label = vector
+      player.dir_x = vector.x
+      player.dir_y = vector.y
+      player.is_moving = true
+    else
+      state.debug_label = vector
+      player.is_moving = false
+    end
+  end
+
+  def calc_slash
+    # re-calc the location of the swords collision box
+    if player.dir_x.positive?
+      player.slash_collision_rect = [player.x + player.tile_size,
+                                     player.y + player.tile_size.half - 10,
+                                     40, 20]
+    else
+      player.slash_collision_rect = [player.x - 32 - 8,
+                                     player.y + player.tile_size.half - 10,
+                                     40, 20]
+    end
+
+    # recalc sword's slash state
+    player.slash_at = nil if slash_complete?
+
+    # determine collision if the sword is at it's point of damaging
+    return unless slash_can_damage?
+
+    state.enemies.reject! { |e| e.intersect_rect? player.slash_collision_rect }
+  end
+
+  def slash_complete?
+    !player.slash_at || player.slash_at.elapsed?(player.slash_frames)
+  end
+
+  def slash_can_damage?
+    # damage occurs half way into the slash animation
+    return false if slash_complete?
+    return false if (player.slash_at + player.slash_frames.idiv(2)) != state.tick_count
+    return true
+  end
+
+  def calc
+    # generate an enemy if there aren't any on the screen
+    add_enemy if state.enemies.length == 0
+    calc_movement
+    calc_slash
+  end
+
+  # source is at http://github.com/amirrajan/dragonruby-link-to-the-past
+  def tick
+    defaults
+    render_enemies
+    render_player
+    outputs.labels << [30, 30, "Gamepad: D-Pad to move. B button to attack."]
+    outputs.labels << [30, 52, "Keyboard: WASD/Arrow keys to move. J to attack."]
+    render_debug_layer
+    input
+    calc
+  end
+
+  def player
+    state.player
+  end
+end
+
+$game = Game.new
+
+def tick args
+  $game.args = args
+  $game.tick
+end
+
+$gtk.reset
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/license-for-sample.txt b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/license-for-sample.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48fe983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/license-for-sample.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+======================================
+====== LICENSE FOR CODE ==============
+======================================
+
+Copyright 2019 DragonRuby LLC
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+=========================================
+====== LICENSE FOR SPRITES ==============
+=========================================
+
+Creative Commons
+
+Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported
+
+CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS LICENSE DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ITS USE.
+License
+THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.
+
+BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. TO THE EXTENT THIS LICENSE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE A CONTRACT, THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
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+1. Definitions
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diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-run.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-run.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aabb47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-run.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-slash.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-slash.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b0dc87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-slash.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-stand.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-stand.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77eb7ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/03_animation_states/sprites/horizontal-stand.png
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/app/main.rb b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/app/main.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3f2d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/app/main.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+=begin
+ APIs listing that haven't been encountered in previous sample apps:
+
+ - merge: Returns a hash containing the contents of two original hashes.
+   Merge does not allow duplicate keys, so the value of a repeated key
+   will be overwritten.
+
+   For example, if we had two hashes
+   h1 = { "a" => 1, "b" => 2}
+   h2 = { "b" => 3, "c" => 3}
+   and we called the command
+   h1.merge(h2)
+   the result would the following hash
+   { "a" => 1, "b" => 3, "c" => 3}.
+
+ Reminders:
+
+ - Hashes: Collection of unique keys and their corresponding values. The value can be found
+   using their keys.
+   In this sample app, we're using a hash to create a sprite.
+
+ - args.outputs.sprites: An array. The values generate a sprite.
+   The parameters are [X, Y, WIDTH, HEIGHT, PATH, ANGLE, ALPHA, RED, GREEN, BLUE]
+   Before continuing with this sample app, it is HIGHLY recommended that you look
+   at mygame/documentation/05-sprites.md.
+
+ - args.inputs.keyboard.key_held.KEY: Determines if a key is being pressed.
+   For more information about the keyboard, go to mygame/documentation/06-keyboard.md.
+
+ - args.inputs.controller_one: Takes input from the controller based on what key is pressed.
+   For more information about the controller, go to mygame/documentation/08-controllers.md.
+
+ - num1.lesser(num2): Finds the lower value of the given options.
+
+=end
+
+# This sample app shows a car moving across the screen. It loops back around if it exceeds the dimensions of the screen,
+# and also can be moved in different directions through keyboard input from the user.
+
+# Calls the methods necessary for the game to run successfully.
+def tick args
+  default args
+  render args.grid, args.outputs, args.state
+  calc args.state
+  process_inputs args
+end
+
+# Sets default values for the car sprite
+# Initialization ||= only happens in the first frame
+def default args
+  args.state.sprite.width    = 19
+  args.state.sprite.height   = 10
+  args.state.sprite.scale    = 4
+  args.state.max_speed       = 5
+  args.state.x             ||= 100
+  args.state.y             ||= 100
+  args.state.speed         ||= 1
+  args.state.angle         ||= 0
+end
+
+# Outputs sprite onto screen
+def render grid, outputs, state
+  outputs.solids  <<  [grid.rect, 70, 70, 70] # outputs gray background
+  outputs.sprites <<  [destination_rect(state), # sets first four parameters of car sprite
+  'sprites/86.png', # image path of car
+  state.angle,
+  opacity, # transparency
+  saturation,
+  source_rect(state), # sprite sub division/tile (tile x, y, w, h)
+  false, false,  # don't flip sprites
+  rotation_anchor]
+
+  # also look at the create_sprite helper method
+  #
+  # For example:
+  #
+  # dest   = destination_rect(state)
+  # source = source_rect(state),
+  # outputs.sprites << create_sprite(
+  #   'sprites/86.png',
+  #   x: dest.x,
+  #   y: dest.y,
+  #   w: dest.w,
+  #   h: dest.h,
+  #   angle: state.angle,
+  #   source_x: source.x,
+  #   source_y: source.y,
+  #   source_w: source.w,
+  #   source_h: source.h,
+  #   flip_h: false,
+  #   flip_v: false,
+  #   rotation_anchor_x: 0.7,
+  #   rotation_anchor_y: 0.5
+  # )
+end
+
+# Creates sprite by setting values inside of a hash
+def create_sprite path, options = {}
+  options = {
+
+    # dest x, y, w, h
+    x: 0,
+    y: 0,
+    w: 100,
+    h: 100,
+
+    # angle, rotation
+    angle: 0,
+    rotation_anchor_x: 0.5,
+    rotation_anchor_y: 0.5,
+
+    # color saturation (red, green, blue), transparency
+    r: 255,
+    g: 255,
+    b: 255,
+    a: 255,
+
+    # source x, y, width, height
+    source_x: 0,
+    source_y: 0,
+    source_w: -1,
+    source_h: -1,
+
+    # flip horiztonally, flip vertically
+    flip_h: false,
+    flip_v: false,
+
+  }.merge options
+
+  [
+    options[:x], options[:y], options[:w], options[:h], # dest rect keys
+    path,
+    options[:angle], options[:a], options[:r], options[:g], options[:b], # angle, color, alpha
+    options[:source_x], options[:source_y], options[:source_w], options[:source_h], # source rect keys
+    options[:flip_h], options[:flip_v], # flip
+    options[:rotation_anchor_x], options[:rotation_anchor_y], # rotation anchor
+  ] # hash keys contain corresponding values
+end
+
+# Calls the calc_pos and calc_wrap methods.
+def calc state
+  calc_pos state
+  calc_wrap state
+end
+
+# Changes sprite's position on screen
+# Vectors have magnitude and direction, so the incremented x and y values give the car direction
+def calc_pos state
+  state.x     += state.angle.vector_x * state.speed # increments x by product of angle's x vector and speed
+  state.y     += state.angle.vector_y * state.speed # increments y by product of angle's y vector and speed
+  state.speed *= 1.1 # scales speed up
+  state.speed  = state.speed.lesser(state.max_speed) # speed is either current speed or max speed, whichever has a lesser value (ensures that the car doesn't go too fast or exceed the max speed)
+end
+
+# The screen's dimensions are 1280x720. If the car goes out of scope,
+# it loops back around on the screen.
+def calc_wrap state
+
+  # car returns to left side of screen if it disappears on right side of screen
+  # sprite.width refers to tile's size, which is multipled by scale (4) to make it bigger
+  state.x = -state.sprite.width * state.sprite.scale if state.x - 20 > 1280
+
+  # car wraps around to right side of screen if it disappears on the left side
+  state.x = 1280 if state.x + state.sprite.width * state.sprite.scale + 20 < 0
+
+  # car wraps around to bottom of screen if it disappears at the top of the screen
+  # if you subtract 520 pixels instead of 20 pixels, the car takes longer to reappear (try it!)
+  state.y = 0    if state.y - 20 > 720 # if 20 pixels less than car's y position is greater than vertical scope
+
+  # car wraps around to top of screen if it disappears at the bottom of the screen
+  state.y = 720  if state.y + state.sprite.height * state.sprite.scale + 20 < 0
+end
+
+# Changes angle of sprite based on user input from keyboard or controller
+def process_inputs args
+
+  # NOTE: increasing the angle doesn't mean that the car will continue to go
+  # in a specific direction. The angle is increasing, which means that if the
+  # left key was kept in the "down" state, the change in the angle would cause
+  # the car to go in a counter-clockwise direction and form a circle (360 degrees)
+  if args.inputs.keyboard.key_held.left # if left key is pressed
+    args.state.angle += 2 # car's angle is incremented by 2
+
+  # The same applies to decreasing the angle. If the right key was kept in the
+  # "down" state, the decreasing angle would cause the car to go in a clockwise
+  # direction and form a circle (360 degrees)
+  elsif args.inputs.keyboard.key_held.right # if right key is pressed
+    args.state.angle -= 2 # car's angle is decremented by 2
+
+  # Input from a controller can also change the angle of the car
+  elsif args.inputs.controller_one.left_analog_x_perc != 0
+    args.state.angle += 2 * args.inputs.controller_one.left_analog_x_perc * -1
+  end
+end
+
+# A sprite's center of rotation can be altered
+# Increasing either of these numbers would dramatically increase the
+# car's drift when it turns!
+def rotation_anchor
+  [0.7, 0.5]
+end
+
+# Sets opacity value of sprite to 255 so that it is not transparent at all
+# Change it to 0 and you won't be able to see the car sprite on the screen
+def opacity
+  255
+end
+
+# Sets the color of the sprite to white.
+def saturation
+  [255, 255, 255]
+end
+
+# Sets definition of destination_rect (used to define the car sprite)
+def destination_rect state
+  [state.x, state.y,
+  state.sprite.width  * state.sprite.scale, # multiplies by 4 to set size
+  state.sprite.height * state.sprite.scale]
+end
+
+# Portion of a sprite (a tile)
+# Sub division of sprite is denoted as a rectangle directly related to original size of .png
+# Tile is located at bottom left corner within a 19x10 pixel rectangle (based on sprite.width, sprite.height)
+def source_rect state
+  [0, 0, state.sprite.width, state.sprite.height]
+end
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/license-for-sample.txt b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/license-for-sample.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..100dcec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/license-for-sample.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Copyright 2019 DragonRuby LLC
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/replay.txt b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/replay.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a88fc4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/replay.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,891 @@
+replay_version 2.0
+stopped_at 1251
+seed 100
+recorded_at Sun Sep 29 22:24:17 2019
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -3000, 0, 1, 1, 104]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -6000, 0, 1, 2, 105]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -7000, 0, 1, 3, 106]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -8000, 0, 1, 4, 107]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -10000, 0, 1, 5, 108]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 1000, 0, 1, 6, 108]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -12000, 0, 1, 7, 109]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 2000, 0, 1, 8, 109]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -13000, 0, 1, 9, 110]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -14000, 0, 1, 10, 111]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 3000, 0, 1, 11, 113]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -15000, 0, 1, 12, 114]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -16000, 0, 1, 13, 121]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -17000, 0, 1, 14, 123]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -18000, 0, 1, 15, 124]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -19000, 0, 1, 16, 125]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -20000, 0, 1, 17, 127]
+[:key_down_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 18, 128]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 19, 129]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 20, 130]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 21, 131]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 22, 132]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 23, 133]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 24, 134]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 25, 135]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 26, 136]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 27, 137]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 28, 138]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 29, 139]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 30, 140]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 31, 141]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 32, 142]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -21000, 0, 1, 33, 142]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 34, 143]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 35, 144]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -22000, 0, 1, 36, 144]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 37, 145]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 38, 146]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 39, 147]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -23000, 0, 1, 40, 147]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 41, 148]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -24000, 0, 1, 42, 148]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 43, 149]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -26000, 0, 1, 44, 149]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 45, 150]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -27000, 0, 1, 46, 150]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 47, 151]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -30000, 0, 1, 48, 151]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 49, 152]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -31000, 0, 1, 50, 152]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 51, 153]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -32000, 0, 1, 52, 153]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 53, 154]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 54, 155]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 55, 156]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 56, 157]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 57, 158]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 58, 159]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 59, 160]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 60, 161]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 61, 162]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 2000, 0, 1, 62, 162]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 63, 163]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 64, 164]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 65, 165]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 66, 166]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 67, 167]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 68, 168]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 69, 169]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 70, 170]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 71, 171]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 72, 172]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 73, 173]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 74, 174]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 75, 175]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 76, 176]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 77, 177]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 78, 178]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 79, 179]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 80, 180]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 81, 181]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 82, 182]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 83, 183]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 84, 184]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 85, 185]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 86, 186]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 87, 187]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 88, 188]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 89, 189]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 90, 190]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 91, 191]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 92, 192]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 93, 193]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 94, 194]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 95, 195]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 96, 196]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 97, 197]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 98, 198]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 99, 199]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 100, 200]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 101, 201]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 102, 202]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 103, 203]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 104, 204]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 105, 205]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 106, 206]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 107, 207]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 108, 208]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 109, 209]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 110, 210]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 111, 211]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 112, 212]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 113, 213]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 114, 214]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 115, 215]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 116, 216]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 117, 217]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 118, 218]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 119, 219]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 120, 220]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 121, 221]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 122, 222]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 123, 223]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 124, 224]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 125, 225]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 126, 226]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 127, 227]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 128, 228]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 129, 229]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 130, 230]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 3000, 0, 1, 131, 230]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 132, 231]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 133, 232]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 134, 233]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 135, 234]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 136, 235]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 137, 236]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 138, 237]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 139, 238]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 140, 239]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 141, 240]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 142, 241]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 143, 242]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 144, 243]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 145, 244]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 146, 245]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 147, 246]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 148, 247]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 149, 248]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 150, 249]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 151, 250]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 152, 251]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 153, 252]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 154, 253]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 155, 254]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 156, 255]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 157, 256]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 158, 257]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 159, 258]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 160, 259]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 161, 260]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 162, 261]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 163, 262]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 164, 263]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 165, 264]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 166, 265]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 167, 266]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 168, 267]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 169, 268]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 170, 269]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 171, 270]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 172, 271]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 173, 272]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 174, 273]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 175, 274]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 176, 275]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 177, 276]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 178, 277]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 179, 278]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 180, 279]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 181, 280]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 182, 281]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 183, 282]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 184, 283]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 185, 284]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 186, 285]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 187, 286]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 188, 287]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 189, 288]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 190, 289]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 191, 290]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 192, 291]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 193, 292]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 194, 293]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 195, 294]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 196, 295]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 197, 296]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 198, 297]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 199, 298]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 200, 299]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 201, 300]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 202, 301]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 203, 302]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 204, 303]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 205, 304]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 206, 305]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 207, 306]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 208, 307]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 209, 308]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 210, 309]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 211, 310]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 212, 311]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 213, 312]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 214, 313]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 215, 314]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 216, 315]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 217, 316]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 218, 317]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 219, 318]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 220, 319]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 221, 320]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 222, 321]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 223, 322]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 224, 323]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 225, 324]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 226, 325]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 227, 326]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 228, 327]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 229, 328]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 230, 329]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 231, 330]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 232, 331]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 233, 332]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 234, 333]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 235, 334]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 236, 335]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 237, 336]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 238, 337]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 239, 338]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 240, 339]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 241, 340]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 242, 341]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 243, 342]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 244, 343]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 245, 344]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 246, 345]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 247, 346]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 248, 347]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 249, 348]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 250, 349]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 251, 350]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 252, 351]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 253, 352]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 254, 353]
+[:key_held_player_one, 3, 0, 1, 255, 354]
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+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -10000, 0, 1, 699, 795]
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+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -6000, 0, 1, 701, 797]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -4000, 0, 1, 702, 798]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 2000, 0, 1, 703, 798]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -2000, 0, 1, 704, 799]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 1000, 0, 1, 705, 799]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 0, 0, 1, 706, 800]
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+[:left_analog_x_player_1, 0, 0, 1, 708, 815]
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+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -8000, 0, 1, 713, 826]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, -9000, 0, 1, 714, 827]
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+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 836, 1145]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 837, 1146]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 2000, 0, 1, 838, 1146]
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+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 860, 1168]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 861, 1169]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 1000, 0, 1, 862, 1169]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 863, 1170]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 0, 0, 1, 864, 1170]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 865, 1171]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 866, 1172]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 867, 1173]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 868, 1174]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 869, 1175]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 870, 1176]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 871, 1177]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, 28000, 0, 1, 872, 1177]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 1000, 0, 1, 873, 1177]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 874, 1178]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, 24000, 0, 1, 875, 1178]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 2000, 0, 1, 876, 1178]
+[:key_held_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 877, 1179]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, 17000, 0, 1, 878, 1179]
+[:key_up_player_one, 4, 0, 1, 879, 1180]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, 5000, 0, 1, 880, 1180]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 1000, 0, 1, 881, 1180]
+[:left_analog_x_player_1, 0, 0, 1, 882, 1181]
+[:left_analog_y_player_1, 0, 0, 1, 883, 1181]
+[:key_down_raw, 1073742051, 1024, 2, 884, 1250]
+[:key_down_raw, 113, 1024, 2, 885, 1250]
+[:key_up_raw, 113, 1024, 2, 886, 1250]
+[:key_up_raw, 1073742051, 0, 2, 887, 1250]
diff --git a/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/sprites/86.png b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/sprites/86.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dad681e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/03_rendering_sprites/04_color_and_rotation/sprites/86.png