Squashed commit of the following:

commit 2d7d545c4c4bfce7fdcbcbe9baaeb437915742f0
Merge: 625a1249 b178914b
Author: Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto <[email protected]>
Date:   Fri Jun 5 14:35:13 2020 +0900

    Merge branch 'fix-mrb_open-with-nomem' of https://github.com/dearblue/mruby into dearblue-fix-mrb_open-with-nomem

commit b178914b111dda79a8f36ec4eb3e9d37b76f982e
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sat Jan 19 22:22:44 2019 +0900

    Fix invalid pointer free inside other heap's block

     1. `e = mrb_obj_alloc(...)`
     2. `e->stack = mrb->c->stack` (`mrb->c->stack` is anywhere in the range `stbase...stend`)
     3. And raised exception by `mrb_malloc()`!
     4. `mrb_free(e->stack)` by GC part (wrong free)

commit 52e3d5d8585daf86af3ed12db5ab0efefbc9b956
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sat Jan 19 21:55:36 2019 +0900

    Fix memory leak for temporary symbols when out of memory

commit 4c5499b88e47cc6012ad7d7379cb6bc74c6a0b60
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 11:42:07 2019 +0900

    Fix uninitialized pointer dereference for debug section

commit 8e993167dec62a9709d6faacd517729ddcedf4f9
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 11:41:09 2019 +0900

    Fix memory leak for temporary filenames when out of memory

commit 8b422577e6eae68a28121b88421d937e8707b487
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 10:57:51 2019 +0900

    Fix memory leak for irep when out of memory

commit 6b35ebf49a0aa3edb6bbda770ed58681e9c2e6af
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 10:55:50 2019 +0900

    Fix uninitialized pointer dereference when do not finished initializing irep

commit 2531f2631e67e0462749618e2344c733a29238f0
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 10:48:15 2019 +0900

    Fix NULL pointer dereference when do not finished initializing irep

commit e2d6896ebad13694800af49c2625e106b8440ddf
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sat Jan 19 12:54:19 2019 +0900

    Fix memory leak for irep when out of memory by `mrb_proc_new()`

commit b6214ff8a0a1c73bc9554e39053878ac50bb683f
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sat Jan 19 12:53:07 2019 +0900

    Fix memory leak for `khash_t` in `kh_init_size()` when out of memory by `kh_alloc()`

commit 19162dd6c11f0093d0011e7cab83b8f9e84c2c07
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 02:15:07 2019 +0900

    Fix memory leak for symbol string when out of memory in `kh_put()`

commit 15e67297ff54bc14ef359d6d1e745d760a4a255a
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 02:12:24 2019 +0900

    Fix keep wrong symbol index when out of memory

commit 3f8e2b375244f5441e8d62efa13c6e6a9afecb14
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 02:08:13 2019 +0900

    Fix keep wrong symbol capacity when out of memory

commit a3cfe755ab3e758046c3f4e30938ac8d567ed046
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sat Jan 19 10:11:37 2019 +0900

    Fix NULL pointer dereference `mrb->c` by `mark_context()`

commit d9c7b6be6eb54630b64eea5c35be241e551676e5
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 15:25:09 2019 +0900

    Fix protect exception for print error message

commit 100642750e4d549f2e8050f8d6cabdf8825d4495
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 11:59:02 2019 +0900

    Protect exception for mruby core initialization

commit 7a0418304ec70764fa215bef3599f5f735222075
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Fri Jan 18 20:38:27 2019 +0900

    Fix memory leak for string object when out of memory

    The `mrb_str_pool()` function has a path to call `malloc()` twice.

    If occurs `NoMemoryError` exception in second `malloc()`,
    first `malloc()` pointer is not freed.

commit fef1c152ce4e52b9e4a34dc23aca5b02907ac639
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sat Jan 19 13:05:09 2019 +0900

    Fix stack overflow when out of memory

    As a result of this change, no backtrace information is set
    for NoMemoryError (`mrb->nomem_err`).

    Detailes:

    When generating a backtrace, called `mrb_intern_lit()`,
    `mrb_str_new_cstr()` and `mrb_obj_iv_set()` function with
    `exc_debug_info()` function in `src/error.c`.

    If a `NoMemoryError` exception occurs at this time,
    the `exc_debug_info()` function will be called again,
    and in the same way `NoMemoryError` exception raised will result
    in an infinite loop to occurs stack overflow (and SIGSEGV).

commit da7d7f881bbbad9988a3a2b7bad8f2b72ff06bc6
Author: dearblue <[email protected]>
Date:   Sun Jan 20 12:00:38 2019 +0900

    Fix NULL pointer dereference `mrb->nomem_err` when not initialized

    Add internal functions (not `static`):

      * `mrb_raise_nomemory()`
      * `mrb_core_init_abort()`

1 files changed, 27 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/src/print.c b/src/print.c
index 7d2d16086..a75814d81 100644
--- a/src/print.c
+++ b/src/print.c
@@ -7,24 +7,48 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
 #include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <mruby/variable.h>
+#include <mruby/error.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
 static void
+printcstr(const char *str, size_t len, FILE *stream)
+{
+  if (str) {
+    fwrite(str, len, 1, stream);
+    putc('\n', stream);
+  }
+}
+
+static void
 printstr(mrb_value obj, FILE *stream)
 {
   if (mrb_string_p(obj)) {
-    fwrite(RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LEN(obj), 1, stream);
-    putc('\n', stream);
+    printcstr(RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LEN(obj), stream);
   }
 }
 #else
+# define printcstr(str, len, stream) (void)0
 # define printstr(obj, stream) (void)0
 #endif
 
+void
+mrb_core_init_printabort(void)
+{
+  static const char *str = "Failed mruby core initialization";
+  printcstr(str, strlen(str), stdout);
+}
+
 MRB_API void
 mrb_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj)
 {
-  printstr(mrb_inspect(mrb, obj), stdout);
+  if (mrb_type(obj) == MRB_TT_EXCEPTION && mrb_obj_ptr(obj) == mrb->nomem_err) {
+    static const char *str = "Out of memory";
+    printcstr(str, strlen(str), stdout);
+  }
+  else {
+    printstr(mrb_inspect(mrb, obj), stdout);
+  }
 }
 
 MRB_API void