refactor(mcp): remove async facade exports (#22324)

8 files changed, 530 insertions, 418 deletions

diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/mcp.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/mcp.ts
index e33ab6a35..4904db1c3 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/mcp.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/mcp.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ import { Global } from "../../global"
 import { modify, applyEdits } from "jsonc-parser"
 import { Filesystem } from "../../util/filesystem"
 import { Bus } from "../../bus"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { AppRuntime } from "../../effect/app-runtime"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 
 function getAuthStatusIcon(status: MCP.AuthStatus): string {
   switch (status) {
@@ -51,6 +52,47 @@ function isMcpRemote(config: McpEntry): config is McpRemote {
   return isMcpConfigured(config) && config.type === "remote"
 }
 
+function configuredServers(config: Config.Info) {
+  return Object.entries(config.mcp ?? {}).filter((entry): entry is [string, McpConfigured] => isMcpConfigured(entry[1]))
+}
+
+function oauthServers(config: Config.Info) {
+  return configuredServers(config).filter(
+    (entry): entry is [string, McpRemote] => isMcpRemote(entry[1]) && entry[1].oauth !== false,
+  )
+}
+
+async function listState() {
+  return AppRuntime.runPromise(
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const cfg = yield* Config.Service
+      const mcp = yield* MCP.Service
+      const config = yield* cfg.get()
+      const statuses = yield* mcp.status()
+      const stored = yield* Effect.all(
+        Object.fromEntries(configuredServers(config).map(([name]) => [name, mcp.hasStoredTokens(name)])),
+        { concurrency: "unbounded" },
+      )
+      return { config, statuses, stored }
+    }),
+  )
+}
+
+async function authState() {
+  return AppRuntime.runPromise(
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const cfg = yield* Config.Service
+      const mcp = yield* MCP.Service
+      const config = yield* cfg.get()
+      const auth = yield* Effect.all(
+        Object.fromEntries(oauthServers(config).map(([name]) => [name, mcp.getAuthStatus(name)])),
+        { concurrency: "unbounded" },
+      )
+      return { config, auth }
+    }),
+  )
+}
+
 export const McpCommand = cmd({
   command: "mcp",
   describe: "manage MCP (Model Context Protocol) servers",
@@ -76,13 +118,8 @@ export const McpListCommand = cmd({
         UI.empty()
         prompts.intro("MCP Servers")
 
-        const config = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.get()))
-        const mcpServers = config.mcp ?? {}
-        const statuses = await MCP.status()
-
-        const servers = Object.entries(mcpServers).filter((entry): entry is [string, McpConfigured] =>
-          isMcpConfigured(entry[1]),
-        )
+        const { config, statuses, stored } = await listState()
+        const servers = configuredServers(config)
 
         if (servers.length === 0) {
           prompts.log.warn("No MCP servers configured")
@@ -93,7 +130,7 @@ export const McpListCommand = cmd({
         for (const [name, serverConfig] of servers) {
           const status = statuses[name]
           const hasOAuth = isMcpRemote(serverConfig) && !!serverConfig.oauth
-          const hasStoredTokens = await MCP.hasStoredTokens(name)
+          const hasStoredTokens = stored[name]
 
           let statusIcon: string
           let statusText: string
@@ -153,15 +190,11 @@ export const McpAuthCommand = cmd({
         UI.empty()
         prompts.intro("MCP OAuth Authentication")
 
-        const config = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.get()))
+        const { config, auth } = await authState()
         const mcpServers = config.mcp ?? {}
+        const servers = oauthServers(config)
 
-        // Get OAuth-capable servers (remote servers with oauth not explicitly disabled)
-        const oauthServers = Object.entries(mcpServers).filter(
-          (entry): entry is [string, McpRemote] => isMcpRemote(entry[1]) && entry[1].oauth !== false,
-        )
-
-        if (oauthServers.length === 0) {
+        if (servers.length === 0) {
           prompts.log.warn("No OAuth-capable MCP servers configured")
           prompts.log.info("Remote MCP servers support OAuth by default. Add a remote server in opencode.json:")
           prompts.log.info(`
@@ -178,19 +211,17 @@ export const McpAuthCommand = cmd({
         let serverName = args.name
         if (!serverName) {
           // Build options with auth status
-          const options = await Promise.all(
-            oauthServers.map(async ([name, cfg]) => {
-              const authStatus = await MCP.getAuthStatus(name)
-              const icon = getAuthStatusIcon(authStatus)
-              const statusText = getAuthStatusText(authStatus)
-              const url = cfg.url
-              return {
-                label: `${icon} ${name} (${statusText})`,
-                value: name,
-                hint: url,
-              }
-            }),
-          )
+          const options = servers.map(([name, cfg]) => {
+            const authStatus = auth[name]
+            const icon = getAuthStatusIcon(authStatus)
+            const statusText = getAuthStatusText(authStatus)
+            const url = cfg.url
+            return {
+              label: `${icon} ${name} (${statusText})`,
+              value: name,
+              hint: url,
+            }
+          })
 
           const selected = await prompts.select({
             message: "Select MCP server to authenticate",
@@ -214,7 +245,8 @@ export const McpAuthCommand = cmd({
         }
 
         // Check if already authenticated
-        const authStatus = await MCP.getAuthStatus(serverName)
+        const authStatus =
+          auth[serverName] ?? (await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.getAuthStatus(serverName))))
         if (authStatus === "authenticated") {
           const confirm = await prompts.confirm({
             message: `${serverName} already has valid credentials. Re-authenticate?`,
@@ -241,7 +273,7 @@ export const McpAuthCommand = cmd({
         })
 
         try {
-          const status = await MCP.authenticate(serverName)
+          const status = await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.authenticate(serverName)))
 
           if (status.status === "connected") {
             spinner.stop("Authentication successful!")
@@ -290,22 +322,17 @@ export const McpAuthListCommand = cmd({
         UI.empty()
         prompts.intro("MCP OAuth Status")
 
-        const config = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.get()))
-        const mcpServers = config.mcp ?? {}
-
-        // Get OAuth-capable servers
-        const oauthServers = Object.entries(mcpServers).filter(
-          (entry): entry is [string, McpRemote] => isMcpRemote(entry[1]) && entry[1].oauth !== false,
-        )
+        const { config, auth } = await authState()
+        const servers = oauthServers(config)
 
-        if (oauthServers.length === 0) {
+        if (servers.length === 0) {
           prompts.log.warn("No OAuth-capable MCP servers configured")
           prompts.outro("Done")
           return
         }
 
-        for (const [name, serverConfig] of oauthServers) {
-          const authStatus = await MCP.getAuthStatus(name)
+        for (const [name, serverConfig] of servers) {
+          const authStatus = auth[name]
           const icon = getAuthStatusIcon(authStatus)
           const statusText = getAuthStatusText(authStatus)
           const url = serverConfig.url
@@ -313,7 +340,7 @@ export const McpAuthListCommand = cmd({
           prompts.log.info(`${icon} ${name} ${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}${statusText}\n    ${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}${url}`)
         }
 
-        prompts.outro(`${oauthServers.length} OAuth-capable server(s)`)
+        prompts.outro(`${servers.length} OAuth-capable server(s)`)
       },
     })
   },
@@ -335,7 +362,7 @@ export const McpLogoutCommand = cmd({
         prompts.intro("MCP OAuth Logout")
 
         const authPath = path.join(Global.Path.data, "mcp-auth.json")
-        const credentials = await McpAuth.all()
+        const credentials = await AppRuntime.runPromise(McpAuth.Service.use((auth) => auth.all()))
         const serverNames = Object.keys(credentials)
 
         if (serverNames.length === 0) {
@@ -373,7 +400,7 @@ export const McpLogoutCommand = cmd({
           return
         }
 
-        await MCP.removeAuth(serverName)
+        await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.removeAuth(serverName)))
         prompts.log.success(`Removed OAuth credentials for ${serverName}`)
         prompts.outro("Done")
       },
@@ -623,10 +650,18 @@ export const McpDebugCommand = cmd({
         prompts.log.info(`URL: ${serverConfig.url}`)
 
         // Check stored auth status
-        const authStatus = await MCP.getAuthStatus(serverName)
+        const { authStatus, entry } = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const mcp = yield* MCP.Service
+            const auth = yield* McpAuth.Service
+            return {
+              authStatus: yield* mcp.getAuthStatus(serverName),
+              entry: yield* auth.get(serverName),
+            }
+          }),
+        )
         prompts.log.info(`Auth status: ${getAuthStatusIcon(authStatus)} ${getAuthStatusText(authStatus)}`)
 
-        const entry = await McpAuth.get(serverName)
         if (entry?.tokens) {
           prompts.log.info(`  Access token: ${entry.tokens.accessToken.substring(0, 20)}...`)
           if (entry.tokens.expiresAt) {
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/mcp/index.ts b/packages/opencode/src/mcp/index.ts
index 696a662c1..fc34143a2 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/mcp/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/mcp/index.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import open from "open"
 import { Effect, Exit, Layer, Option, Context, Stream } from "effect"
 import { EffectLogger } from "@/effect/logger"
 import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
-import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
 import { ChildProcess, ChildProcessSpawner } from "effect/unstable/process"
 import * as CrossSpawnSpawner from "@/effect/cross-spawn-spawner"
 
@@ -890,37 +889,4 @@ export namespace MCP {
     Layer.provide(CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer),
     Layer.provide(AppFileSystem.defaultLayer),
   )
-
-  const { runPromise } = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)
-
-  // --- Async facade functions ---
-
-  export const status = async () => runPromise((svc) => svc.status())
-
-  export const tools = async () => runPromise((svc) => svc.tools())
-
-  export const prompts = async () => runPromise((svc) => svc.prompts())
-
-  export const resources = async () => runPromise((svc) => svc.resources())
-
-  export const add = async (name: string, mcp: Config.Mcp) => runPromise((svc) => svc.add(name, mcp))
-
-  export const connect = async (name: string) => runPromise((svc) => svc.connect(name))
-
-  export const disconnect = async (name: string) => runPromise((svc) => svc.disconnect(name))
-
-  export const startAuth = async (mcpName: string) => runPromise((svc) => svc.startAuth(mcpName))
-
-  export const authenticate = async (mcpName: string) => runPromise((svc) => svc.authenticate(mcpName))
-
-  export const finishAuth = async (mcpName: string, authorizationCode: string) =>
-    runPromise((svc) => svc.finishAuth(mcpName, authorizationCode))
-
-  export const removeAuth = async (mcpName: string) => runPromise((svc) => svc.removeAuth(mcpName))
-
-  export const supportsOAuth = async (mcpName: string) => runPromise((svc) => svc.supportsOAuth(mcpName))
-
-  export const hasStoredTokens = async (mcpName: string) => runPromise((svc) => svc.hasStoredTokens(mcpName))
-
-  export const getAuthStatus = async (mcpName: string) => runPromise((svc) => svc.getAuthStatus(mcpName))
 }
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/server/instance/experimental.ts b/packages/opencode/src/server/instance/experimental.ts
index 978aa03a9..ca8b89fa6 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/instance/experimental.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/instance/experimental.ts
@@ -408,7 +408,14 @@ export const ExperimentalRoutes = lazy(() =>
         },
       }),
       async (c) => {
-        return c.json(await MCP.resources())
+        return c.json(
+          await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              const mcp = yield* MCP.Service
+              return yield* mcp.resources()
+            }),
+          ),
+        )
       },
     ),
 )
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/server/instance/mcp.ts b/packages/opencode/src/server/instance/mcp.ts
index 1e604c991..f1c8701c4 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/instance/mcp.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/instance/mcp.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ import { describeRoute, validator, resolver } from "hono-openapi"
 import z from "zod"
 import { MCP } from "../../mcp"
 import { Config } from "../../config/config"
+import { AppRuntime } from "../../effect/app-runtime"
 import { errors } from "../error"
 import { lazy } from "../../util/lazy"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 
 export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
   new Hono()
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
         },
       }),
       async (c) => {
-        return c.json(await MCP.status())
+        return c.json(await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.status())))
       },
     )
     .post(
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
       ),
       async (c) => {
         const { name, config } = c.req.valid("json")
-        const result = await MCP.add(name, config)
+        const result = await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.add(name, config)))
         return c.json(result.status)
       },
     )
@@ -84,12 +86,21 @@ export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
       }),
       async (c) => {
         const name = c.req.param("name")
-        const supportsOAuth = await MCP.supportsOAuth(name)
-        if (!supportsOAuth) {
+        const result = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const mcp = yield* MCP.Service
+            const supports = yield* mcp.supportsOAuth(name)
+            if (!supports) return { supports }
+            return {
+              supports,
+              auth: yield* mcp.startAuth(name),
+            }
+          }),
+        )
+        if (!result.supports) {
           return c.json({ error: `MCP server ${name} does not support OAuth` }, 400)
         }
-        const result = await MCP.startAuth(name)
-        return c.json(result)
+        return c.json(result.auth)
       },
     )
     .post(
@@ -120,7 +131,7 @@ export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
       async (c) => {
         const name = c.req.param("name")
         const { code } = c.req.valid("json")
-        const status = await MCP.finishAuth(name, code)
+        const status = await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.finishAuth(name, code)))
         return c.json(status)
       },
     )
@@ -144,12 +155,21 @@ export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
       }),
       async (c) => {
         const name = c.req.param("name")
-        const supportsOAuth = await MCP.supportsOAuth(name)
-        if (!supportsOAuth) {
+        const result = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const mcp = yield* MCP.Service
+            const supports = yield* mcp.supportsOAuth(name)
+            if (!supports) return { supports }
+            return {
+              supports,
+              status: yield* mcp.authenticate(name),
+            }
+          }),
+        )
+        if (!result.supports) {
           return c.json({ error: `MCP server ${name} does not support OAuth` }, 400)
         }
-        const status = await MCP.authenticate(name)
-        return c.json(status)
+        return c.json(result.status)
       },
     )
     .delete(
@@ -172,7 +192,7 @@ export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
       }),
       async (c) => {
         const name = c.req.param("name")
-        await MCP.removeAuth(name)
+        await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.removeAuth(name)))
         return c.json({ success: true as const })
       },
     )
@@ -195,7 +215,7 @@ export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
       validator("param", z.object({ name: z.string() })),
       async (c) => {
         const { name } = c.req.valid("param")
-        await MCP.connect(name)
+        await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.connect(name)))
         return c.json(true)
       },
     )
@@ -218,7 +238,7 @@ export const McpRoutes = lazy(() =>
       validator("param", z.object({ name: z.string() })),
       async (c) => {
         const { name } = c.req.valid("param")
-        await MCP.disconnect(name)
+        await AppRuntime.runPromise(MCP.Service.use((mcp) => mcp.disconnect(name)))
         return c.json(true)
       },
     ),
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/mcp/headers.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/mcp/headers.test.ts
index 69998aaaa..14c08e303 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/mcp/headers.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/mcp/headers.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { test, expect, mock, beforeEach } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { MCP as MCPNS } from "../../src/mcp/index"
 
 // Track what options were passed to each transport constructor
 const transportCalls: Array<{
@@ -44,8 +46,10 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 
 // Import MCP after mocking
 const { MCP } = await import("../../src/mcp/index")
+const { AppRuntime } = await import("../../src/effect/app-runtime")
 const { Instance } = await import("../../src/project/instance")
 const { tmpdir } = await import("../fixture/fixture")
+const service = MCP.Service as unknown as Effect.Effect<MCPNS.Interface, never, never>
 
 test("headers are passed to transports when oauth is enabled (default)", async () => {
   await using tmp = await tmpdir({
@@ -73,14 +77,21 @@ test("headers are passed to transports when oauth is enabled (default)", async (
     directory: tmp.path,
     fn: async () => {
       // Trigger MCP initialization - it will fail to connect but we can check the transport options
-      await MCP.add("test-server", {
-        type: "remote",
-        url: "https://example.com/mcp",
-        headers: {
-          Authorization: "Bearer test-token",
-          "X-Custom-Header": "custom-value",
-        },
-      }).catch(() => {})
+      await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const mcp = yield* service
+          yield* mcp
+            .add("test-server", {
+              type: "remote",
+              url: "https://example.com/mcp",
+              headers: {
+                Authorization: "Bearer test-token",
+                "X-Custom-Header": "custom-value",
+              },
+            })
+            .pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void))
+        }),
+      )
 
       // Both transports should have been created with headers
       expect(transportCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
@@ -106,14 +117,21 @@ test("headers are passed to transports when oauth is explicitly disabled", async
     fn: async () => {
       transportCalls.length = 0
 
-      await MCP.add("test-server-no-oauth", {
-        type: "remote",
-        url: "https://example.com/mcp",
-        oauth: false,
-        headers: {
-          Authorization: "Bearer test-token",
-        },
-      }).catch(() => {})
+      await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const mcp = yield* service
+          yield* mcp
+            .add("test-server-no-oauth", {
+              type: "remote",
+              url: "https://example.com/mcp",
+              oauth: false,
+              headers: {
+                Authorization: "Bearer test-token",
+              },
+            })
+            .pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void))
+        }),
+      )
 
       expect(transportCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
 
@@ -137,10 +155,17 @@ test("no requestInit when headers are not provided", async () => {
     fn: async () => {
       transportCalls.length = 0
 
-      await MCP.add("test-server-no-headers", {
-        type: "remote",
-        url: "https://example.com/mcp",
-      }).catch(() => {})
+      await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const mcp = yield* service
+          yield* mcp
+            .add("test-server-no-headers", {
+              type: "remote",
+              url: "https://example.com/mcp",
+            })
+            .pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void))
+        }),
+      )
 
       expect(transportCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/mcp/lifecycle.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/mcp/lifecycle.test.ts
index 3d17d3a0d..09caa1cd8 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/mcp/lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/mcp/lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { test, expect, mock, beforeEach } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { MCP as MCPNS } from "../../src/mcp/index"
 
 // --- Mock infrastructure ---
 
@@ -170,7 +172,10 @@ const { tmpdir } = await import("../fixture/fixture")
 
 // --- Helper ---
 
-function withInstance(config: Record<string, any>, fn: () => Promise<void>) {
+function withInstance(
+  config: Record<string, unknown>,
+  fn: (mcp: MCPNS.Interface) => Effect.Effect<void, unknown, never>,
+) {
   return async () => {
     await using tmp = await tmpdir({
       init: async (dir) => {
@@ -187,7 +192,7 @@ function withInstance(config: Record<string, any>, fn: () => Promise<void>) {
     await Instance.provide({
       directory: tmp.path,
       fn: async () => {
-        await fn()
+        await Effect.runPromise(MCP.Service.use(fn).pipe(Effect.provide(MCP.defaultLayer)))
         // dispose instance to clean up state between tests
         await Instance.dispose()
       },
@@ -201,28 +206,30 @@ function withInstance(config: Record<string, any>, fn: () => Promise<void>) {
 
 test(
   "tools() reuses cached tool definitions after connect",
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    lastCreatedClientName = "my-server"
-    const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("my-server")
-    serverState.tools = [
-      { name: "do_thing", description: "does a thing", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } },
-    ]
-
-    // First: add the server successfully
-    const addResult = await MCP.add("my-server", {
-      type: "local",
-      command: ["echo", "test"],
-    })
-    expect((addResult.status as any)["my-server"]?.status ?? (addResult.status as any).status).toBe("connected")
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      lastCreatedClientName = "my-server"
+      const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("my-server")
+      serverState.tools = [
+        { name: "do_thing", description: "does a thing", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } },
+      ]
+
+      // First: add the server successfully
+      const addResult = yield* mcp.add("my-server", {
+        type: "local",
+        command: ["echo", "test"],
+      })
+      expect((addResult.status as any)["my-server"]?.status ?? (addResult.status as any).status).toBe("connected")
 
-    expect(serverState.listToolsCalls).toBe(1)
+      expect(serverState.listToolsCalls).toBe(1)
 
-    const toolsA = await MCP.tools()
-    const toolsB = await MCP.tools()
-    expect(Object.keys(toolsA).length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    expect(Object.keys(toolsB).length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-    expect(serverState.listToolsCalls).toBe(1)
-  }),
+      const toolsA = yield* mcp.tools()
+      const toolsB = yield* mcp.tools()
+      expect(Object.keys(toolsA).length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      expect(Object.keys(toolsB).length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      expect(serverState.listToolsCalls).toBe(1)
+    }),
+  ),
 )
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -231,30 +238,32 @@ test(
 
 test(
   "tool change notifications refresh cached tool definitions",
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    lastCreatedClientName = "status-server"
-    const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("status-server")
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      lastCreatedClientName = "status-server"
+      const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("status-server")
 
-    await MCP.add("status-server", {
-      type: "local",
-      command: ["echo", "test"],
-    })
+      yield* mcp.add("status-server", {
+        type: "local",
+        command: ["echo", "test"],
+      })
 
-    const before = await MCP.tools()
-    expect(Object.keys(before).some((key) => key.includes("test_tool"))).toBe(true)
-    expect(serverState.listToolsCalls).toBe(1)
+      const before = yield* mcp.tools()
+      expect(Object.keys(before).some((key) => key.includes("test_tool"))).toBe(true)
+      expect(serverState.listToolsCalls).toBe(1)
 
-    serverState.tools = [{ name: "next_tool", description: "next", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } }]
+      serverState.tools = [{ name: "next_tool", description: "next", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } }]
 
-    const handler = Array.from(serverState.notificationHandlers.values())[0]
-    expect(handler).toBeDefined()
-    await handler?.()
+      const handler = Array.from(serverState.notificationHandlers.values())[0]
+      expect(handler).toBeDefined()
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => handler?.())
 
-    const after = await MCP.tools()
-    expect(Object.keys(after).some((key) => key.includes("next_tool"))).toBe(true)
-    expect(Object.keys(after).some((key) => key.includes("test_tool"))).toBe(false)
-    expect(serverState.listToolsCalls).toBe(2)
-  }),
+      const after = yield* mcp.tools()
+      expect(Object.keys(after).some((key) => key.includes("next_tool"))).toBe(true)
+      expect(Object.keys(after).some((key) => key.includes("test_tool"))).toBe(false)
+      expect(serverState.listToolsCalls).toBe(2)
+    }),
+  ),
 )
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -270,28 +279,29 @@ test(
         command: ["echo", "test"],
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      lastCreatedClientName = "disc-server"
-      getOrCreateClientState("disc-server")
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        lastCreatedClientName = "disc-server"
+        getOrCreateClientState("disc-server")
 
-      await MCP.add("disc-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "test"],
-      })
+        yield* mcp.add("disc-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "test"],
+        })
 
-      const statusBefore = await MCP.status()
-      expect(statusBefore["disc-server"]?.status).toBe("connected")
+        const statusBefore = yield* mcp.status()
+        expect(statusBefore["disc-server"]?.status).toBe("connected")
 
-      await MCP.disconnect("disc-server")
+        yield* mcp.disconnect("disc-server")
 
-      const statusAfter = await MCP.status()
-      expect(statusAfter["disc-server"]?.status).toBe("disabled")
+        const statusAfter = yield* mcp.status()
+        expect(statusAfter["disc-server"]?.status).toBe("disabled")
 
-      // Tools should be empty after disconnect
-      const tools = await MCP.tools()
-      const serverTools = Object.keys(tools).filter((k) => k.startsWith("disc-server"))
-      expect(serverTools.length).toBe(0)
-    },
+        // Tools should be empty after disconnect
+        const tools = yield* mcp.tools()
+        const serverTools = Object.keys(tools).filter((k) => k.startsWith("disc-server"))
+        expect(serverTools.length).toBe(0)
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -304,26 +314,29 @@ test(
         command: ["echo", "test"],
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      lastCreatedClientName = "reconn-server"
-      const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("reconn-server")
-      serverState.tools = [{ name: "my_tool", description: "a tool", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } }]
-
-      await MCP.add("reconn-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "test"],
-      })
-
-      await MCP.disconnect("reconn-server")
-      expect((await MCP.status())["reconn-server"]?.status).toBe("disabled")
-
-      // Reconnect
-      await MCP.connect("reconn-server")
-      expect((await MCP.status())["reconn-server"]?.status).toBe("connected")
-
-      const tools = await MCP.tools()
-      expect(Object.keys(tools).some((k) => k.includes("my_tool"))).toBe(true)
-    },
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        lastCreatedClientName = "reconn-server"
+        const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("reconn-server")
+        serverState.tools = [
+          { name: "my_tool", description: "a tool", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } },
+        ]
+
+        yield* mcp.add("reconn-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "test"],
+        })
+
+        yield* mcp.disconnect("reconn-server")
+        expect((yield* mcp.status())["reconn-server"]?.status).toBe("disabled")
+
+        // Reconnect
+        yield* mcp.connect("reconn-server")
+        expect((yield* mcp.status())["reconn-server"]?.status).toBe("connected")
+
+        const tools = yield* mcp.tools()
+        expect(Object.keys(tools).some((k) => k.includes("my_tool"))).toBe(true)
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -335,30 +348,32 @@ test(
   "add() closes the old client when replacing a server",
   // Don't put the server in config — add it dynamically so we control
   // exactly which client instance is "first" vs "second".
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    lastCreatedClientName = "replace-server"
-    const firstState = getOrCreateClientState("replace-server")
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      lastCreatedClientName = "replace-server"
+      const firstState = getOrCreateClientState("replace-server")
 
-    await MCP.add("replace-server", {
-      type: "local",
-      command: ["echo", "test"],
-    })
+      yield* mcp.add("replace-server", {
+        type: "local",
+        command: ["echo", "test"],
+      })
 
-    expect(firstState.closed).toBe(false)
+      expect(firstState.closed).toBe(false)
 
-    // Create new state for second client
-    clientStates.delete("replace-server")
-    const secondState = getOrCreateClientState("replace-server")
+      // Create new state for second client
+      clientStates.delete("replace-server")
+      const secondState = getOrCreateClientState("replace-server")
 
-    // Re-add should close the first client
-    await MCP.add("replace-server", {
-      type: "local",
-      command: ["echo", "test"],
-    })
+      // Re-add should close the first client
+      yield* mcp.add("replace-server", {
+        type: "local",
+        command: ["echo", "test"],
+      })
 
-    expect(firstState.closed).toBe(true)
-    expect(secondState.closed).toBe(false)
-  }),
+      expect(firstState.closed).toBe(true)
+      expect(secondState.closed).toBe(false)
+    }),
+  ),
 )
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -378,37 +393,38 @@ test(
         command: ["echo", "bad"],
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      // Set up good server
-      const goodState = getOrCreateClientState("good-server")
-      goodState.tools = [{ name: "good_tool", description: "works", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } }]
-
-      // Set up bad server - will fail on listTools during create()
-      const badState = getOrCreateClientState("bad-server")
-      badState.listToolsShouldFail = true
-
-      // Add good server first
-      lastCreatedClientName = "good-server"
-      await MCP.add("good-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "good"],
-      })
-
-      // Add bad server - should fail but not affect good server
-      lastCreatedClientName = "bad-server"
-      await MCP.add("bad-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "bad"],
-      })
-
-      const status = await MCP.status()
-      expect(status["good-server"]?.status).toBe("connected")
-      expect(status["bad-server"]?.status).toBe("failed")
-
-      // Good server's tools should still be available
-      const tools = await MCP.tools()
-      expect(Object.keys(tools).some((k) => k.includes("good_tool"))).toBe(true)
-    },
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        // Set up good server
+        const goodState = getOrCreateClientState("good-server")
+        goodState.tools = [{ name: "good_tool", description: "works", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } }]
+
+        // Set up bad server - will fail on listTools during create()
+        const badState = getOrCreateClientState("bad-server")
+        badState.listToolsShouldFail = true
+
+        // Add good server first
+        lastCreatedClientName = "good-server"
+        yield* mcp.add("good-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "good"],
+        })
+
+        // Add bad server - should fail but not affect good server
+        lastCreatedClientName = "bad-server"
+        yield* mcp.add("bad-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "bad"],
+        })
+
+        const status = yield* mcp.status()
+        expect(status["good-server"]?.status).toBe("connected")
+        expect(status["bad-server"]?.status).toBe("failed")
+
+        // Good server's tools should still be available
+        const tools = yield* mcp.tools()
+        expect(Object.keys(tools).some((k) => k.includes("good_tool"))).toBe(true)
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -426,21 +442,22 @@ test(
         enabled: false,
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      const countBefore = clientCreateCount
-
-      await MCP.add("disabled-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "test"],
-        enabled: false,
-      } as any)
-
-      // No client should have been created
-      expect(clientCreateCount).toBe(countBefore)
-
-      const status = await MCP.status()
-      expect(status["disabled-server"]?.status).toBe("disabled")
-    },
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const countBefore = clientCreateCount
+
+        yield* mcp.add("disabled-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "test"],
+          enabled: false,
+        } as any)
+
+        // No client should have been created
+        expect(clientCreateCount).toBe(countBefore)
+
+        const status = yield* mcp.status()
+        expect(status["disabled-server"]?.status).toBe("disabled")
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -457,22 +474,23 @@ test(
         command: ["echo", "test"],
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      lastCreatedClientName = "prompt-server"
-      const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("prompt-server")
-      serverState.prompts = [{ name: "my-prompt", description: "A test prompt" }]
-
-      await MCP.add("prompt-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "test"],
-      })
-
-      const prompts = await MCP.prompts()
-      expect(Object.keys(prompts).length).toBe(1)
-      const key = Object.keys(prompts)[0]
-      expect(key).toContain("prompt-server")
-      expect(key).toContain("my-prompt")
-    },
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        lastCreatedClientName = "prompt-server"
+        const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("prompt-server")
+        serverState.prompts = [{ name: "my-prompt", description: "A test prompt" }]
+
+        yield* mcp.add("prompt-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "test"],
+        })
+
+        const prompts = yield* mcp.prompts()
+        expect(Object.keys(prompts).length).toBe(1)
+        const key = Object.keys(prompts)[0]
+        expect(key).toContain("prompt-server")
+        expect(key).toContain("my-prompt")
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -485,22 +503,23 @@ test(
         command: ["echo", "test"],
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      lastCreatedClientName = "resource-server"
-      const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("resource-server")
-      serverState.resources = [{ name: "my-resource", uri: "file:///test.txt", description: "A test resource" }]
-
-      await MCP.add("resource-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "test"],
-      })
-
-      const resources = await MCP.resources()
-      expect(Object.keys(resources).length).toBe(1)
-      const key = Object.keys(resources)[0]
-      expect(key).toContain("resource-server")
-      expect(key).toContain("my-resource")
-    },
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        lastCreatedClientName = "resource-server"
+        const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("resource-server")
+        serverState.resources = [{ name: "my-resource", uri: "file:///test.txt", description: "A test resource" }]
+
+        yield* mcp.add("resource-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "test"],
+        })
+
+        const resources = yield* mcp.resources()
+        expect(Object.keys(resources).length).toBe(1)
+        const key = Object.keys(resources)[0]
+        expect(key).toContain("resource-server")
+        expect(key).toContain("my-resource")
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -513,21 +532,22 @@ test(
         command: ["echo", "test"],
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      lastCreatedClientName = "prompt-disc-server"
-      const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("prompt-disc-server")
-      serverState.prompts = [{ name: "hidden-prompt", description: "Should not appear" }]
-
-      await MCP.add("prompt-disc-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "test"],
-      })
-
-      await MCP.disconnect("prompt-disc-server")
-
-      const prompts = await MCP.prompts()
-      expect(Object.keys(prompts).length).toBe(0)
-    },
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        lastCreatedClientName = "prompt-disc-server"
+        const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("prompt-disc-server")
+        serverState.prompts = [{ name: "hidden-prompt", description: "Should not appear" }]
+
+        yield* mcp.add("prompt-disc-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "test"],
+        })
+
+        yield* mcp.disconnect("prompt-disc-server")
+
+        const prompts = yield* mcp.prompts()
+        expect(Object.keys(prompts).length).toBe(0)
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -537,12 +557,14 @@ test(
 
 test(
   "connect() on nonexistent server does not throw",
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    // Should not throw
-    await MCP.connect("nonexistent")
-    const status = await MCP.status()
-    expect(status["nonexistent"]).toBeUndefined()
-  }),
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      // Should not throw
+      yield* mcp.connect("nonexistent")
+      const status = yield* mcp.status()
+      expect(status["nonexistent"]).toBeUndefined()
+    }),
+  ),
 )
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -551,10 +573,12 @@ test(
 
 test(
   "disconnect() on nonexistent server does not throw",
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    await MCP.disconnect("nonexistent")
-    // Should complete without error
-  }),
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* mcp.disconnect("nonexistent")
+      // Should complete without error
+    }),
+  ),
 )
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -563,10 +587,12 @@ test(
 
 test(
   "tools() returns empty when no MCP servers are configured",
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    const tools = await MCP.tools()
-    expect(Object.keys(tools).length).toBe(0)
-  }),
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const tools = yield* mcp.tools()
+      expect(Object.keys(tools).length).toBe(0)
+    }),
+  ),
 )
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -582,27 +608,28 @@ test(
         command: ["echo", "test"],
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      lastCreatedClientName = "fail-connect"
-      getOrCreateClientState("fail-connect")
-      connectShouldFail = true
-      connectError = "Connection refused"
-
-      await MCP.add("fail-connect", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "test"],
-      })
-
-      const status = await MCP.status()
-      expect(status["fail-connect"]?.status).toBe("failed")
-      if (status["fail-connect"]?.status === "failed") {
-        expect(status["fail-connect"].error).toContain("Connection refused")
-      }
-
-      // No tools should be available
-      const tools = await MCP.tools()
-      expect(Object.keys(tools).length).toBe(0)
-    },
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        lastCreatedClientName = "fail-connect"
+        getOrCreateClientState("fail-connect")
+        connectShouldFail = true
+        connectError = "Connection refused"
+
+        yield* mcp.add("fail-connect", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "test"],
+        })
+
+        const status = yield* mcp.status()
+        expect(status["fail-connect"]?.status).toBe("failed")
+        if (status["fail-connect"]?.status === "failed") {
+          expect(status["fail-connect"].error).toContain("Connection refused")
+        }
+
+        // No tools should be available
+        const tools = yield* mcp.tools()
+        expect(Object.keys(tools).length).toBe(0)
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -648,28 +675,29 @@ test(
         command: ["echo", "test"],
       },
     },
-    async () => {
-      lastCreatedClientName = "my.special-server"
-      const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("my.special-server")
-      serverState.tools = [
-        { name: "tool-a", description: "Tool A", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } },
-        { name: "tool.b", description: "Tool B", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } },
-      ]
-
-      await MCP.add("my.special-server", {
-        type: "local",
-        command: ["echo", "test"],
-      })
-
-      const tools = await MCP.tools()
-      const keys = Object.keys(tools)
-
-      // Server name dots should be replaced with underscores
-      expect(keys.some((k) => k.startsWith("my_special-server_"))).toBe(true)
-      // Tool name dots should be replaced with underscores
-      expect(keys.some((k) => k.endsWith("tool_b"))).toBe(true)
-      expect(keys.length).toBe(2)
-    },
+    (mcp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        lastCreatedClientName = "my.special-server"
+        const serverState = getOrCreateClientState("my.special-server")
+        serverState.tools = [
+          { name: "tool-a", description: "Tool A", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } },
+          { name: "tool.b", description: "Tool B", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } },
+        ]
+
+        yield* mcp.add("my.special-server", {
+          type: "local",
+          command: ["echo", "test"],
+        })
+
+        const tools = yield* mcp.tools()
+        const keys = Object.keys(tools)
+
+        // Server name dots should be replaced with underscores
+        expect(keys.some((k) => k.startsWith("my_special-server_"))).toBe(true)
+        // Tool name dots should be replaced with underscores
+        expect(keys.some((k) => k.endsWith("tool_b"))).toBe(true)
+        expect(keys.length).toBe(2)
+      }),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -679,23 +707,25 @@ test(
 
 test(
   "local stdio transport is closed when connect times out (no process leak)",
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    lastCreatedClientName = "hanging-server"
-    getOrCreateClientState("hanging-server")
-    connectShouldHang = true
-
-    const addResult = await MCP.add("hanging-server", {
-      type: "local",
-      command: ["node", "fake.js"],
-      timeout: 100,
-    })
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      lastCreatedClientName = "hanging-server"
+      getOrCreateClientState("hanging-server")
+      connectShouldHang = true
 
-    const serverStatus = (addResult.status as any)["hanging-server"] ?? addResult.status
-    expect(serverStatus.status).toBe("failed")
-    expect(serverStatus.error).toContain("timed out")
-    // Transport must be closed to avoid orphaned child process
-    expect(transportCloseCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
-  }),
+      const addResult = yield* mcp.add("hanging-server", {
+        type: "local",
+        command: ["node", "fake.js"],
+        timeout: 100,
+      })
+
+      const serverStatus = (addResult.status as any)["hanging-server"] ?? addResult.status
+      expect(serverStatus.status).toBe("failed")
+      expect(serverStatus.error).toContain("timed out")
+      // Transport must be closed to avoid orphaned child process
+      expect(transportCloseCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
+    }),
+  ),
 )
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -704,23 +734,25 @@ test(
 
 test(
   "remote transport is closed when connect times out",
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    lastCreatedClientName = "hanging-remote"
-    getOrCreateClientState("hanging-remote")
-    connectShouldHang = true
-
-    const addResult = await MCP.add("hanging-remote", {
-      type: "remote",
-      url: "http://localhost:9999/mcp",
-      timeout: 100,
-      oauth: false,
-    })
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      lastCreatedClientName = "hanging-remote"
+      getOrCreateClientState("hanging-remote")
+      connectShouldHang = true
+
+      const addResult = yield* mcp.add("hanging-remote", {
+        type: "remote",
+        url: "http://localhost:9999/mcp",
+        timeout: 100,
+        oauth: false,
+      })
 
-    const serverStatus = (addResult.status as any)["hanging-remote"] ?? addResult.status
-    expect(serverStatus.status).toBe("failed")
-    // Transport must be closed to avoid leaked HTTP connections
-    expect(transportCloseCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
-  }),
+      const serverStatus = (addResult.status as any)["hanging-remote"] ?? addResult.status
+      expect(serverStatus.status).toBe("failed")
+      // Transport must be closed to avoid leaked HTTP connections
+      expect(transportCloseCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
+    }),
+  ),
 )
 
 // ========================================================================
@@ -729,22 +761,24 @@ test(
 
 test(
   "failed remote transport is closed before trying next transport",
-  withInstance({}, async () => {
-    lastCreatedClientName = "fail-remote"
-    getOrCreateClientState("fail-remote")
-    connectShouldFail = true
-    connectError = "Connection refused"
-
-    const addResult = await MCP.add("fail-remote", {
-      type: "remote",
-      url: "http://localhost:9999/mcp",
-      timeout: 5000,
-      oauth: false,
-    })
+  withInstance({}, (mcp) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      lastCreatedClientName = "fail-remote"
+      getOrCreateClientState("fail-remote")
+      connectShouldFail = true
+      connectError = "Connection refused"
 
-    const serverStatus = (addResult.status as any)["fail-remote"] ?? addResult.status
-    expect(serverStatus.status).toBe("failed")
-    // Both StreamableHTTP and SSE transports should be closed
-    expect(transportCloseCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2)
-  }),
+      const addResult = yield* mcp.add("fail-remote", {
+        type: "remote",
+        url: "http://localhost:9999/mcp",
+        timeout: 5000,
+        oauth: false,
+      })
+
+      const serverStatus = (addResult.status as any)["fail-remote"] ?? addResult.status
+      expect(serverStatus.status).toBe("failed")
+      // Both StreamableHTTP and SSE transports should be closed
+      expect(transportCloseCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2)
+    }),
+  ),
 )
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/mcp/oauth-auto-connect.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/mcp/oauth-auto-connect.test.ts
index 76f825247..786f1fb46 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/mcp/oauth-auto-connect.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/mcp/oauth-auto-connect.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { test, expect, mock, beforeEach } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { MCP as MCPNS } from "../../src/mcp/index"
 
 // Mock UnauthorizedError to match the SDK's class
 class MockUnauthorizedError extends Error {
@@ -122,10 +124,14 @@ test("first connect to OAuth server shows needs_auth instead of failed", async (
   await Instance.provide({
     directory: tmp.path,
     fn: async () => {
-      const result = await MCP.add("test-oauth", {
-        type: "remote",
-        url: "https://example.com/mcp",
-      })
+      const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+        MCP.Service.use((mcp) =>
+          mcp.add("test-oauth", {
+            type: "remote",
+            url: "https://example.com/mcp",
+          }),
+        ).pipe(Effect.provide(MCP.defaultLayer)),
+      )
 
       const serverStatus = result.status as Record<string, { status: string; error?: string }>
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/mcp/oauth-browser.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/mcp/oauth-browser.test.ts
index ee4429be7..b6a32b1e1 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/mcp/oauth-browser.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/mcp/oauth-browser.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { test, expect, mock, beforeEach } from "bun:test"
 import { EventEmitter } from "events"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { MCP as MCPNS } from "../../src/mcp/index"
 
 // Track open() calls and control failure behavior
 let openShouldFail = false
@@ -100,10 +102,12 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 
 // Import modules after mocking
 const { MCP } = await import("../../src/mcp/index")
+const { AppRuntime } = await import("../../src/effect/app-runtime")
 const { Bus } = await import("../../src/bus")
 const { McpOAuthCallback } = await import("../../src/mcp/oauth-callback")
 const { Instance } = await import("../../src/project/instance")
 const { tmpdir } = await import("../fixture/fixture")
+const service = MCP.Service as unknown as Effect.Effect<MCPNS.Interface, never, never>
 
 test("BrowserOpenFailed event is published when open() throws", async () => {
   await using tmp = await tmpdir({
@@ -136,7 +140,12 @@ test("BrowserOpenFailed event is published when open() throws", async () => {
       // Run authenticate with a timeout to avoid waiting forever for the callback
       // Attach a handler immediately so callback shutdown rejections
       // don't show up as unhandled between tests.
-      const authPromise = MCP.authenticate("test-oauth-server").catch(() => undefined)
+      const authPromise = AppRuntime.runPromise(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const mcp = yield* service
+          return yield* mcp.authenticate("test-oauth-server")
+        }),
+      ).catch(() => undefined)
 
       // Config.get() can be slow in tests, so give it plenty of time.
       await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2_000))
@@ -185,7 +194,12 @@ test("BrowserOpenFailed event is NOT published when open() succeeds", async () =
       })
 
       // Run authenticate with a timeout to avoid waiting forever for the callback
-      const authPromise = MCP.authenticate("test-oauth-server-2").catch(() => undefined)
+      const authPromise = AppRuntime.runPromise(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const mcp = yield* service
+          return yield* mcp.authenticate("test-oauth-server-2")
+        }),
+      ).catch(() => undefined)
 
       // Config.get() can be slow in tests; also covers the ~500ms open() error-detection window.
       await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2_000))
@@ -230,7 +244,12 @@ test("open() is called with the authorization URL", async () => {
       openCalledWith = undefined
 
       // Run authenticate with a timeout to avoid waiting forever for the callback
-      const authPromise = MCP.authenticate("test-oauth-server-3").catch(() => undefined)
+      const authPromise = AppRuntime.runPromise(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const mcp = yield* service
+          return yield* mcp.authenticate("test-oauth-server-3")
+        }),
+      ).catch(() => undefined)
 
       // Config.get() can be slow in tests; also covers the ~500ms open() error-detection window.
       await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2_000))