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# The new bytecode
We will reimplement VM to use 8bit instruction code. By
bytecode, we mean real byte code. The whole purpose is
reducing the memory consumption of mruby VM.
# Instructions
Instructions are bytes. There can be 256 instructions. Currently we
have 94 instructions. Instructions can take 0 to 3 operands.
## operands
The size of operands can be either 8bits, 16bits or 24bits.
In the table.1 below, the second field describes the size (and
sign) of operands.
* B: 8bit
* S: 16bit
* sS: signed 16bit
* W: 24bit
## table.1 Instruction Table
| Instruction Name | Operand type | Semantics |
|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| OP_NOP | - | no operation |
| OP_MOVE" | BB | R(a) = R(b) |
| OP_LOADL" | BB | R(a) = Pool(b) |
| OP_LOADI" | BB | R(a) = mrb_int(b) |
| OP_LOADINEG" | BB | R(a) = mrb_int(-b) |
| OP_LOADI__1' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(-1) |
| OP_LOADI_0' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(0) |
| OP_LOADI_1' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(1) |
| OP_LOADI_2' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(2) |
| OP_LOADI_3' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(3) |
| OP_LOADI_4' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(4) |
| OP_LOADI_5' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(5) |
| OP_LOADI_6' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(6) |
| OP_LOADI_7' | B | R(a) = mrb_int(7) |
| OP_LOADI16' | BsS | R(a) = mrb_int(b) |
| OP_LOADSYM" | BB | R(a) = Syms(b) |
| OP_LOADNIL' | B | R(a) = nil |
| OP_LOADSELF' | B | R(a) = self |
| OP_LOADT' | B | R(a) = true |
| OP_LOADF' | B | R(a) = false |
| OP_GETGV" | BB | R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b)) |
| OP_SETGV" | BB | setglobal(Syms(b), R(a)) |
| OP_GETSV" | BB | R(a) = Special[Syms(b)] |
| OP_SETSV" | BB | Special[Syms(b)] = R(a) |
| OP_GETIV" | BB | R(a) = ivget(Syms(b)) |
| OP_SETIV" | BB | ivset(Syms(b),R(a)) |
| OP_GETCV" | BB | R(a) = cvget(Syms(b)) |
| OP_SETCV" | BB | cvset(Syms(b),R(a)) |
| OP_GETCONST" | BB | R(a) = constget(Syms(b)) |
| OP_SETCONST" | BB | constset(Syms(b),R(a)) |
| OP_GETMCNST" | BB | R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b) |
| OP_SETMCNST" | BB | R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a) |
| OP_GETUPVAR" | BBB | R(a) = uvget(b,c) |
| OP_SETUPVAR" | BBB | uvset(b,c,R(a)) |
| OP_JMP | S | pc=a |
| OP_JMPIF' | BS | if R(a) pc=b |
| OP_JMPNOT' | BS | if !R(a) pc=b |
| OP_JMPNIL' | BS | if R(a)==nil pc=b |
| OP_ONERR | S | rescue_push(a) |
| OP_EXCEPT' | B | R(a) = exc |
| OP_RESCUE" | BB | R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b)) |
| OP_POPERR' | B | a.times{rescue_pop()} |
| OP_RAISE' | B | raise(R(a)) |
| OP_EPUSH' | B | ensure_push(SEQ[a]) |
| OP_EPOP' | B | A.times{ensure_pop().call} |
| OP_SENDV" | BB | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1)) |
| OP_SENDVB" | BB | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),&R(a+2)) |
| OP_SEND" | BBB | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c)) |
| OP_SENDB" | BBB | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c),&R(a+c+1)) |
| OP_CALL | - | R(0) = self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv) |
| OP_SUPER" | BB | R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1)) |
| OP_ARGARY' | BS | R(a) = argument array (16=5:1:5:1:4) |
| OP_ENTER | W | arg setup according to flags (23=5:5:1:5:5:1:1) |
| OP_KEY_P" | BB | R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b)) |
| OP_KEYEND | - | raise unless kdict.empty? |
| OP_KARG" | BB | R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b)) |
| OP_RETURN' | B | return R(a) (normal) |
| OP_RETURN_BLK' | B | return R(a) (in-block return) |
| OP_BREAK' | B | break R(a) |
| OP_BLKPUSH' | BS | R(a) = block (16=5:1:5:1:4) |
| OP_ADD' | B | R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1) |
| OP_ADDI" | BB | R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(b) |
| OP_SUB' | B | R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1) |
| OP_SUBI" | BB | R(a) = R(a)-mrb_int(b) |
| OP_MUL' | B | R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1) |
| OP_DIV' | B | R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1) |
| OP_EQ' | B | R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1) |
| OP_LT' | B | R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1) |
| OP_LE' | B | R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1) |
| OP_GT' | B | R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1) |
| OP_GE' | B | R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1) |
| OP_ARRAY" | BB | R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b)) |
| OP_ARRAY2" | BBB | R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c)) |
| OP_ARYCAT' | B | ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1)) |
| OP_ARYPUSH' | B | ary_push(R(a),R(a+1)) |
| OP_ARYDUP' | B | R(a) = ary_dup(R(a)) |
| OP_AREF" | BBB | R(a) = R(b)[c] |
| OP_ASET" | BBB | R(a)[c] = R(b) |
| OP_APOST" | BBB | *R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..] |
| OP_INTERN' | B | R(a) = intern(R(a)) |
| OP_STRING" | BB | R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b)) |
| OP_STRCAT' | B | str_cat(R(a),R(a+1)) |
| OP_HASH" | BB | R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b)) |
| OP_HASHADD" | BB | R(a) = hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b)) |
| OP_HASHCAT' | B | R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1)) |
| OP_LAMBDA" | BB | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_LAMBDA) |
| OP_BLOCK" | BB | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_BLOCK) |
| OP_METHOD" | BB | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_METHOD) |
| OP_RANGE_INC' | B | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE) |
| OP_RANGE_EXC' | B | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE) |
| OP_OCLASS' | B | R(a) = ::Object |
| OP_CLASS" | BB | R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1)) |
| OP_MODULE" | BB | R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b)) |
| OP_EXEC" | BB | R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b]) |
| OP_DEF" | BB | R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1)) |
| OP_ALIAS" | BB | alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b)) |
| OP_UNDEF' | B | undef_method(target_class,Syms(a)) |
| OP_SCLASS' | B | R(a) = R(a).singleton_class |
| OP_TCLASS' | B | R(a) = target_class |
| OP_DEBUG" | BBB | print a,b,c |
| OP_ERR' | B | raise(LocalJumpError, Lit(a)) |
| OP_STOP | - | stop VM |
|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
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