path: root/src/external/dr_flac.h

// FLAC audio decoder. Public domain. See "unlicense" statement at the end of this file.
// dr_flac - v0.4c - 2016-12-26
//
// David Reid - [email protected]

// USAGE
//
// dr_flac is a single-file library. To use it, do something like the following in one .c file.
//   #define DR_FLAC_IMPLEMENTATION
//   #include "dr_flac.h"
//
// You can then #include this file in other parts of the program as you would with any other header file. To decode audio data,
// do something like the following:
//
//     drflac* pFlac = drflac_open_file("MySong.flac");
//     if (pFlac == NULL) {
//         // Failed to open FLAC file
//     }
//
//     int32_t* pSamples = malloc(pFlac->totalSampleCount * sizeof(int32_t));
//     uint64_t numberOfInterleavedSamplesActuallyRead = drflac_read_s32(pFlac, pFlac->totalSampleCount, pSamples);
//
// The drflac object represents the decoder. It is a transparent type so all the information you need, such as the number of
// channels and the bits per sample, should be directly accessible - just make sure you don't change their values. Samples are
// always output as interleaved signed 32-bit PCM. In the example above a native FLAC stream was opened, however dr_flac has
// seamless support for Ogg encapsulated FLAC streams as well.
//
// You do not need to decode the entire stream in one go - you just specify how many samples you'd like at any given time and
// the decoder will give you as many samples as it can, up to the amount requested. Later on when you need the next batch of
// samples, just call it again. Example:
//
//     while (drflac_read_s32(pFlac, chunkSize, pChunkSamples) > 0) {
//         do_something();
//     }
//
// You can seek to a specific sample with drflac_seek_to_sample(). The given sample is based on interleaving. So for example,
// if you were to seek to the sample at index 0 in a stereo stream, you'll be seeking to the first sample of the left channel.
// The sample at index 1 will be the first sample of the right channel. The sample at index 2 will be the second sample of the
// left channel, etc.
//
//
// If you just want to quickly decode an entire FLAC file in one go you can do something like this:
//
//     unsigned int channels;
//     unsigned int sampleRate;
//     uint64_t totalSampleCount;
//     int32_t* pSampleData = drflac_open_and_decode_file("MySong.flac", &channels, &sampleRate, &totalSampleCount);
//     if (pSampleData == NULL) {
//         // Failed to open and decode FLAC file.
//     }
//
//     ...
//
//     drflac_free(pSampleData);
//
//
// If you need access to metadata (album art, etc.), use drflac_open_with_metadata(), drflac_open_file_with_metdata() or
// drflac_open_memory_with_metadata(). The rationale for keeping these APIs separate is that they're slightly slower than the
// normal versions and also just a little bit harder to use.
//
// dr_flac reports metadata to the application through the use of a callback, and every metadata block is reported before
// drflac_open_with_metdata() returns. See https://github.com/mackron/dr_libs_tests/blob/master/dr_flac/dr_flac_test_2.c for
// an example on how to read metadata.
//
//
//
// OPTIONS
// #define these options before including this file.
//
// #define DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
//   Disable drflac_open_file().
//
// #define DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
//   Disables support for Ogg/FLAC streams.
//
// #define DR_FLAC_NO_WIN32_IO
//   In the Win32 build, dr_flac uses the Win32 IO APIs for drflac_open_file() by default. This setting will make it use the
//   standard FILE APIs instead. Ignored when DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO is #defined. (The rationale for this configuration is that
//   there's a bug in one compiler's Win32 implementation of the FILE APIs which is not present in the Win32 IO APIs.)
//
// #define DR_FLAC_BUFFER_SIZE <number>
//   Defines the size of the internal buffer to store data from onRead(). This buffer is used to reduce the number of calls
//   back to the client for more data. Larger values means more memory, but better performance. My tests show diminishing
//   returns after about 4KB (which is the default). Consider reducing this if you have a very efficient implementation of
//   onRead(), or increase it if it's very inefficient. Must be a multiple of 8.
//
//
//
// QUICK NOTES
// - Based on my tests, the performance of the 32-bit build is at about parity with the reference implementation. The 64-bit build
//   is slightly faster.
// - dr_flac does not currently do any CRC checks.
// - dr_flac should work fine with valid native FLAC files, but for broadcast streams it won't work if the header and STREAMINFO
//   block is unavailable.
// - Audio data is output as signed 32-bit PCM, regardless of the bits per sample the FLAC stream is encoded as.
// - This has not been tested on big-endian architectures.
// - Rice codes in unencoded binary form (see https://xiph.org/flac/format.html#rice_partition) has not been tested. If anybody
//   knows where I can find some test files for this, let me know.
// - Perverse and erroneous files have not been tested. Again, if you know where I can get some test files let me know.
// - dr_flac is not thread-safe, but it's APIs can be called from any thread so long as you do your own synchronization.

#ifndef dr_flac_h
#define dr_flac_h

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>

#ifndef DR_SIZED_TYPES_DEFINED
#define DR_SIZED_TYPES_DEFINED
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1600
typedef   signed char    dr_int8;
typedef unsigned char    dr_uint8;
typedef   signed short   dr_int16;
typedef unsigned short   dr_uint16;
typedef   signed int     dr_int32;
typedef unsigned int     dr_uint32;
typedef   signed __int64 dr_int64;
typedef unsigned __int64 dr_uint64;
#else
#include <stdint.h>
typedef int8_t           dr_int8;
typedef uint8_t          dr_uint8;
typedef int16_t          dr_int16;
typedef uint16_t         dr_uint16;
typedef int32_t          dr_int32;
typedef uint32_t         dr_uint32;
typedef int64_t          dr_int64;
typedef uint64_t         dr_uint64;
#endif
typedef dr_int8          dr_bool8;
typedef dr_int32         dr_bool32;
#define DR_TRUE          1
#define DR_FALSE         0
#endif

// As data is read from the client it is placed into an internal buffer for fast access. This controls the
// size of that buffer. Larger values means more speed, but also more memory. In my testing there is diminishing
// returns after about 4KB, but you can fiddle with this to suit your own needs. Must be a multiple of 8.
#ifndef DR_FLAC_BUFFER_SIZE
#define DR_FLAC_BUFFER_SIZE   4096
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

// Check if we can enable 64-bit optimizations.
#if defined(_WIN64)
#define DRFLAC_64BIT
#endif

#if defined(__GNUC__)
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__ppc64__)
#define DRFLAC_64BIT
#endif
#endif

#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
typedef uint64_t drflac_cache_t;
#else
typedef uint32_t drflac_cache_t;
#endif

// The various metadata block types.
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO       0
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PADDING          1
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_APPLICATION      2
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_SEEKTABLE        3
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_VORBIS_COMMENT   4
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_CUESHEET         5
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PICTURE          6
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_INVALID          127

// The various picture types specified in the PICTURE block.
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_OTHER                   0
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_FILE_ICON               1
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_OTHER_FILE_ICON         2
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_COVER_FRONT             3
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_COVER_BACK              4
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_LEAFLET_PAGE            5
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_MEDIA                   6
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_LEAD_ARTIST             7
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_ARTIST                  8
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_CONDUCTOR               9
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_BAND                    10
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_COMPOSER                11
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_LYRICIST                12
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_RECORDING_LOCATION      13
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_DURING_RECORDING        14
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_DURING_PERFORMANCE      15
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_SCREEN_CAPTURE          16
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_BRIGHT_COLORED_FISH     17
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_ILLUSTRATION            18
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_BAND_LOGOTYPE           19
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_PUBLISHER_LOGOTYPE      20

typedef enum
{
    drflac_container_native,
    drflac_container_ogg
} drflac_container;

typedef enum
{
    drflac_seek_origin_start,
    drflac_seek_origin_current
} drflac_seek_origin;

// Packing is important on this structure because we map this directly to the raw data within the SEEKTABLE metadata block.
#pragma pack(2)
typedef struct
{
    uint64_t firstSample;
    uint64_t frameOffset;   // The offset from the first byte of the header of the first frame.
    uint16_t sampleCount;
} drflac_seekpoint;
#pragma pack()

typedef struct
{
    uint16_t minBlockSize;
    uint16_t maxBlockSize;
    uint32_t minFrameSize;
    uint32_t maxFrameSize;
    uint32_t sampleRate;
    uint8_t  channels;
    uint8_t  bitsPerSample;
    uint64_t totalSampleCount;
    uint8_t  md5[16];
} drflac_streaminfo;

typedef struct
{
    // The metadata type. Use this to know how to interpret the data below.
    uint32_t type;

    // A pointer to the raw data. This points to a temporary buffer so don't hold on to it. It's best to
    // not modify the contents of this buffer. Use the structures below for more meaningful and structured
    // information about the metadata. It's possible for this to be null.
    const void* pRawData;

    // The size in bytes of the block and the buffer pointed to by pRawData if it's non-NULL.
    uint32_t rawDataSize;

    union
    {
        drflac_streaminfo streaminfo;

        struct
        {
            int unused;
        } padding;

        struct
        {
            uint32_t id;
            const void* pData;
            uint32_t dataSize;
        } application;

        struct
        {
            uint32_t seekpointCount;
            const drflac_seekpoint* pSeekpoints;
        } seektable;

        struct
        {
            uint32_t vendorLength;
            const char* vendor;
            uint32_t commentCount;
            const char* comments;
        } vorbis_comment;

        struct
        {
            char catalog[128];
            uint64_t leadInSampleCount;
            dr_bool32 isCD;
            uint8_t trackCount;
            const uint8_t* pTrackData;
        } cuesheet;

        struct
        {
            uint32_t type;
            uint32_t mimeLength;
            const char* mime;
            uint32_t descriptionLength;
            const char* description;
            uint32_t width;
            uint32_t height;
            uint32_t colorDepth;
            uint32_t indexColorCount;
            uint32_t pictureDataSize;
            const uint8_t* pPictureData;
        } picture;
    } data;

} drflac_metadata;


// Callback for when data needs to be read from the client.
//
// pUserData   [in]  The user data that was passed to drflac_open() and family.
// pBufferOut  [out] The output buffer.
// bytesToRead [in]  The number of bytes to read.
//
// Returns the number of bytes actually read.
typedef size_t (* drflac_read_proc)(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead);

// Callback for when data needs to be seeked.
//
// pUserData [in] The user data that was passed to drflac_open() and family.
// offset    [in] The number of bytes to move, relative to the origin. Will never be negative.
// origin    [in] The origin of the seek - the current position or the start of the stream.
//
// Returns whether or not the seek was successful.
//
// The offset will never be negative. Whether or not it is relative to the beginning or current position is determined
// by the "origin" parameter which will be either drflac_seek_origin_start or drflac_seek_origin_current.
typedef dr_bool32 (* drflac_seek_proc)(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin);

// Callback for when a metadata block is read.
//
// pUserData [in] The user data that was passed to drflac_open() and family.
// pMetadata [in] A pointer to a structure containing the data of the metadata block.
//
// Use pMetadata->type to determine which metadata block is being handled and how to read the data.
typedef void (* drflac_meta_proc)(void* pUserData, drflac_metadata* pMetadata);


// Structure for internal use. Only used for decoders opened with drflac_open_memory.
typedef struct
{
    const uint8_t* data;
    size_t dataSize;
    size_t currentReadPos;
} drflac__memory_stream;

// Structure for internal use. Used for bit streaming.
typedef struct
{
    // The function to call when more data needs to be read.
    drflac_read_proc onRead;

    // The function to call when the current read position needs to be moved.
    drflac_seek_proc onSeek;

    // The user data to pass around to onRead and onSeek.
    void* pUserData;


    // The number of unaligned bytes in the L2 cache. This will always be 0 until the end of the stream is hit. At the end of the
    // stream there will be a number of bytes that don't cleanly fit in an L1 cache line, so we use this variable to know whether
    // or not the bistreamer needs to run on a slower path to read those last bytes. This will never be more than sizeof(drflac_cache_t).
    size_t unalignedByteCount;

    // The content of the unaligned bytes.
    drflac_cache_t unalignedCache;

    // The index of the next valid cache line in the "L2" cache.
    size_t nextL2Line;

    // The number of bits that have been consumed by the cache. This is used to determine how many valid bits are remaining.
    size_t consumedBits;

    // The cached data which was most recently read from the client. There are two levels of cache. Data flows as such:
    // Client -> L2 -> L1. The L2 -> L1 movement is aligned and runs on a fast path in just a few instructions.
    drflac_cache_t cacheL2[DR_FLAC_BUFFER_SIZE/sizeof(drflac_cache_t)];
    drflac_cache_t cache;

} drflac_bs;

typedef struct
{
    // The type of the subframe: SUBFRAME_CONSTANT, SUBFRAME_VERBATIM, SUBFRAME_FIXED or SUBFRAME_LPC.
    uint8_t subframeType;

    // The number of wasted bits per sample as specified by the sub-frame header.
    uint8_t wastedBitsPerSample;

    // The order to use for the prediction stage for SUBFRAME_FIXED and SUBFRAME_LPC.
    uint8_t lpcOrder;

    // The number of bits per sample for this subframe. This is not always equal to the current frame's bit per sample because
    // an extra bit is required for side channels when interchannel decorrelation is being used.
    uint32_t bitsPerSample;

    // A pointer to the buffer containing the decoded samples in the subframe. This pointer is an offset from drflac::pExtraData, or
    // NULL if the heap is not being used. Note that it's a signed 32-bit integer for each value.
    int32_t* pDecodedSamples;

} drflac_subframe;

typedef struct
{
    // If the stream uses variable block sizes, this will be set to the index of the first sample. If fixed block sizes are used, this will
    // always be set to 0.
    uint64_t sampleNumber;

    // If the stream uses fixed block sizes, this will be set to the frame number. If variable block sizes are used, this will always be 0.
    uint32_t frameNumber;

    // The sample rate of this frame.
    uint32_t sampleRate;

    // The number of samples in each sub-frame within this frame.
    uint16_t blockSize;

    // The channel assignment of this frame. This is not always set to the channel count. If interchannel decorrelation is being used this
    // will be set to DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE, DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE or DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE.
    uint8_t channelAssignment;

    // The number of bits per sample within this frame.
    uint8_t bitsPerSample;

    // The frame's CRC. This is set, but unused at the moment.
    uint8_t crc8;

} drflac_frame_header;

typedef struct
{
    // The header.
    drflac_frame_header header;

    // The number of samples left to be read in this frame. This is initially set to the block size multiplied by the channel count. As samples
    // are read, this will be decremented. When it reaches 0, the decoder will see this frame as fully consumed and load the next frame.
    uint32_t samplesRemaining;

    // The list of sub-frames within the frame. There is one sub-frame for each channel, and there's a maximum of 8 channels.
    drflac_subframe subframes[8];

} drflac_frame;

typedef struct
{
    // The function to call when a metadata block is read.
    drflac_meta_proc onMeta;

    // The user data posted to the metadata callback function.
    void* pUserDataMD;


    // The sample rate. Will be set to something like 44100.
    uint32_t sampleRate;

    // The number of channels. This will be set to 1 for monaural streams, 2 for stereo, etc. Maximum 8. This is set based on the
    // value specified in the STREAMINFO block.
    uint8_t channels;

    // The bits per sample. Will be set to somthing like 16, 24, etc.
    uint8_t bitsPerSample;

    // The maximum block size, in samples. This number represents the number of samples in each channel (not combined).
    uint16_t maxBlockSize;

    // The total number of samples making up the stream. This includes every channel. For example, if the stream has 2 channels,
    // with each channel having a total of 4096, this value will be set to 2*4096 = 8192. Can be 0 in which case it's still a
    // valid stream, but just means the total sample count is unknown. Likely the case with streams like internet radio.
    uint64_t totalSampleCount;


    // The container type. This is set based on whether or not the decoder was opened from a native or Ogg stream.
    drflac_container container;


    // The position of the seektable in the file.
    uint64_t seektablePos;

    // The size of the seektable.
    uint32_t seektableSize;


    // Information about the frame the decoder is currently sitting on.
    drflac_frame currentFrame;

    // The position of the first frame in the stream. This is only ever used for seeking.
    uint64_t firstFramePos;


    // A hack to avoid a malloc() when opening a decoder with drflac_open_memory().
    drflac__memory_stream memoryStream;



    // A pointer to the decoded sample data. This is an offset of pExtraData.
    int32_t* pDecodedSamples;


    // The bit streamer. The raw FLAC data is fed through this object.
    drflac_bs bs;

    // Variable length extra data. We attach this to the end of the object so we avoid unnecessary mallocs.
    uint8_t pExtraData[1];

} drflac;


// Opens a FLAC decoder.
//
// onRead    [in]           The function to call when data needs to be read from the client.
// onSeek    [in]           The function to call when the read position of the client data needs to move.
// pUserData [in, optional] A pointer to application defined data that will be passed to onRead and onSeek.
//
// Returns a pointer to an object representing the decoder.
//
// Close the decoder with drflac_close().
//
// This function will automatically detect whether or not you are attempting to open a native or Ogg encapsulated
// FLAC, both of which should work seamlessly without any manual intervention. Ogg encapsulation also works with
// multiplexed streams which basically means it can play FLAC encoded audio tracks in videos.
//
// This is the lowest level function for opening a FLAC stream. You can also use drflac_open_file() and drflac_open_memory()
// to open the stream from a file or from a block of memory respectively.
//
// The STREAMINFO block must be present for this to succeed.
//
// See also: drflac_open_file(), drflac_open_memory(), drflac_open_with_metadata(), drflac_close()
drflac* drflac_open(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData);

// Opens a FLAC decoder and notifies the caller of the metadata chunks (album art, etc.).
//
// onRead    [in]           The function to call when data needs to be read from the client.
// onSeek    [in]           The function to call when the read position of the client data needs to move.
// onMeta    [in]           The function to call for every metadata block.
// pUserData [in, optional] A pointer to application defined data that will be passed to onRead, onSeek and onMeta.
//
// Returns a pointer to an object representing the decoder.
//
// Close the decoder with drflac_close().
//
// This is slower than drflac_open(), so avoid this one if you don't need metadata. Internally, this will do a malloc()
// and free() for every metadata block except for STREAMINFO and PADDING blocks.
//
// The caller is notified of the metadata via the onMeta callback. All metadata blocks with be handled before the function
// returns.
//
// See also: drflac_open_file_with_metadata(), drflac_open_memory_with_metadata(), drflac_open(), drflac_close()
drflac* drflac_open_with_metadata(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData);

// Closes the given FLAC decoder.
//
// pFlac [in] The decoder to close.
//
// This will destroy the decoder object.
void drflac_close(drflac* pFlac);


// Reads sample data from the given FLAC decoder, output as interleaved signed 32-bit PCM.
//
// pFlac         [in]            The decoder.
// samplesToRead [in]            The number of samples to read.
// pBufferOut    [out, optional] A pointer to the buffer that will receive the decoded samples.
//
// Returns the number of samples actually read.
//
// pBufferOut can be null, in which case the call will act as a seek, and the return value will be the number of samples
// seeked.
uint64_t drflac_read_s32(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t samplesToRead, int32_t* pBufferOut);

// Same as drflac_read_s32(), except outputs samples as 16-bit integer PCM rather than 32-bit. Note
// that this is lossey.
uint64_t drflac_read_s16(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t samplesToRead, int16_t* pBufferOut);

// Seeks to the sample at the given index.
//
// pFlac       [in] The decoder.
// sampleIndex [in] The index of the sample to seek to. See notes below.
//
// Returns DR_TRUE if successful; DR_FALSE otherwise.
//
// The sample index is based on interleaving. In a stereo stream, for example, the sample at index 0 is the first sample
// in the left channel; the sample at index 1 is the first sample on the right channel, and so on.
//
// When seeking, you will likely want to ensure it's rounded to a multiple of the channel count. You can do this with
// something like drflac_seek_to_sample(pFlac, (mySampleIndex + (mySampleIndex % pFlac->channels)))
dr_bool32 drflac_seek_to_sample(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t sampleIndex);



#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
// Opens a FLAC decoder from the file at the given path.
//
// filename [in] The path of the file to open, either absolute or relative to the current directory.
//
// Returns a pointer to an object representing the decoder.
//
// Close the decoder with drflac_close().
//
// This will hold a handle to the file until the decoder is closed with drflac_close(). Some platforms will restrict the
// number of files a process can have open at any given time, so keep this mind if you have many decoders open at the
// same time.
//
// See also: drflac_open(), drflac_open_file_with_metadata(), drflac_close()
drflac* drflac_open_file(const char* filename);

// Opens a FLAC decoder from the file at the given path and notifies the caller of the metadata chunks (album art, etc.)
//
// Look at the documentation for drflac_open_with_metadata() for more information on how metadata is handled.
drflac* drflac_open_file_with_metadata(const char* filename, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData);
#endif

// Opens a FLAC decoder from a pre-allocated block of memory
//
// This does not create a copy of the data. It is up to the application to ensure the buffer remains valid for
// the lifetime of the decoder.
drflac* drflac_open_memory(const void* data, size_t dataSize);

// Opens a FLAC decoder from a pre-allocated block of memory and notifies the caller of the metadata chunks (album art, etc.)
//
// Look at the documentation for drflac_open_with_metadata() for more information on how metadata is handled.
drflac* drflac_open_memory_with_metadata(const void* data, size_t dataSize, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData);



//// High Level APIs ////

// Opens a FLAC stream from the given callbacks and fully decodes it in a single operation. The return value is a
// pointer to the sample data as interleaved signed 32-bit PCM. The returned data must be freed with drflac_free().
//
// Sometimes a FLAC file won't keep track of the total sample count. In this situation the function will continuously
// read samples into a dynamically sized buffer on the heap until no samples are left.
//
// Do not call this function on a broadcast type of stream (like internet radio streams and whatnot).
int32_t* drflac_open_and_decode_s32(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount);
int16_t* drflac_open_and_decode_s16(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount);

#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
// Same as drflac_open_and_decode_s32() except opens the decoder from a file.
int32_t* drflac_open_and_decode_file_s32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount);
int16_t* drflac_open_and_decode_file_s16(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount);
#endif

// Same as drflac_open_and_decode_s32() except opens the decoder from a block of memory.
int32_t* drflac_open_and_decode_memory_s32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount);
int16_t* drflac_open_and_decode_memory_s16(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount);

// Frees data returned by drflac_open_and_decode_*().
void drflac_free(void* pSampleDataReturnedByOpenAndDecode);


// Structure representing an iterator for vorbis comments in a VORBIS_COMMENT metadata block.
typedef struct
{
    uint32_t countRemaining;
    const char* pRunningData;
} drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator;

// Initializes a vorbis comment iterator. This can be used for iterating over the vorbis comments in a VORBIS_COMMENT
// metadata block.
void drflac_init_vorbis_comment_iterator(drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator* pIter, uint32_t commentCount, const char* pComments);

// Goes to the next vorbis comment in the given iterator. If null is returned it means there are no more comments. The
// returned string is NOT null terminated.
const char* drflac_next_vorbis_comment(drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator* pIter, uint32_t* pCommentLengthOut);



#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif  //dr_flac_h


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// IMPLEMENTATION
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifdef DR_FLAC_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>     // For _byteswap_ulong and _byteswap_uint64
#endif

#ifdef __linux__
#define _BSD_SOURCE
#include <endian.h>
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define DRFLAC_INLINE __forceinline
#else
#define DRFLAC_INLINE inline
#endif

#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT                        0
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM                        1
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED                           8
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC                             32
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_RESERVED                        255

#define DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE  0
#define DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2 1

#define DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_INDEPENDENT           0
#define DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE             8
#define DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE            9
#define DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE              10


//// Endian Management ////
static DRFLAC_INLINE dr_bool32 drflac__is_little_endian()
{
    int n = 1;
    return (*(char*)&n) == 1;
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE uint16_t drflac__swap_endian_uint16(uint16_t n)
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    return _byteswap_ushort(n);
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
    return __builtin_bswap16(n);
#else
    return ((n & 0xFF00) >> 8) |
           ((n & 0x00FF) << 8);
#endif
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE uint32_t drflac__swap_endian_uint32(uint32_t n)
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    return _byteswap_ulong(n);
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
    return __builtin_bswap32(n);
#else
    return ((n & 0xFF000000) >> 24) |
           ((n & 0x00FF0000) >>  8) |
           ((n & 0x0000FF00) <<  8) |
           ((n & 0x000000FF) << 24);
#endif
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE uint64_t drflac__swap_endian_uint64(uint64_t n)
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    return _byteswap_uint64(n);
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
    return __builtin_bswap64(n);
#else
    return ((n & 0xFF00000000000000ULL) >> 56) |
           ((n & 0x00FF000000000000ULL) >> 40) |
           ((n & 0x0000FF0000000000ULL) >> 24) |
           ((n & 0x000000FF00000000ULL) >>  8) |
           ((n & 0x00000000FF000000ULL) <<  8) |
           ((n & 0x0000000000FF0000ULL) << 24) |
           ((n & 0x000000000000FF00ULL) << 40) |
           ((n & 0x00000000000000FFULL) << 56);
#endif
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE uint16_t drflac__be2host_16(uint16_t n)
{
#ifdef __linux__
    return be16toh(n);
#else
    if (drflac__is_little_endian()) {
        return drflac__swap_endian_uint16(n);
    }

    return n;
#endif
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE uint32_t drflac__be2host_32(uint32_t n)
{
#ifdef __linux__
    return be32toh(n);
#else
    if (drflac__is_little_endian()) {
        return drflac__swap_endian_uint32(n);
    }

    return n;
#endif
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE uint64_t drflac__be2host_64(uint64_t n)
{
#ifdef __linux__
    return be64toh(n);
#else
    if (drflac__is_little_endian()) {
        return drflac__swap_endian_uint64(n);
    }

    return n;
#endif
}


static DRFLAC_INLINE uint32_t drflac__le2host_32(uint32_t n)
{
#ifdef __linux__
    return le32toh(n);
#else
    if (!drflac__is_little_endian()) {
        return drflac__swap_endian_uint32(n);
    }

    return n;
#endif
}


#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
#define drflac__be2host__cache_line drflac__be2host_64
#else
#define drflac__be2host__cache_line drflac__be2host_32
#endif


// BIT READING ATTEMPT #2
//
// This uses a 32- or 64-bit bit-shifted cache - as bits are read, the cache is shifted such that the first valid bit is sitting
// on the most significant bit. It uses the notion of an L1 and L2 cache (borrowed from CPU architecture), where the L1 cache
// is a 32- or 64-bit unsigned integer (depending on whether or not a 32- or 64-bit build is being compiled) and the L2 is an
// array of "cache lines", with each cache line being the same size as the L1. The L2 is a buffer of about 4KB and is where data
// from onRead() is read into.
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs)                  (sizeof((bs)->cache))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)                   (sizeof((bs)->cache)*8)
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs)              (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - ((bs)->consumedBits))
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(_bitCount)       (~(((uint64_t)-1LL) >> (_bitCount)))
#else
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(_bitCount)       (~(((uint32_t)-1) >> (_bitCount)))
#endif
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_SHIFT(bs, _bitCount)  (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - (_bitCount))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT(bs, _bitCount)           (((bs)->cache) & DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(_bitCount))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, _bitCount) (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT((bs), _bitCount) >> DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_SHIFT((bs), _bitCount))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_SIZE_BYTES(bs)                  (sizeof((bs)->cacheL2))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)                  (DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_SIZE_BYTES(bs) / sizeof((bs)->cacheL2[0]))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINES_REMAINING(bs)             (DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs) - (bs)->nextL2Line)

static DRFLAC_INLINE dr_bool32 drflac__reload_l1_cache_from_l2(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    // Fast path. Try loading straight from L2.
    if (bs->nextL2Line < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)) {
        bs->cache = bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++];
        return DR_TRUE;
    }

    // If we get here it means we've run out of data in the L2 cache. We'll need to fetch more from the client, if there's
    // any left.
    if (bs->unalignedByteCount > 0) {
        return DR_FALSE;   // If we have any unaligned bytes it means there's not more aligned bytes left in the client.
    }

    size_t bytesRead = bs->onRead(bs->pUserData, bs->cacheL2, DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_SIZE_BYTES(bs));

    bs->nextL2Line = 0;
    if (bytesRead == DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_SIZE_BYTES(bs)) {
        bs->cache = bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++];
        return DR_TRUE;
    }


    // If we get here it means we were unable to retrieve enough data to fill the entire L2 cache. It probably
    // means we've just reached the end of the file. We need to move the valid data down to the end of the buffer
    // and adjust the index of the next line accordingly. Also keep in mind that the L2 cache must be aligned to
    // the size of the L1 so we'll need to seek backwards by any misaligned bytes.
    size_t alignedL1LineCount = bytesRead / DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs);

    // We need to keep track of any unaligned bytes for later use.
    bs->unalignedByteCount = bytesRead - (alignedL1LineCount * DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs));
    if (bs->unalignedByteCount > 0) {
        bs->unalignedCache  = bs->cacheL2[alignedL1LineCount];
    }

    if (alignedL1LineCount > 0)
    {
        size_t offset = DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs) - alignedL1LineCount;
        for (size_t i = alignedL1LineCount; i > 0; --i) {
            bs->cacheL2[i-1 + offset] = bs->cacheL2[i-1];
        }

        bs->nextL2Line = offset;
        bs->cache = bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++];
        return DR_TRUE;
    }
    else
    {
        // If we get into this branch it means we weren't able to load any L1-aligned data.
        bs->nextL2Line = DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs);
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__reload_cache(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    // Fast path. Try just moving the next value in the L2 cache to the L1 cache.
    if (drflac__reload_l1_cache_from_l2(bs)) {
        bs->cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->cache);
        bs->consumedBits = 0;
        return DR_TRUE;
    }

    // Slow path.

    // If we get here it means we have failed to load the L1 cache from the L2. Likely we've just reached the end of the stream and the last
    // few bytes did not meet the alignment requirements for the L2 cache. In this case we need to fall back to a slower path and read the
    // data from the unaligned cache.
    size_t bytesRead = bs->unalignedByteCount;
    if (bytesRead == 0) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    assert(bytesRead < DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs));
    bs->consumedBits = (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs) - bytesRead) * 8;

    bs->cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->unalignedCache);
    bs->cache &= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - bs->consumedBits);    // <-- Make sure the consumed bits are always set to zero. Other parts of the library depend on this property.
    return DR_TRUE;
}

static void drflac__reset_cache(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    bs->nextL2Line   = DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs);  // <-- This clears the L2 cache.
    bs->consumedBits = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);   // <-- This clears the L1 cache.
    bs->cache = 0;
    bs->unalignedByteCount = 0;                         // <-- This clears the trailing unaligned bytes.
    bs->unalignedCache = 0;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__seek_bits(drflac_bs* bs, size_t bitsToSeek)
{
    if (bitsToSeek <= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs)) {
        bs->consumedBits += bitsToSeek;
        bs->cache <<= bitsToSeek;
        return DR_TRUE;
    } else {
        // It straddles the cached data. This function isn't called too frequently so I'm favouring simplicity here.
        bitsToSeek -= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        bs->consumedBits += DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        bs->cache = 0;

        size_t wholeBytesRemaining = bitsToSeek/8;
        if (wholeBytesRemaining > 0)
        {
            // The next bytes to seek will be located in the L2 cache. The problem is that the L2 cache is not byte aligned,
            // but rather DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES aligned (usually 4 or 8). If, for example, the number of bytes to seek is
            // 3, we'll need to handle it in a special way.
            size_t wholeCacheLinesRemaining = wholeBytesRemaining / DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs);
            if (wholeCacheLinesRemaining < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINES_REMAINING(bs))
            {
                wholeBytesRemaining -= wholeCacheLinesRemaining * DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs);
                bitsToSeek -= wholeCacheLinesRemaining * DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
                bs->nextL2Line += wholeCacheLinesRemaining;
            }
            else
            {
                wholeBytesRemaining -= DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINES_REMAINING(bs) * DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs);
                bitsToSeek -= DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINES_REMAINING(bs) * DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
                bs->nextL2Line += DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINES_REMAINING(bs);

                if (wholeBytesRemaining > 0) {
                    bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)wholeBytesRemaining, drflac_seek_origin_current);
                    bitsToSeek -= wholeBytesRemaining*8;
                }
            }
        }


        if (bitsToSeek > 0) {
            if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            return drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek);
        }

        return DR_TRUE;
    }
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_uint32(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, uint32_t* pResultOut)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(pResultOut != NULL);
    assert(bitCount > 0);
    assert(bitCount <= 32);

    if (bs->consumedBits == DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)) {
        if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    if (bitCount <= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs)) {
        if (bitCount < DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)) {
            *pResultOut = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, bitCount);
            bs->consumedBits += bitCount;
            bs->cache <<= bitCount;
        } else {
            *pResultOut = (uint32_t)bs->cache;
            bs->consumedBits = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
            bs->cache = 0;
        }
        return DR_TRUE;
    } else {
        // It straddles the cached data. It will never cover more than the next chunk. We just read the number in two parts and combine them.
        size_t bitCountHi = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        size_t bitCountLo = bitCount - bitCountHi;
        uint32_t resultHi = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, bitCountHi);

        if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        *pResultOut = (resultHi << bitCountLo) | DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, bitCountLo);
        bs->consumedBits += bitCountLo;
        bs->cache <<= bitCountLo;
        return DR_TRUE;
    }
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_int32(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, int32_t* pResult)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(pResult != NULL);
    assert(bitCount > 0);
    assert(bitCount <= 32);

    uint32_t result;
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint32_t signbit = ((result >> (bitCount-1)) & 0x01);
    result |= (~signbit + 1) << bitCount;

    *pResult = (int32_t)result;
    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_uint64(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, uint64_t* pResultOut)
{
    assert(bitCount <= 64);
    assert(bitCount >  32);

    uint32_t resultHi;
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, bitCount - 32, &resultHi)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint32_t resultLo;
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, 32, &resultLo)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    *pResultOut = (((uint64_t)resultHi) << 32) | ((uint64_t)resultLo);
    return DR_TRUE;
}

// Function below is unused, but leaving it here in case I need to quickly add it again.
#if 0
static dr_bool32 drflac__read_int64(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, int64_t* pResultOut)
{
    assert(bitCount <= 64);

    uint64_t result;
    if (!drflac__read_uint64(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint64_t signbit = ((result >> (bitCount-1)) & 0x01);
    result |= (~signbit + 1) << bitCount;

    *pResultOut = (int64_t)result;
    return DR_TRUE;
}
#endif

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_uint16(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, uint16_t* pResult)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(pResult != NULL);
    assert(bitCount > 0);
    assert(bitCount <= 16);

    uint32_t result;
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    *pResult = (uint16_t)result;
    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_int16(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, int16_t* pResult)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(pResult != NULL);
    assert(bitCount > 0);
    assert(bitCount <= 16);

    int32_t result;
    if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    *pResult = (int16_t)result;
    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_uint8(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, uint8_t* pResult)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(pResult != NULL);
    assert(bitCount > 0);
    assert(bitCount <= 8);

    uint32_t result;
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    *pResult = (uint8_t)result;
    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_int8(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, int8_t* pResult)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(pResult != NULL);
    assert(bitCount > 0);
    assert(bitCount <= 8);

    int32_t result;
    if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    *pResult = (int8_t)result;
    return DR_TRUE;
}


static inline dr_bool32 drflac__seek_past_next_set_bit(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int* pOffsetOut)
{
    unsigned int zeroCounter = 0;
    while (bs->cache == 0) {
        zeroCounter += (unsigned int)DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    // At this point the cache should not be zero, in which case we know the first set bit should be somewhere in here. There is
    // no need for us to perform any cache reloading logic here which should make things much faster.
    assert(bs->cache != 0);

    unsigned int bitOffsetTable[] = {
        0,
        4,
        3, 3,
        2, 2, 2, 2,
        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
    };

    unsigned int setBitOffsetPlus1 = bitOffsetTable[DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, 4)];
    if (setBitOffsetPlus1 == 0) {
        if (bs->cache == 1) {
            setBitOffsetPlus1 = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
        } else {
            setBitOffsetPlus1 = 5;
            for (;;)
            {
                if ((bs->cache & DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT(bs, setBitOffsetPlus1))) {
                    break;
                }

                setBitOffsetPlus1 += 1;
            }
        }
    }

    bs->consumedBits += setBitOffsetPlus1;
    bs->cache <<= setBitOffsetPlus1;

    *pOffsetOut = zeroCounter + setBitOffsetPlus1 - 1;
    return DR_TRUE;
}



static dr_bool32 drflac__seek_to_byte(drflac_bs* bs, uint64_t offsetFromStart)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(offsetFromStart > 0);

    // Seeking from the start is not quite as trivial as it sounds because the onSeek callback takes a signed 32-bit integer (which
    // is intentional because it simplifies the implementation of the onSeek callbacks), however offsetFromStart is unsigned 64-bit.
    // To resolve we just need to do an initial seek from the start, and then a series of offset seeks to make up the remainder.
    if (offsetFromStart > 0x7FFFFFFF)
    {
        uint64_t bytesRemaining = offsetFromStart;
        if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        bytesRemaining -= 0x7FFFFFFF;


        while (bytesRemaining > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            bytesRemaining -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
        }


        if (bytesRemaining > 0) {
            if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)bytesRemaining, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)offsetFromStart, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }


    // The cache should be reset to force a reload of fresh data from the client.
    drflac__reset_cache(bs);
    return DR_TRUE;
}


static dr_bool32 drflac__read_utf8_coded_number(drflac_bs* bs, uint64_t* pNumberOut)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(pNumberOut != NULL);

    unsigned char utf8[7] = {0};
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, utf8)) {
        *pNumberOut = 0;
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if ((utf8[0] & 0x80) == 0) {
        *pNumberOut = utf8[0];
        return DR_TRUE;
    }

    int byteCount = 1;
    if ((utf8[0] & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
        byteCount = 2;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
        byteCount = 3;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
        byteCount = 4;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xFC) == 0xF8) {
        byteCount = 5;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xFE) == 0xFC) {
        byteCount = 6;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xFF) == 0xFE) {
        byteCount = 7;
    } else {
        *pNumberOut = 0;
        return DR_FALSE;     // Bad UTF-8 encoding.
    }

    // Read extra bytes.
    assert(byteCount > 1);

    uint64_t result = (uint64_t)(utf8[0] & (0xFF >> (byteCount + 1)));
    for (int i = 1; i < byteCount; ++i) {
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, utf8 + i)) {
            *pNumberOut = 0;
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        result = (result << 6) | (utf8[i] & 0x3F);
    }

    *pNumberOut = result;
    return DR_TRUE;
}



static DRFLAC_INLINE dr_bool32 drflac__read_and_seek_rice(drflac_bs* bs, uint8_t m)
{
    unsigned int unused;
    if (!drflac__seek_past_next_set_bit(bs, &unused)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (m > 0) {
        if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, m)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}


// The next two functions are responsible for calculating the prediction.
//
// When the bits per sample is >16 we need to use 64-bit integer arithmetic because otherwise we'll run out of precision. It's
// safe to assume this will be slower on 32-bit platforms so we use a more optimal solution when the bits per sample is <=16.
static DRFLAC_INLINE int32_t drflac__calculate_prediction_32(uint32_t order, int32_t shift, const int16_t* coefficients, int32_t* pDecodedSamples)
{
    assert(order <= 32);

    // 32-bit version.

    // VC++ optimizes this to a single jmp. I've not yet verified this for other compilers.
    int32_t prediction = 0;

    switch (order)
    {
    case 32: prediction += coefficients[31] * pDecodedSamples[-32];
    case 31: prediction += coefficients[30] * pDecodedSamples[-31];
    case 30: prediction += coefficients[29] * pDecodedSamples[-30];
    case 29: prediction += coefficients[28] * pDecodedSamples[-29];
    case 28: prediction += coefficients[27] * pDecodedSamples[-28];
    case 27: prediction += coefficients[26] * pDecodedSamples[-27];
    case 26: prediction += coefficients[25] * pDecodedSamples[-26];
    case 25: prediction += coefficients[24] * pDecodedSamples[-25];
    case 24: prediction += coefficients[23] * pDecodedSamples[-24];
    case 23: prediction += coefficients[22] * pDecodedSamples[-23];
    case 22: prediction += coefficients[21] * pDecodedSamples[-22];
    case 21: prediction += coefficients[20] * pDecodedSamples[-21];
    case 20: prediction += coefficients[19] * pDecodedSamples[-20];
    case 19: prediction += coefficients[18] * pDecodedSamples[-19];
    case 18: prediction += coefficients[17] * pDecodedSamples[-18];
    case 17: prediction += coefficients[16] * pDecodedSamples[-17];
    case 16: prediction += coefficients[15] * pDecodedSamples[-16];
    case 15: prediction += coefficients[14] * pDecodedSamples[-15];
    case 14: prediction += coefficients[13] * pDecodedSamples[-14];
    case 13: prediction += coefficients[12] * pDecodedSamples[-13];
    case 12: prediction += coefficients[11] * pDecodedSamples[-12];
    case 11: prediction += coefficients[10] * pDecodedSamples[-11];
    case 10: prediction += coefficients[ 9] * pDecodedSamples[-10];
    case  9: prediction += coefficients[ 8] * pDecodedSamples[- 9];
    case  8: prediction += coefficients[ 7] * pDecodedSamples[- 8];
    case  7: prediction += coefficients[ 6] * pDecodedSamples[- 7];
    case  6: prediction += coefficients[ 5] * pDecodedSamples[- 6];
    case  5: prediction += coefficients[ 4] * pDecodedSamples[- 5];
    case  4: prediction += coefficients[ 3] * pDecodedSamples[- 4];
    case  3: prediction += coefficients[ 2] * pDecodedSamples[- 3];
    case  2: prediction += coefficients[ 1] * pDecodedSamples[- 2];
    case  1: prediction += coefficients[ 0] * pDecodedSamples[- 1];
    }

    return (int32_t)(prediction >> shift);
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE int32_t drflac__calculate_prediction_64(uint32_t order, int32_t shift, const int16_t* coefficients, int32_t* pDecodedSamples)
{
    assert(order <= 32);

    // 64-bit version.

    // This method is faster on the 32-bit build when compiling with VC++. See note below.
#ifndef DRFLAC_64BIT
    int64_t prediction;
    if (order == 8)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-8];
    }
    else if (order == 7)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-7];
    }
    else if (order == 3)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
    }
    else if (order == 6)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-6];
    }
    else if (order == 5)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-5];
    }
    else if (order == 4)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
    }
    else if (order == 12)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-8];
        prediction += coefficients[8]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-9];
        prediction += coefficients[9]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-10];
        prediction += coefficients[10] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-11];
        prediction += coefficients[11] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-12];
    }
    else if (order == 2)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
    }
    else if (order == 1)
    {
        prediction = coefficients[0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
    }
    else if (order == 10)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-8];
        prediction += coefficients[8]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-9];
        prediction += coefficients[9]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-10];
    }
    else if (order == 9)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-8];
        prediction += coefficients[8]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-9];
    }
    else if (order == 11)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-8];
        prediction += coefficients[8]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-9];
        prediction += coefficients[9]  * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-10];
        prediction += coefficients[10] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-11];
    }
    else
    {
        prediction = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < (int)order; ++j) {
            prediction += coefficients[j] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-j-1];
        }
    }
#endif

    // VC++ optimizes this to a single jmp instruction, but only the 64-bit build. The 32-bit build generates less efficient code for some
    // reason. The ugly version above is faster so we'll just switch between the two depending on the target platform.
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
    int64_t prediction = 0;

    switch (order)
    {
    case 32: prediction += coefficients[31] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-32];
    case 31: prediction += coefficients[30] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-31];
    case 30: prediction += coefficients[29] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-30];
    case 29: prediction += coefficients[28] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-29];
    case 28: prediction += coefficients[27] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-28];
    case 27: prediction += coefficients[26] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-27];
    case 26: prediction += coefficients[25] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-26];
    case 25: prediction += coefficients[24] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-25];
    case 24: prediction += coefficients[23] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-24];
    case 23: prediction += coefficients[22] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-23];
    case 22: prediction += coefficients[21] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-22];
    case 21: prediction += coefficients[20] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-21];
    case 20: prediction += coefficients[19] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-20];
    case 19: prediction += coefficients[18] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-19];
    case 18: prediction += coefficients[17] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-18];
    case 17: prediction += coefficients[16] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-17];
    case 16: prediction += coefficients[15] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-16];
    case 15: prediction += coefficients[14] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-15];
    case 14: prediction += coefficients[13] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-14];
    case 13: prediction += coefficients[12] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-13];
    case 12: prediction += coefficients[11] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-12];
    case 11: prediction += coefficients[10] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-11];
    case 10: prediction += coefficients[ 9] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[-10];
    case  9: prediction += coefficients[ 8] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 9];
    case  8: prediction += coefficients[ 7] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 8];
    case  7: prediction += coefficients[ 6] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 7];
    case  6: prediction += coefficients[ 5] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 6];
    case  5: prediction += coefficients[ 4] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 5];
    case  4: prediction += coefficients[ 3] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 4];
    case  3: prediction += coefficients[ 2] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 3];
    case  2: prediction += coefficients[ 1] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 2];
    case  1: prediction += coefficients[ 0] * (int64_t)pDecodedSamples[- 1];
    }
#endif

    return (int32_t)(prediction >> shift);
}


// Reads and decodes a string of residual values as Rice codes. The decoder should be sitting on the first bit of the Rice codes.
//
// This is the most frequently called function in the library. It does both the Rice decoding and the prediction in a single loop
// iteration. The prediction is done at the end, and there's an annoying branch I'd like to avoid so the main function is defined
// as a #define - sue me!
#define DRFLAC__DECODE_SAMPLES_WITH_RESIDULE__RICE__PROC(funcName, predictionFunc)                                                                                  \
static dr_bool32 funcName (drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t count, uint8_t riceParam, uint32_t order, int32_t shift, const int16_t* coefficients, int32_t* pSamplesOut)           \
{                                                                                                                                                                   \
    assert(bs != NULL);                                                                                                                                             \
    assert(count > 0);                                                                                                                                              \
    assert(pSamplesOut != NULL);                                                                                                                                    \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    static unsigned int bitOffsetTable[] = {                                                                                                                        \
        0,                                                                                                                                                          \
        4,                                                                                                                                                          \
        3, 3,                                                                                                                                                       \
        2, 2, 2, 2,                                                                                                                                                 \
        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1                                                                                                                                      \
    };                                                                                                                                                              \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    drflac_cache_t riceParamMask = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(riceParam);                                                                                       \
    drflac_cache_t resultHiShift = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - riceParam;                                                                                       \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)count; ++i)                                                                                                                            \
    {                                                                                                                                                               \
        unsigned int zeroCounter = 0;                                                                                                                               \
        while (bs->cache == 0) {                                                                                                                                    \
            zeroCounter += (unsigned int)DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);                                                                                        \
            if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {                                                                                                                        \
                return DR_FALSE;                                                                                                                                       \
            }                                                                                                                                                       \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        /* At this point the cache should not be zero, in which case we know the first set bit should be somewhere in here. There is                                \
           no need for us to perform any cache reloading logic here which should make things much faster. */                                                        \
        assert(bs->cache != 0);                                                                                                                                     \
        unsigned int decodedRice;                                                                                                                                   \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        unsigned int setBitOffsetPlus1 = bitOffsetTable[DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, 4)];                                                                   \
        if (setBitOffsetPlus1 > 0) {                                                                                                                                \
            decodedRice = (zeroCounter + (setBitOffsetPlus1-1)) << riceParam;                                                                                       \
        } else {                                                                                                                                                    \
            if (bs->cache == 1) {                                                                                                                                   \
                setBitOffsetPlus1 = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);                                                                                                  \
                decodedRice = (zeroCounter + (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)-1)) << riceParam;                                                                       \
            } else {                                                                                                                                                \
                setBitOffsetPlus1 = 5;                                                                                                                              \
                for (;;)                                                                                                                                            \
                {                                                                                                                                                   \
                    if ((bs->cache & DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT(bs, setBitOffsetPlus1))) {                                                                              \
                        decodedRice = (zeroCounter + (setBitOffsetPlus1-1)) << riceParam;                                                                           \
                        break;                                                                                                                                      \
                    }                                                                                                                                               \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
                    setBitOffsetPlus1 += 1;                                                                                                                         \
                }                                                                                                                                                   \
            }                                                                                                                                                       \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        unsigned int bitsLo = 0;                                                                                                                                    \
        unsigned int riceLength = setBitOffsetPlus1 + riceParam;                                                                                                    \
        if (riceLength < DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs))                                                                                                        \
        {                                                                                                                                                           \
            bitsLo = (unsigned int)((bs->cache & (riceParamMask >> setBitOffsetPlus1)) >> (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - riceLength));                            \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
            bs->consumedBits += riceLength;                                                                                                                         \
            bs->cache <<= riceLength;                                                                                                                               \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
        else                                                                                                                                                        \
        {                                                                                                                                                           \
            bs->consumedBits += riceLength;                                                                                                                         \
            bs->cache <<= setBitOffsetPlus1;                                                                                                                        \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
            /* It straddles the cached data. It will never cover more than the next chunk. We just read the number in two parts and combine them. */                \
            size_t bitCountLo = bs->consumedBits - DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);                                                                                   \
            drflac_cache_t resultHi = bs->cache & riceParamMask;    /* <-- This mask is OK because all bits after the first bits are always zero. */                \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
            if (bs->nextL2Line < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)) {                                                                                                  \
                bs->cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++]);                                                                             \
            } else {                                                                                                                                                \
                /* Slow path. We need to fetch more data from the client. */                                                                                        \
                if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {                                                                                                                    \
                    return DR_FALSE;                                                                                                                                   \
                }                                                                                                                                                   \
            }                                                                                                                                                       \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
            bitsLo = (unsigned int)((resultHi >> resultHiShift) | DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, bitCountLo));                                                \
            bs->consumedBits = bitCountLo;                                                                                                                          \
            bs->cache <<= bitCountLo;                                                                                                                               \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        decodedRice |= bitsLo;                                                                                                                                      \
        decodedRice = (decodedRice >> 1) ^ (~(decodedRice & 0x01) + 1);   /* <-- Ah, much faster! :) */                                                             \
        /*                                                                                                                                                          \
        if ((decodedRice & 0x01)) {                                                                                                                                 \
            decodedRice = ~(decodedRice >> 1);                                                                                                                      \
        } else {                                                                                                                                                    \
            decodedRice = (decodedRice >> 1);                                                                                                                       \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
        */                                                                                                                                                          \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        /* In order to properly calculate the prediction when the bits per sample is >16 we need to do it using 64-bit arithmetic. We can assume this               \
           is probably going to be slower on 32-bit systems so we'll do a more optimized 32-bit version when the bits per sample is low enough.*/                   \
        pSamplesOut[i] = ((int)decodedRice + predictionFunc(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + i));                                                          \
    }                                                                                                                                                               \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    return DR_TRUE;                                                                                                                                                    \
}                                                                                                                                                                   \

DRFLAC__DECODE_SAMPLES_WITH_RESIDULE__RICE__PROC(drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice_64, drflac__calculate_prediction_64)
DRFLAC__DECODE_SAMPLES_WITH_RESIDULE__RICE__PROC(drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice_32, drflac__calculate_prediction_32)


// Reads and seeks past a string of residual values as Rice codes. The decoder should be sitting on the first bit of the Rice codes.
static dr_bool32 drflac__read_and_seek_residual__rice(drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t count, uint8_t riceParam)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(count > 0);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (!drflac__read_and_seek_rice(bs, riceParam)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__unencoded(drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t bitsPerSample, uint32_t count, uint8_t unencodedBitsPerSample, uint32_t order, int32_t shift, const int16_t* coefficients, int32_t* pSamplesOut)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(count > 0);
    assert(unencodedBitsPerSample > 0 && unencodedBitsPerSample <= 32);
    assert(pSamplesOut != NULL);

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
    {
        if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, unencodedBitsPerSample, pSamplesOut + i)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        if (bitsPerSample > 16) {
            pSamplesOut[i] += drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + i);
        } else {
            pSamplesOut[i] += drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + i);
        }
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}


// Reads and decodes the residual for the sub-frame the decoder is currently sitting on. This function should be called
// when the decoder is sitting at the very start of the RESIDUAL block. The first <order> residuals will be ignored. The
// <blockSize> and <order> parameters are used to determine how many residual values need to be decoded.
static dr_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual(drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t bitsPerSample, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t order, int32_t shift, const int16_t* coefficients, int32_t* pDecodedSamples)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(blockSize != 0);
    assert(pDecodedSamples != NULL);       // <-- Should we allow NULL, in which case we just seek past the residual rather than do a full decode?

    uint8_t residualMethod;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 2, &residualMethod)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (residualMethod != DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE && residualMethod != DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2) {
        return DR_FALSE;    // Unknown or unsupported residual coding method.
    }

    // Ignore the first <order> values.
    pDecodedSamples += order;


    uint8_t partitionOrder;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &partitionOrder)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }


    uint32_t samplesInPartition = (blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder)) - order;
    uint32_t partitionsRemaining = (1 << partitionOrder);
    for (;;)
    {
        uint8_t riceParam = 0;
        if (residualMethod == DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &riceParam)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            if (riceParam == 16) {
                riceParam = 0xFF;
            }
        } else if (residualMethod == DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 5, &riceParam)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            if (riceParam == 32) {
                riceParam = 0xFF;
            }
        }

        if (riceParam != 0xFF) {
            if (bitsPerSample > 16) {
                if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice_64(bs, samplesInPartition, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples)) {
                    return DR_FALSE;
                }
            } else {
                if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice_32(bs, samplesInPartition, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples)) {
                    return DR_FALSE;
                }
            }
        } else {
            unsigned char unencodedBitsPerSample = 0;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 5, &unencodedBitsPerSample)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__unencoded(bs, bitsPerSample, samplesInPartition, unencodedBitsPerSample, order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        }

        pDecodedSamples += samplesInPartition;


        if (partitionsRemaining == 1) {
            break;
        }

        partitionsRemaining -= 1;
        samplesInPartition = blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder);
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

// Reads and seeks past the residual for the sub-frame the decoder is currently sitting on. This function should be called
// when the decoder is sitting at the very start of the RESIDUAL block. The first <order> residuals will be set to 0. The
// <blockSize> and <order> parameters are used to determine how many residual values need to be decoded.
static dr_bool32 drflac__read_and_seek_residual(drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t order)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(blockSize != 0);

    uint8_t residualMethod;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 2, &residualMethod)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (residualMethod != DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE && residualMethod != DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2) {
        return DR_FALSE;    // Unknown or unsupported residual coding method.
    }

    uint8_t partitionOrder;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &partitionOrder)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint32_t samplesInPartition = (blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder)) - order;
    uint32_t partitionsRemaining = (1 << partitionOrder);
    for (;;)
    {
        uint8_t riceParam = 0;
        if (residualMethod == DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &riceParam)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            if (riceParam == 16) {
                riceParam = 0xFF;
            }
        } else if (residualMethod == DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 5, &riceParam)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            if (riceParam == 32) {
                riceParam = 0xFF;
            }
        }

        if (riceParam != 0xFF) {
            if (!drflac__read_and_seek_residual__rice(bs, samplesInPartition, riceParam)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        } else {
            unsigned char unencodedBitsPerSample = 0;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 5, &unencodedBitsPerSample)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, unencodedBitsPerSample * samplesInPartition)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        }


        if (partitionsRemaining == 1) {
            break;
        }

        partitionsRemaining -= 1;
        samplesInPartition = blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder);
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}


static dr_bool32 drflac__decode_samples__constant(drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t bitsPerSample, int32_t* pDecodedSamples)
{
    // Only a single sample needs to be decoded here.
    int32_t sample;
    if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitsPerSample, &sample)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // We don't really need to expand this, but it does simplify the process of reading samples. If this becomes a performance issue (unlikely)
    // we'll want to look at a more efficient way.
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < blockSize; ++i) {
        pDecodedSamples[i] = sample;
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__decode_samples__verbatim(drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t bitsPerSample, int32_t* pDecodedSamples)
{
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < blockSize; ++i) {
        int32_t sample;
        if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitsPerSample, &sample)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        pDecodedSamples[i] = sample;
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__decode_samples__fixed(drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t bitsPerSample, uint8_t lpcOrder, int32_t* pDecodedSamples)
{
    short lpcCoefficientsTable[5][4] = {
        {0,  0, 0,  0},
        {1,  0, 0,  0},
        {2, -1, 0,  0},
        {3, -3, 1,  0},
        {4, -6, 4, -1}
    };

    // Warm up samples and coefficients.
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < lpcOrder; ++i) {
        int32_t sample;
        if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitsPerSample, &sample)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        pDecodedSamples[i] = sample;
    }


    if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual(bs, bitsPerSample, blockSize, lpcOrder, 0, lpcCoefficientsTable[lpcOrder], pDecodedSamples)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__decode_samples__lpc(drflac_bs* bs, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t bitsPerSample, uint8_t lpcOrder, int32_t* pDecodedSamples)
{
    // Warm up samples.
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < lpcOrder; ++i) {
        int32_t sample;
        if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitsPerSample, &sample)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        pDecodedSamples[i] = sample;
    }

    uint8_t lpcPrecision;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &lpcPrecision)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    if (lpcPrecision == 15) {
        return DR_FALSE;    // Invalid.
    }
    lpcPrecision += 1;


    int8_t lpcShift;
    if (!drflac__read_int8(bs, 5, &lpcShift)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }


    int16_t coefficients[32];
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < lpcOrder; ++i) {
        if (!drflac__read_int16(bs, lpcPrecision, coefficients + i)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual(bs, bitsPerSample, blockSize, lpcOrder, lpcShift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}


static dr_bool32 drflac__read_next_frame_header(drflac_bs* bs, uint8_t streaminfoBitsPerSample, drflac_frame_header* header)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(header != NULL);

    // At the moment the sync code is as a form of basic validation. The CRC is stored, but is unused at the moment. This
    // should probably be handled better in the future.

    const uint32_t sampleRateTable[12]  = {0, 88200, 176400, 192000, 8000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000, 96000};
    const uint8_t bitsPerSampleTable[8] = {0, 8, 12, (uint8_t)-1, 16, 20, 24, (uint8_t)-1};   // -1 = reserved.

    uint16_t syncCode = 0;
    if (!drflac__read_uint16(bs, 14, &syncCode)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (syncCode != 0x3FFE) {
        // TODO: Try and recover by attempting to seek to and read the next frame?
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint8_t reserved;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 1, &reserved)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint8_t blockingStrategy = 0;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 1, &blockingStrategy)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }



    uint8_t blockSize = 0;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &blockSize)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint8_t sampleRate = 0;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &sampleRate)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint8_t channelAssignment = 0;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &channelAssignment)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint8_t bitsPerSample = 0;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 3, &bitsPerSample)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 1, &reserved)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }


    dr_bool32 isVariableBlockSize = blockingStrategy == 1;
    if (isVariableBlockSize) {
        uint64_t sampleNumber;
        if (!drflac__read_utf8_coded_number(bs, &sampleNumber)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        header->frameNumber  = 0;
        header->sampleNumber = sampleNumber;
    } else {
        uint64_t frameNumber = 0;
        if (!drflac__read_utf8_coded_number(bs, &frameNumber)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        header->frameNumber  = (uint32_t)frameNumber;   // <-- Safe cast.
        header->sampleNumber = 0;
    }


    if (blockSize == 1) {
        header->blockSize = 192;
    } else if (blockSize >= 2 && blockSize <= 5) {
        header->blockSize = 576 * (1 << (blockSize - 2));
    } else if (blockSize == 6) {
        if (!drflac__read_uint16(bs, 8, &header->blockSize)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        header->blockSize += 1;
    } else if (blockSize == 7) {
        if (!drflac__read_uint16(bs, 16, &header->blockSize)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        header->blockSize += 1;
    } else {
        header->blockSize = 256 * (1 << (blockSize - 8));
    }


    if (sampleRate <= 11) {
        header->sampleRate = sampleRateTable[sampleRate];
    } else if (sampleRate == 12) {
        if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, 8, &header->sampleRate)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        header->sampleRate *= 1000;
    } else if (sampleRate == 13) {
        if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, 16, &header->sampleRate)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    } else if (sampleRate == 14) {
        if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, 16, &header->sampleRate)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        header->sampleRate *= 10;
    } else {
        return DR_FALSE;  // Invalid.
    }


    header->channelAssignment = channelAssignment;

    header->bitsPerSample = bitsPerSampleTable[bitsPerSample];
    if (header->bitsPerSample == 0) {
        header->bitsPerSample = streaminfoBitsPerSample;
    }

    if (drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, &header->crc8) != 1) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_subframe_header(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_subframe* pSubframe)
{
    uint8_t header;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, &header)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // First bit should always be 0.
    if ((header & 0x80) != 0) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    int type = (header & 0x7E) >> 1;
    if (type == 0) {
        pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT;
    } else if (type == 1) {
        pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM;
    } else {
        if ((type & 0x20) != 0) {
            pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC;
            pSubframe->lpcOrder = (type & 0x1F) + 1;
        } else if ((type & 0x08) != 0) {
            pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED;
            pSubframe->lpcOrder = (type & 0x07);
            if (pSubframe->lpcOrder > 4) {
                pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_RESERVED;
                pSubframe->lpcOrder = 0;
            }
        } else {
            pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_RESERVED;
        }
    }

    if (pSubframe->subframeType == DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_RESERVED) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // Wasted bits per sample.
    pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample = 0;
    if ((header & 0x01) == 1) {
        unsigned int wastedBitsPerSample;
        if (!drflac__seek_past_next_set_bit(bs, &wastedBitsPerSample)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample = (unsigned char)wastedBitsPerSample + 1;
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__decode_subframe(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_frame* frame, int subframeIndex, int32_t* pDecodedSamplesOut)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(frame != NULL);

    drflac_subframe* pSubframe = frame->subframes + subframeIndex;
    if (!drflac__read_subframe_header(bs, pSubframe)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // Side channels require an extra bit per sample. Took a while to figure that one out...
    pSubframe->bitsPerSample = frame->header.bitsPerSample;
    if ((frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE || frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE) && subframeIndex == 1) {
        pSubframe->bitsPerSample += 1;
    } else if (frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE && subframeIndex == 0) {
        pSubframe->bitsPerSample += 1;
    }

    // Need to handle wasted bits per sample.
    pSubframe->bitsPerSample -= pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample;
    pSubframe->pDecodedSamples = pDecodedSamplesOut;

    switch (pSubframe->subframeType)
    {
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT:
        {
            drflac__decode_samples__constant(bs, frame->header.blockSize, pSubframe->bitsPerSample, pSubframe->pDecodedSamples);
        } break;

        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM:
        {
            drflac__decode_samples__verbatim(bs, frame->header.blockSize, pSubframe->bitsPerSample, pSubframe->pDecodedSamples);
        } break;

        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED:
        {
            drflac__decode_samples__fixed(bs, frame->header.blockSize, pSubframe->bitsPerSample, pSubframe->lpcOrder, pSubframe->pDecodedSamples);
        } break;

        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC:
        {
            drflac__decode_samples__lpc(bs, frame->header.blockSize, pSubframe->bitsPerSample, pSubframe->lpcOrder, pSubframe->pDecodedSamples);
        } break;

        default: return DR_FALSE;
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__seek_subframe(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_frame* frame, int subframeIndex)
{
    assert(bs != NULL);
    assert(frame != NULL);

    drflac_subframe* pSubframe = frame->subframes + subframeIndex;
    if (!drflac__read_subframe_header(bs, pSubframe)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // Side channels require an extra bit per sample. Took a while to figure that one out...
    pSubframe->bitsPerSample = frame->header.bitsPerSample;
    if ((frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE || frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE) && subframeIndex == 1) {
        pSubframe->bitsPerSample += 1;
    } else if (frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE && subframeIndex == 0) {
        pSubframe->bitsPerSample += 1;
    }

    // Need to handle wasted bits per sample.
    pSubframe->bitsPerSample -= pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample;
    pSubframe->pDecodedSamples = NULL;
    //pSubframe->pDecodedSamples = pFlac->pDecodedSamples + (pFlac->currentFrame.header.blockSize * subframeIndex);

    switch (pSubframe->subframeType)
    {
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT:
        {
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, pSubframe->bitsPerSample)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        } break;

        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM:
        {
            unsigned int bitsToSeek = frame->header.blockSize * pSubframe->bitsPerSample;
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        } break;

        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED:
        {
            unsigned int bitsToSeek = pSubframe->lpcOrder * pSubframe->bitsPerSample;
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            if (!drflac__read_and_seek_residual(bs, frame->header.blockSize, pSubframe->lpcOrder)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        } break;

        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC:
        {
            unsigned int bitsToSeek = pSubframe->lpcOrder * pSubframe->bitsPerSample;
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            unsigned char lpcPrecision;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &lpcPrecision)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            if (lpcPrecision == 15) {
                return DR_FALSE;    // Invalid.
            }
            lpcPrecision += 1;


            bitsToSeek = (pSubframe->lpcOrder * lpcPrecision) + 5;    // +5 for shift.
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            if (!drflac__read_and_seek_residual(bs, frame->header.blockSize, pSubframe->lpcOrder)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        } break;

        default: return DR_FALSE;
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}


static DRFLAC_INLINE uint8_t drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(int8_t channelAssignment)
{
    assert(channelAssignment <= 10);

    uint8_t lookup[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 2, 2, 2};
    return lookup[channelAssignment];
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__decode_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    // This function should be called while the stream is sitting on the first byte after the frame header.
    memset(pFlac->currentFrame.subframes, 0, sizeof(pFlac->currentFrame.subframes));

    int channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment);
    for (int i = 0; i < channelCount; ++i)
    {
        if (!drflac__decode_subframe(&pFlac->bs, &pFlac->currentFrame, i, pFlac->pDecodedSamples + (pFlac->currentFrame.header.blockSize * i))) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    // At the end of the frame sits the padding and CRC. We don't use these so we can just seek past.
    if (!drflac__seek_bits(&pFlac->bs, (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(&pFlac->bs) & 7) + 16)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }


    pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining = pFlac->currentFrame.header.blockSize * channelCount;

    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__seek_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    int channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment);
    for (int i = 0; i < channelCount; ++i)
    {
        if (!drflac__seek_subframe(&pFlac->bs, &pFlac->currentFrame, i)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    // Padding and CRC.
    return drflac__seek_bits(&pFlac->bs, (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(&pFlac->bs) & 7) + 16);
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__read_and_decode_next_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);

    if (!drflac__read_next_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFrame.header)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    return drflac__decode_frame(pFlac);
}


static void drflac__get_current_frame_sample_range(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t* pFirstSampleInFrameOut, uint64_t* pLastSampleInFrameOut)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);

    unsigned int channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment);

    uint64_t firstSampleInFrame = pFlac->currentFrame.header.sampleNumber;
    if (firstSampleInFrame == 0) {
        firstSampleInFrame = pFlac->currentFrame.header.frameNumber * pFlac->maxBlockSize*channelCount;
    }

    uint64_t lastSampleInFrame = firstSampleInFrame + (pFlac->currentFrame.header.blockSize*channelCount);
    if (lastSampleInFrame > 0) {
        lastSampleInFrame -= 1; // Needs to be zero based.
    }


    if (pFirstSampleInFrameOut) {
        *pFirstSampleInFrameOut = firstSampleInFrame;
    }
    if (pLastSampleInFrameOut) {
        *pLastSampleInFrameOut = lastSampleInFrame;
    }
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__seek_to_first_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);

    dr_bool32 result = drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->firstFramePos);

    memset(&pFlac->currentFrame, 0, sizeof(pFlac->currentFrame));
    return result;
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE dr_bool32 drflac__seek_to_next_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    // This function should only ever be called while the decoder is sitting on the first byte past the FRAME_HEADER section.
    assert(pFlac != NULL);
    return drflac__seek_frame(pFlac);
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__seek_to_frame_containing_sample(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t sampleIndex)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);

    if (!drflac__seek_to_first_frame(pFlac)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    uint64_t firstSampleInFrame = 0;
    uint64_t lastSampleInFrame = 0;
    for (;;)
    {
        // We need to read the frame's header in order to determine the range of samples it contains.
        if (!drflac__read_next_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFrame.header)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        drflac__get_current_frame_sample_range(pFlac, &firstSampleInFrame, &lastSampleInFrame);
        if (sampleIndex >= firstSampleInFrame && sampleIndex <= lastSampleInFrame) {
            break;  // The sample is in this frame.
        }

        if (!drflac__seek_to_next_frame(pFlac)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    // If we get here we should be right at the start of the frame containing the sample.
    return DR_TRUE;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__seek_to_sample__brute_force(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t sampleIndex)
{
    if (!drflac__seek_to_frame_containing_sample(pFlac, sampleIndex)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // At this point we should be sitting on the first byte of the frame containing the sample. We need to decode every sample up to (but
    // not including) the sample we're seeking to.
    uint64_t firstSampleInFrame = 0;
    drflac__get_current_frame_sample_range(pFlac, &firstSampleInFrame, NULL);

    assert(firstSampleInFrame <= sampleIndex);
    size_t samplesToDecode = (size_t)(sampleIndex - firstSampleInFrame);    // <-- Safe cast because the maximum number of samples in a frame is 65535.
    if (samplesToDecode == 0) {
        return DR_TRUE;
    }

    // At this point we are just sitting on the byte after the frame header. We need to decode the frame before reading anything from it.
    if (!drflac__decode_frame(pFlac)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    return drflac_read_s32(pFlac, samplesToDecode, NULL) != 0;
}


static dr_bool32 drflac__seek_to_sample__seek_table(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t sampleIndex)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);

    if (pFlac->seektablePos == 0) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (!drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->seektablePos)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // The number of seek points is derived from the size of the SEEKTABLE block.
    uint32_t seekpointCount = pFlac->seektableSize / 18;   // 18 = the size of each seek point.
    if (seekpointCount == 0) {
        return DR_FALSE;   // Would this ever happen?
    }


    drflac_seekpoint closestSeekpoint = {0, 0, 0};

    uint32_t seekpointsRemaining = seekpointCount;
    while (seekpointsRemaining > 0)
    {
        drflac_seekpoint seekpoint;
        if (!drflac__read_uint64(&pFlac->bs, 64, &seekpoint.firstSample)) {
            break;
        }
        if (!drflac__read_uint64(&pFlac->bs, 64, &seekpoint.frameOffset)) {
            break;
        }
        if (!drflac__read_uint16(&pFlac->bs, 16, &seekpoint.sampleCount)) {
            break;
        }

        if (seekpoint.firstSample * pFlac->channels > sampleIndex) {
            break;
        }

        closestSeekpoint = seekpoint;
        seekpointsRemaining -= 1;
    }

    // At this point we should have found the seekpoint closest to our sample. We need to seek to it using basically the same
    // technique as we use with the brute force method.
    if (!drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->firstFramePos + closestSeekpoint.frameOffset)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }


    uint64_t firstSampleInFrame = 0;
    uint64_t lastSampleInFrame = 0;
    for (;;)
    {
        // We need to read the frame's header in order to determine the range of samples it contains.
        if (!drflac__read_next_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFrame.header)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        drflac__get_current_frame_sample_range(pFlac, &firstSampleInFrame, &lastSampleInFrame);
        if (sampleIndex >= firstSampleInFrame && sampleIndex <= lastSampleInFrame) {
            break;  // The sample is in this frame.
        }

        if (!drflac__seek_to_next_frame(pFlac)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }

    assert(firstSampleInFrame <= sampleIndex);

    // At this point we are just sitting on the byte after the frame header. We need to decode the frame before reading anything from it.
    if (!drflac__decode_frame(pFlac)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    size_t samplesToDecode = (size_t)(sampleIndex - firstSampleInFrame);    // <-- Safe cast because the maximum number of samples in a frame is 65535.
    return drflac_read_s32(pFlac, samplesToDecode, NULL) == samplesToDecode;
}


#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
typedef struct
{
    uint8_t capturePattern[4];  // Should be "OggS"
    uint8_t structureVersion;   // Always 0.
    uint8_t headerType;
    uint64_t granulePosition;
    uint32_t serialNumber;
    uint32_t sequenceNumber;
    uint32_t checksum;
    uint8_t segmentCount;
    uint8_t segmentTable[255];
} drflac_ogg_page_header;
#endif

typedef struct
{
    drflac_read_proc onRead;
    drflac_seek_proc onSeek;
    drflac_meta_proc onMeta;
    void* pUserData;
    void* pUserDataMD;
    drflac_container container;
    uint32_t sampleRate;
    uint8_t  channels;
    uint8_t  bitsPerSample;
    uint64_t totalSampleCount;
    uint16_t maxBlockSize;
    uint64_t runningFilePos;
    dr_bool32 hasMetadataBlocks;

#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    uint32_t oggSerial;
    uint64_t oggFirstBytePos;
    drflac_ogg_page_header oggBosHeader;
#endif
} drflac_init_info;

static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__decode_block_header(uint32_t blockHeader, uint8_t* isLastBlock, uint8_t* blockType, uint32_t* blockSize)
{
    blockHeader = drflac__be2host_32(blockHeader);
    *isLastBlock = (blockHeader & (0x01 << 31)) >> 31;
    *blockType   = (blockHeader & (0x7F << 24)) >> 24;
    *blockSize   = (blockHeader & 0xFFFFFF);
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE dr_bool32 drflac__read_and_decode_block_header(drflac_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, uint8_t* isLastBlock, uint8_t* blockType, uint32_t* blockSize)
{
    uint32_t blockHeader;
    if (onRead(pUserData, &blockHeader, 4) != 4) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    drflac__decode_block_header(blockHeader, isLastBlock, blockType, blockSize);
    return DR_TRUE;
}

dr_bool32 drflac__read_streaminfo(drflac_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, drflac_streaminfo* pStreamInfo)
{
    // min/max block size.
    uint32_t blockSizes;
    if (onRead(pUserData, &blockSizes, 4) != 4) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // min/max frame size.
    uint64_t frameSizes = 0;
    if (onRead(pUserData, &frameSizes, 6) != 6) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // Sample rate, channels, bits per sample and total sample count.
    uint64_t importantProps;
    if (onRead(pUserData, &importantProps, 8) != 8) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    // MD5
    uint8_t md5[16];
    if (onRead(pUserData, md5, sizeof(md5)) != sizeof(md5)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    blockSizes     = drflac__be2host_32(blockSizes);
    frameSizes     = drflac__be2host_64(frameSizes);
    importantProps = drflac__be2host_64(importantProps);

    pStreamInfo->minBlockSize     = (blockSizes & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16;
    pStreamInfo->maxBlockSize     = blockSizes & 0x0000FFFF;
    pStreamInfo->minFrameSize     = (uint32_t)((frameSizes & 0xFFFFFF0000000000ULL) >> 40ULL);
    pStreamInfo->maxFrameSize     = (uint32_t)((frameSizes & 0x000000FFFFFF0000ULL) >> 16ULL);
    pStreamInfo->sampleRate       = (uint32_t)((importantProps & 0xFFFFF00000000000ULL) >> 44ULL);
    pStreamInfo->channels         = (uint8_t )((importantProps & 0x00000E0000000000ULL) >> 41ULL) + 1;
    pStreamInfo->bitsPerSample    = (uint8_t )((importantProps & 0x000001F000000000ULL) >> 36ULL) + 1;
    pStreamInfo->totalSampleCount = (importantProps & 0x0000000FFFFFFFFFULL) * pStreamInfo->channels;
    memcpy(pStreamInfo->md5, md5, sizeof(md5));

    return DR_TRUE;
}

dr_bool32 drflac__read_and_decode_metadata(drflac* pFlac)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);

    // We want to keep track of the byte position in the stream of the seektable. At the time of calling this function we know that
    // we'll be sitting on byte 42.
    uint64_t runningFilePos = 42;
    uint64_t seektablePos  = 0;
    uint32_t seektableSize = 0;

    for (;;)
    {
        uint8_t isLastBlock = 0;
        uint8_t blockType;
        uint32_t blockSize;
        if (!drflac__read_and_decode_block_header(pFlac->bs.onRead, pFlac->bs.pUserData, &isLastBlock, &blockType, &blockSize)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        runningFilePos += 4;


        drflac_metadata metadata;
        metadata.type = blockType;
        metadata.pRawData = NULL;
        metadata.rawDataSize = 0;

        switch (blockType)
        {
            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_APPLICATION:
            {
                if (pFlac->onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData = malloc(blockSize);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    if (pFlac->bs.onRead(pFlac->bs.pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        free(pRawData);
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    metadata.data.application.id       = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRawData);
                    metadata.data.application.pData    = (const void*)((uint8_t*)pRawData + sizeof(uint32_t));
                    metadata.data.application.dataSize = blockSize - sizeof(uint32_t);
                    pFlac->onMeta(pFlac->pUserDataMD, &metadata);

                    free(pRawData);
                }
            } break;

            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_SEEKTABLE:
            {
                seektablePos  = runningFilePos;
                seektableSize = blockSize;

                if (pFlac->onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData = malloc(blockSize);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    if (pFlac->bs.onRead(pFlac->bs.pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        free(pRawData);
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    metadata.data.seektable.seekpointCount = blockSize/sizeof(drflac_seekpoint);
                    metadata.data.seektable.pSeekpoints = (const drflac_seekpoint*)pRawData;

                    // Endian swap.
                    for (uint32_t iSeekpoint = 0; iSeekpoint < metadata.data.seektable.seekpointCount; ++iSeekpoint) {
                        drflac_seekpoint* pSeekpoint = (drflac_seekpoint*)pRawData + iSeekpoint;
                        pSeekpoint->firstSample = drflac__be2host_64(pSeekpoint->firstSample);
                        pSeekpoint->frameOffset = drflac__be2host_64(pSeekpoint->frameOffset);
                        pSeekpoint->sampleCount = drflac__be2host_16(pSeekpoint->sampleCount);
                    }

                    pFlac->onMeta(pFlac->pUserDataMD, &metadata);

                    free(pRawData);
                }
            } break;

            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_VORBIS_COMMENT:
            {
                if (pFlac->onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData = malloc(blockSize);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    if (pFlac->bs.onRead(pFlac->bs.pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        free(pRawData);
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;

                    const char* pRunningData = (const char*)pRawData;
                    metadata.data.vorbis_comment.vendorLength = drflac__le2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.vorbis_comment.vendor       = pRunningData;                                 pRunningData += metadata.data.vorbis_comment.vendorLength;
                    metadata.data.vorbis_comment.commentCount = drflac__le2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.vorbis_comment.comments     = pRunningData;
                    pFlac->onMeta(pFlac->pUserDataMD, &metadata);

                    free(pRawData);
                }
            } break;

            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_CUESHEET:
            {
                if (pFlac->onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData = malloc(blockSize);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    if (pFlac->bs.onRead(pFlac->bs.pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        free(pRawData);
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;

                    const char* pRunningData = (const char*)pRawData;
                    memcpy(metadata.data.cuesheet.catalog, pRunningData, 128);                               pRunningData += 128;
                    metadata.data.cuesheet.leadInSampleCount = drflac__be2host_64(*(uint64_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.cuesheet.isCD              = ((pRunningData[0] & 0x80) >> 7) != 0;         pRunningData += 259;
                    metadata.data.cuesheet.trackCount        = pRunningData[0];                              pRunningData += 1;
                    metadata.data.cuesheet.pTrackData        = (const uint8_t*)pRunningData;
                    pFlac->onMeta(pFlac->pUserDataMD, &metadata);

                    free(pRawData);
                }
            } break;

            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PICTURE:
            {
                if (pFlac->onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData = malloc(blockSize);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    if (pFlac->bs.onRead(pFlac->bs.pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        free(pRawData);
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;

                    const char* pRunningData = (const char*)pRawData;
                    metadata.data.picture.type              = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.mimeLength        = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.mime              = pRunningData;                                 pRunningData += metadata.data.picture.mimeLength;
                    metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.description       = pRunningData;
                    metadata.data.picture.width             = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.height            = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.colorDepth        = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.indexColorCount   = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize   = drflac__be2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.pPictureData      = (const uint8_t*)pRunningData;
                    pFlac->onMeta(pFlac->pUserDataMD, &metadata);

                    free(pRawData);
                }
            } break;

            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PADDING:
            {
                if (pFlac->onMeta) {
                    metadata.data.padding.unused = 0;

                    // Padding doesn't have anything meaningful in it, so just skip over it.
                    if (!pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, blockSize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    pFlac->onMeta(pFlac->pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                }
            } break;

            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_INVALID:
            {
                // Invalid chunk. Just skip over this one.
                if (pFlac->onMeta) {
                    if (!pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, blockSize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }
                }
            }

            default:
            {
                // It's an unknown chunk, but not necessarily invalid. There's a chance more metadata blocks might be defined later on, so we
                // can at the very least report the chunk to the application and let it look at the raw data.
                if (pFlac->onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData = malloc(blockSize);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    if (pFlac->bs.onRead(pFlac->bs.pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        free(pRawData);
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    pFlac->onMeta(pFlac->pUserDataMD, &metadata);

                    free(pRawData);
                }
            } break;
        }

        // If we're not handling metadata, just skip over the block. If we are, it will have been handled earlier in the switch statement above.
        if (pFlac->onMeta == NULL) {
            if (!pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, blockSize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        }

        runningFilePos += blockSize;
        if (isLastBlock) {
            break;
        }
    }

    pFlac->seektablePos = seektablePos;
    pFlac->seektableSize = seektableSize;
    pFlac->firstFramePos = runningFilePos;

    return DR_TRUE;
}

dr_bool32 drflac__init_private__native(drflac_init_info* pInit, drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD)
{
    (void)onSeek;

    // Pre: The bit stream should be sitting just past the 4-byte id header.

    pInit->container = drflac_container_native;

    // The first metadata block should be the STREAMINFO block.
    uint8_t isLastBlock;
    uint8_t blockType;
    uint32_t blockSize;
    if (!drflac__read_and_decode_block_header(onRead, pUserData, &isLastBlock, &blockType, &blockSize)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (blockType != DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO || blockSize != 34) {
        return DR_FALSE;    // Invalid block type. First block must be the STREAMINFO block.
    }


    drflac_streaminfo streaminfo;
    if (!drflac__read_streaminfo(onRead, pUserData, &streaminfo)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    pInit->sampleRate       = streaminfo.sampleRate;
    pInit->channels         = streaminfo.channels;
    pInit->bitsPerSample    = streaminfo.bitsPerSample;
    pInit->totalSampleCount = streaminfo.totalSampleCount;
    pInit->maxBlockSize     = streaminfo.maxBlockSize;    // Don't care about the min block size - only the max (used for determining the size of the memory allocation).

    if (onMeta) {
        drflac_metadata metadata;
        metadata.type = DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO;
        metadata.pRawData = NULL;
        metadata.rawDataSize = 0;
        metadata.data.streaminfo = streaminfo;
        onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
    }

    pInit->hasMetadataBlocks = !isLastBlock;
    return DR_TRUE;
}

#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
static DRFLAC_INLINE dr_bool32 drflac_ogg__is_capture_pattern(uint8_t pattern[4])
{
    return pattern[0] == 'O' && pattern[1] == 'g' && pattern[2] == 'g' && pattern[3] == 'S';
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE uint32_t drflac_ogg__get_page_header_size(drflac_ogg_page_header* pHeader)
{
    return 27 + pHeader->segmentCount;
}

static DRFLAC_INLINE uint32_t drflac_ogg__get_page_body_size(drflac_ogg_page_header* pHeader)
{
    uint32_t pageBodySize = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < pHeader->segmentCount; ++i) {
        pageBodySize += pHeader->segmentTable[i];
    }

    return pageBodySize;
}

dr_bool32 drflac_ogg__read_page_header_after_capture_pattern(drflac_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, drflac_ogg_page_header* pHeader, uint32_t* pHeaderSize)
{
    if (onRead(pUserData, &pHeader->structureVersion, 1) != 1 || pHeader->structureVersion != 0) {
        return DR_FALSE;   // Unknown structure version. Possibly corrupt stream.
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &pHeader->headerType, 1) != 1) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &pHeader->granulePosition, 8) != 8) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &pHeader->serialNumber, 4) != 4) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &pHeader->sequenceNumber, 4) != 4) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &pHeader->checksum, 4) != 4) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &pHeader->segmentCount, 1) != 1 || pHeader->segmentCount == 0) {
        return DR_FALSE;   // Should not have a segment count of 0.
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &pHeader->segmentTable, pHeader->segmentCount) != pHeader->segmentCount) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (pHeaderSize) *pHeaderSize = (27 + pHeader->segmentCount);
    return DR_TRUE;
}

dr_bool32 drflac_ogg__read_page_header(drflac_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, drflac_ogg_page_header* pHeader, uint32_t* pHeaderSize)
{
    uint8_t id[4];
    if (onRead(pUserData, id, 4) != 4) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (id[0] != 'O' || id[1] != 'g' || id[2] != 'g' || id[3] != 'S') {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    return drflac_ogg__read_page_header_after_capture_pattern(onRead, pUserData, pHeader, pHeaderSize);
}


// The main part of the Ogg encapsulation is the conversion from the physical Ogg bitstream to the native FLAC bitstream. It works
// in three general stages: Ogg Physical Bitstream -> Ogg/FLAC Logical Bitstream -> FLAC Native Bitstream. dr_flac is architecured
// in such a way that the core sections assume everything is delivered in native format. Therefore, for each encapsulation type
// dr_flac is supporting there needs to be a layer sitting on top of the onRead and onSeek callbacks that ensures the bits read from
// the physical Ogg bitstream are converted and delivered in native FLAC format.
typedef struct
{
    drflac_read_proc onRead;    // The original onRead callback from drflac_open() and family.
    drflac_seek_proc onSeek;    // The original onSeek callback from drflac_open() and family.
    void* pUserData;            // The user data passed on onRead and onSeek. This is the user data that was passed on drflac_open() and family.
    uint64_t currentBytePos;    // The position of the byte we are sitting on in the physical byte stream. Used for efficient seeking.
    uint64_t firstBytePos;      // The position of the first byte in the physical bitstream. Points to the start of the "OggS" identifier of the FLAC bos page.
    uint32_t serialNumber;      // The serial number of the FLAC audio pages. This is determined by the initial header page that was read during initialization.
    drflac_ogg_page_header bosPageHeader;   // Used for seeking.
    drflac_ogg_page_header currentPageHeader;
    uint32_t bytesRemainingInPage;
} drflac_oggbs; // oggbs = Ogg Bitstream

static size_t drflac_oggbs__read_physical(drflac_oggbs* oggbs, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    size_t bytesActuallyRead = oggbs->onRead(oggbs->pUserData, bufferOut, bytesToRead);
    oggbs->currentBytePos += bytesActuallyRead;

    return bytesActuallyRead;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(drflac_oggbs* oggbs, uint64_t offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    if (origin == drflac_seek_origin_start)
    {
        if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, (int)offset, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            oggbs->currentBytePos = offset;

            return DR_TRUE;
        } else {
            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            oggbs->currentBytePos = offset;

            return drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, offset - 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_current);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        while (offset > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
            oggbs->currentBytePos += 0x7FFFFFFF;
            offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
        }

        if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, (int)offset, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {    // <-- Safe cast thanks to the loop above.
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        oggbs->currentBytePos += offset;

        return DR_TRUE;
    }
}

static dr_bool32 drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(drflac_oggbs* oggbs)
{
    drflac_ogg_page_header header;
    for (;;)
    {
        uint32_t headerSize;
        if (!drflac_ogg__read_page_header(oggbs->onRead, oggbs->pUserData, &header, &headerSize)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        oggbs->currentBytePos += headerSize;


        uint32_t pageBodySize = drflac_ogg__get_page_body_size(&header);

        if (header.serialNumber == oggbs->serialNumber) {
            oggbs->currentPageHeader = header;
            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = pageBodySize;
            return DR_TRUE;
        }

        // If we get here it means the page is not a FLAC page - skip it.
        if (pageBodySize > 0 && !drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, pageBodySize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {    // <-- Safe cast - maximum size of a page is way below that of an int.
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }
}

// Function below is unused at the moment, but I might be re-adding it later.
#if 0
static uint8_t drflac_oggbs__get_current_segment_index(drflac_oggbs* oggbs, uint8_t* pBytesRemainingInSeg)
{
    uint32_t bytesConsumedInPage = drflac_ogg__get_page_body_size(&oggbs->currentPageHeader) - oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage;
    uint8_t iSeg = 0;
    uint32_t iByte = 0;
    while (iByte < bytesConsumedInPage)
    {
        uint8_t segmentSize = oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentTable[iSeg];
        if (iByte + segmentSize > bytesConsumedInPage) {
            break;
        } else {
            iSeg += 1;
            iByte += segmentSize;
        }
    }

    *pBytesRemainingInSeg = oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentTable[iSeg] - (uint8_t)(bytesConsumedInPage - iByte);
    return iSeg;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac_oggbs__seek_to_next_packet(drflac_oggbs* oggbs)
{
    // The current packet ends when we get to the segment with a lacing value of < 255 which is not at the end of a page.
    for (;;)    // <-- Loop over pages.
    {
        dr_bool32 atEndOfPage = DR_FALSE;

        uint8_t bytesRemainingInSeg;
        uint8_t iFirstSeg = drflac_oggbs__get_current_segment_index(oggbs, &bytesRemainingInSeg);

        uint32_t bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage = bytesRemainingInSeg;
        for (uint8_t iSeg = iFirstSeg; iSeg < oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentCount; ++iSeg) {
            uint8_t segmentSize = oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentTable[iSeg];
            if (segmentSize < 255) {
                if (iSeg == oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentCount-1) {
                    atEndOfPage = DR_TRUE;
                }

                break;
            }

            bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage += segmentSize;
        }

        // At this point we will have found either the packet or the end of the page. If were at the end of the page we'll
        // want to load the next page and keep searching for the end of the frame.
        drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage, drflac_seek_origin_current);
        oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage;

        if (atEndOfPage)
        {
            // We're potentially at the next packet, but we need to check the next page first to be sure because the packet may
            // straddle pages.
            if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            // If it's a fresh packet it most likely means we're at the next packet.
            if ((oggbs->currentPageHeader.headerType & 0x01) == 0) {
                return DR_TRUE;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // We're at the next frame.
            return DR_TRUE;
        }
    }
}

static dr_bool32 drflac_oggbs__seek_to_next_frame(drflac_oggbs* oggbs)
{
    // The bitstream should be sitting on the first byte just after the header of the frame.

    // What we're actually doing here is seeking to the start of the next packet.
    return drflac_oggbs__seek_to_next_packet(oggbs);
}
#endif

static size_t drflac__on_read_ogg(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)pUserData;
    assert(oggbs != NULL);

    uint8_t* pRunningBufferOut = (uint8_t*)bufferOut;

    // Reading is done page-by-page. If we've run out of bytes in the page we need to move to the next one.
    size_t bytesRead = 0;
    while (bytesRead < bytesToRead)
    {
        size_t bytesRemainingToRead = bytesToRead - bytesRead;

        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage >= bytesRemainingToRead) {
            bytesRead += oggbs->onRead(oggbs->pUserData, pRunningBufferOut, bytesRemainingToRead);
            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= (uint32_t)bytesRemainingToRead;
            break;
        }

        // If we get here it means some of the requested data is contained in the next pages.
        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage > 0) {
            size_t bytesJustRead = oggbs->onRead(oggbs->pUserData, pRunningBufferOut, oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage);
            bytesRead += bytesJustRead;
            pRunningBufferOut += bytesJustRead;

            if (bytesJustRead != oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage) {
                break;  // Ran out of data.
            }
        }

        assert(bytesRemainingToRead > 0);
        if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs)) {
            break;  // Failed to go to the next chunk. Might have simply hit the end of the stream.
        }
    }

    oggbs->currentBytePos += bytesRead;
    return bytesRead;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__on_seek_ogg(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)pUserData;
    assert(oggbs != NULL);
    assert(offset > 0 || (offset == 0 && origin == drflac_seek_origin_start));

    // Seeking is always forward which makes things a lot simpler.
    if (origin == drflac_seek_origin_start) {
        int startBytePos = (int)oggbs->firstBytePos + (79-42);  // 79 = size of bos page; 42 = size of FLAC header data. Seek up to the first byte of the native FLAC data.
        if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, startBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        oggbs->currentPageHeader = oggbs->bosPageHeader;
        oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = 42;   // 42 = size of the native FLAC header data. That's our start point for seeking.

        return drflac__on_seek_ogg(pUserData, offset, drflac_seek_origin_current);
    }


    assert(origin == drflac_seek_origin_current);

    int bytesSeeked = 0;
    while (bytesSeeked < offset)
    {
        int bytesRemainingToSeek = offset - bytesSeeked;
        assert(bytesRemainingToSeek >= 0);

        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage >= (size_t)bytesRemainingToSeek) {
            if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, bytesRemainingToSeek, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            bytesSeeked += bytesRemainingToSeek;
            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= bytesRemainingToSeek;
            break;
        }

        // If we get here it means some of the requested data is contained in the next pages.
        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage > 0) {
            if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            bytesSeeked += (int)oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage;
        }

        assert(bytesRemainingToSeek > 0);
        if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs)) {
            break;  // Failed to go to the next chunk. Might have simply hit the end of the stream.
        }
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

dr_bool32 drflac_ogg__seek_to_sample(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t sample)
{
    drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)(((int32_t*)pFlac->pExtraData) + pFlac->maxBlockSize*pFlac->channels);

    uint64_t originalBytePos = oggbs->currentBytePos;   // For recovery.

    // First seek to the first frame.
    if (!drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->firstFramePos)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = 0;

    uint64_t runningGranulePosition = 0;
    uint64_t runningFrameBytePos = oggbs->currentBytePos;   // <-- Points to the OggS identifier.
    for (;;)
    {
        if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs)) {
            drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, originalBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start);
            return DR_FALSE;   // Never did find that sample...
        }

        runningFrameBytePos = oggbs->currentBytePos - drflac_ogg__get_page_header_size(&oggbs->currentPageHeader);
        if (oggbs->currentPageHeader.granulePosition*pFlac->channels >= sample) {
            break; // The sample is somewhere in the previous page.
        }


        // At this point we know the sample is not in the previous page. It could possibly be in this page. For simplicity we
        // disregard any pages that do not begin a fresh packet.
        if ((oggbs->currentPageHeader.headerType & 0x01) == 0) {    // <-- Is it a fresh page?
            if (oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentTable[0] >= 2) {
                uint8_t firstBytesInPage[2];
                if (drflac_oggbs__read_physical(oggbs, firstBytesInPage, 2) != 2) {
                    drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, originalBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start);
                    return DR_FALSE;
                }
                if ((firstBytesInPage[0] == 0xFF) && (firstBytesInPage[1] & 0xFC) == 0xF8) {    // <-- Does the page begin with a frame's sync code?
                    runningGranulePosition = oggbs->currentPageHeader.granulePosition*pFlac->channels;
                }

                if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, (int)oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage-2, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                    drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, originalBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start);
                    return DR_FALSE;
                }

                continue;
            }
        }

        if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, (int)oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
            drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, originalBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start);
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
    }


    // We found the page that that is closest to the sample, so now we need to find it. The first thing to do is seek to the
    // start of that page. In the loop above we checked that it was a fresh page which means this page is also the start of
    // a new frame. This property means that after we've seeked to the page we can immediately start looping over frames until
    // we find the one containing the target sample.
    if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, runningFrameBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }


    // At this point we'll be sitting on the first byte of the frame header of the first frame in the page. We just keep
    // looping over these frames until we find the one containing the sample we're after.
    uint64_t firstSampleInFrame = runningGranulePosition;
    for (;;)
    {
        // NOTE for later: When using Ogg's page/segment based seeking later on we can't use this function (or any drflac__*
        // reading functions) because otherwise it will pull extra data for use in it's own internal caches which will then
        // break the positioning of the read pointer for the Ogg bitstream.
        if (!drflac__read_next_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFrame.header)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }

        int channels = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment);
        uint64_t lastSampleInFrame = firstSampleInFrame + (pFlac->currentFrame.header.blockSize*channels);
        lastSampleInFrame -= 1; // <-- Zero based.

        if (sample >= firstSampleInFrame && sample <= lastSampleInFrame) {
            break;  // The sample is in this frame.
        }


        // If we get here it means the sample is not in this frame so we need to move to the next one. Now the cool thing
        // with Ogg is that we can efficiently seek past the frame by looking at the lacing values of each segment in
        // the page.
        firstSampleInFrame = lastSampleInFrame+1;

#if 1
        // Slow way. This uses the native FLAC decoder to seek past the frame. This is slow because it needs to do a partial
        // decode of the frame. Although this is how the native version works, we can use Ogg's framing system to make it
        // more efficient. Leaving this here for reference and to use as a basis for debugging purposes.
        if (!drflac__seek_to_next_frame(pFlac)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
#else
        // TODO: This is not yet complete. See note at the top of this loop body.

        // Fast(er) way. This uses Ogg's framing system to seek past the frame. This should be much more efficient than the
        // native FLAC seeking.
        if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_to_next_frame(oggbs)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
#endif
    }

    assert(firstSampleInFrame <= sample);

    if (!drflac__decode_frame(pFlac)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    size_t samplesToDecode = (size_t)(sample - firstSampleInFrame);    // <-- Safe cast because the maximum number of samples in a frame is 65535.
    return drflac_read_s32(pFlac, samplesToDecode, NULL) == samplesToDecode;
}


dr_bool32 drflac__init_private__ogg(drflac_init_info* pInit, drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD)
{
    // Pre: The bit stream should be sitting just past the 4-byte OggS capture pattern.

    pInit->container = drflac_container_ogg;
    pInit->oggFirstBytePos = 0;

    // We'll get here if the first 4 bytes of the stream were the OggS capture pattern, however it doesn't necessarily mean the
    // stream includes FLAC encoded audio. To check for this we need to scan the beginning-of-stream page markers and check if
    // any match the FLAC specification. Important to keep in mind that the stream may be multiplexed.
    drflac_ogg_page_header header;

    uint32_t headerSize;
    if (!drflac_ogg__read_page_header_after_capture_pattern(onRead, pUserData, &header, &headerSize)) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }
    pInit->runningFilePos = headerSize;

    for (;;)
    {
        // Break if we're past the beginning of stream page.
        if ((header.headerType & 0x02) == 0) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }


        // Check if it's a FLAC header.
        int pageBodySize = drflac_ogg__get_page_body_size(&header);
        if (pageBodySize == 51)   // 51 = the lacing value of the FLAC header packet.
        {
            // It could be a FLAC page...
            uint32_t bytesRemainingInPage = pageBodySize;

            uint8_t packetType;
            if (onRead(pUserData, &packetType, 1) != 1) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }

            bytesRemainingInPage -= 1;
            if (packetType == 0x7F)
            {
                // Increasingly more likely to be a FLAC page...
                uint8_t sig[4];
                if (onRead(pUserData, sig, 4) != 4) {
                    return DR_FALSE;
                }

                bytesRemainingInPage -= 4;
                if (sig[0] == 'F' && sig[1] == 'L' && sig[2] == 'A' && sig[3] == 'C')
                {
                    // Almost certainly a FLAC page...
                    uint8_t mappingVersion[2];
                    if (onRead(pUserData, mappingVersion, 2) != 2) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    if (mappingVersion[0] != 1) {
                        return DR_FALSE;   // Only supporting version 1.x of the Ogg mapping.
                    }

                    // The next 2 bytes are the non-audio packets, not including this one. We don't care about this because we're going to
                    // be handling it in a generic way based on the serial number and packet types.
                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, 2, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    // Expecting the native FLAC signature "fLaC".
                    if (onRead(pUserData, sig, 4) != 4) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }

                    if (sig[0] == 'f' && sig[1] == 'L' && sig[2] == 'a' && sig[3] == 'C')
                    {
                        // The remaining data in the page should be the STREAMINFO block.
                        uint8_t isLastBlock;
                        uint8_t blockType;
                        uint32_t blockSize;
                        if (!drflac__read_and_decode_block_header(onRead, pUserData, &isLastBlock, &blockType, &blockSize)) {
                            return DR_FALSE;
                        }

                        if (blockType != DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO || blockSize != 34) {
                            return DR_FALSE;    // Invalid block type. First block must be the STREAMINFO block.
                        }

                        drflac_streaminfo streaminfo;
                        if (drflac__read_streaminfo(onRead, pUserData, &streaminfo))
                        {
                            // Success!
                            pInit->sampleRate       = streaminfo.sampleRate;
                            pInit->channels         = streaminfo.channels;
                            pInit->bitsPerSample    = streaminfo.bitsPerSample;
                            pInit->totalSampleCount = streaminfo.totalSampleCount;
                            pInit->maxBlockSize     = streaminfo.maxBlockSize;

                            if (onMeta) {
                                drflac_metadata metadata;
                                metadata.type = DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO;
                                metadata.pRawData = NULL;
                                metadata.rawDataSize = 0;
                                metadata.data.streaminfo = streaminfo;
                                onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                            }

                            pInit->runningFilePos  += pageBodySize;
                            pInit->oggFirstBytePos  = pInit->runningFilePos - 79;   // Subtracting 79 will place us right on top of the "OggS" identifier of the FLAC bos page.
                            pInit->oggSerial        = header.serialNumber;
                            pInit->oggBosHeader     = header;
                            break;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // Failed to read STREAMINFO block. Aww, so close...
                            return DR_FALSE;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Invalid file.
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // Not a FLAC header. Skip it.
                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, bytesRemainingInPage, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                        return DR_FALSE;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Not a FLAC header. Seek past the entire page and move on to the next.
                if (!onSeek(pUserData, bytesRemainingInPage, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                    return DR_FALSE;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (!onSeek(pUserData, pageBodySize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DR_FALSE;
            }
        }

        pInit->runningFilePos += pageBodySize;


        // Read the header of the next page.
        if (!drflac_ogg__read_page_header(onRead, pUserData, &header, &headerSize)) {
            return DR_FALSE;
        }
        pInit->runningFilePos += headerSize;
    }


    // If we get here it means we found a FLAC audio stream. We should be sitting on the first byte of the header of the next page. The next
    // packets in the FLAC logical stream contain the metadata. The only thing left to do in the initialiation phase for Ogg is to create the
    // Ogg bistream object.
    pInit->hasMetadataBlocks = DR_TRUE;    // <-- Always have at least VORBIS_COMMENT metadata block.
    return DR_TRUE;
}
#endif

dr_bool32 drflac__init_private(drflac_init_info* pInit, drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD)
{
    if (pInit == NULL || onRead == NULL || onSeek == NULL) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    pInit->onRead        = onRead;
    pInit->onSeek        = onSeek;
    pInit->onMeta        = onMeta;
    pInit->pUserData     = pUserData;
    pInit->pUserDataMD   = pUserDataMD;

    uint8_t id[4];
    if (onRead(pUserData, id, 4) != 4) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (id[0] == 'f' && id[1] == 'L' && id[2] == 'a' && id[3] == 'C') {
        return drflac__init_private__native(pInit, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, pUserData, pUserDataMD);
    }

#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (id[0] == 'O' && id[1] == 'g' && id[2] == 'g' && id[3] == 'S') {
        return drflac__init_private__ogg(pInit, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, pUserData, pUserDataMD);
    }
#endif

    // Unsupported container.
    return DR_FALSE;
}

void drflac__init_from_info(drflac* pFlac, drflac_init_info* pInit)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);
    assert(pInit != NULL);

    memset(pFlac, 0, sizeof(*pFlac));
    pFlac->bs.onRead        = pInit->onRead;
    pFlac->bs.onSeek        = pInit->onSeek;
    pFlac->bs.pUserData     = pInit->pUserData;
    pFlac->bs.nextL2Line    = sizeof(pFlac->bs.cacheL2) / sizeof(pFlac->bs.cacheL2[0]); // <-- Initialize to this to force a client-side data retrieval right from the start.
    pFlac->bs.consumedBits  = sizeof(pFlac->bs.cache)*8;

    pFlac->onMeta           = pInit->onMeta;
    pFlac->pUserDataMD      = pInit->pUserDataMD;
    pFlac->maxBlockSize     = pInit->maxBlockSize;
    pFlac->sampleRate       = pInit->sampleRate;
    pFlac->channels         = (uint8_t)pInit->channels;
    pFlac->bitsPerSample    = (uint8_t)pInit->bitsPerSample;
    pFlac->totalSampleCount = pInit->totalSampleCount;
    pFlac->container        = pInit->container;
}

drflac* drflac_open_with_metadata_private(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD)
{
    drflac_init_info init;
    if (!drflac__init_private(&init, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, pUserData, pUserDataMD)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    size_t allocationSize = sizeof(drflac);
    allocationSize += init.maxBlockSize * init.channels * sizeof(int32_t);
    //allocationSize += init.seektableSize;


#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    // There's additional data required for Ogg streams.
    if (init.container == drflac_container_ogg) {
        allocationSize += sizeof(drflac_oggbs);
    }
#endif

    drflac* pFlac = (drflac*)malloc(allocationSize);
    drflac__init_from_info(pFlac, &init);
    pFlac->pDecodedSamples = (int32_t*)pFlac->pExtraData;

#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (init.container == drflac_container_ogg) {
        drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)(((int32_t*)pFlac->pExtraData) + init.maxBlockSize*init.channels);
        oggbs->onRead = onRead;
        oggbs->onSeek = onSeek;
        oggbs->pUserData = pUserData;
        oggbs->currentBytePos = init.oggFirstBytePos;
        oggbs->firstBytePos = init.oggFirstBytePos;
        oggbs->serialNumber = init.oggSerial;
        oggbs->bosPageHeader = init.oggBosHeader;
        oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = 0;

        // The Ogg bistream needs to be layered on top of the original bitstream.
        pFlac->bs.onRead = drflac__on_read_ogg;
        pFlac->bs.onSeek = drflac__on_seek_ogg;
        pFlac->bs.pUserData = (void*)oggbs;
    }
#endif

    // Decode metadata before returning.
    if (init.hasMetadataBlocks) {
        if (!drflac__read_and_decode_metadata(pFlac)) {
            free(pFlac);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    return pFlac;
}



#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
typedef void* drflac_file;

#if defined(DR_FLAC_NO_WIN32_IO) || !defined(_WIN32)
#include <stdio.h>

static size_t drflac__on_read_stdio(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    return fread(bufferOut, 1, bytesToRead, (FILE*)pUserData);
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__on_seek_stdio(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    assert(offset > 0 || (offset == 0 && origin == drflac_seek_origin_start));

    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, (origin == drflac_seek_origin_current) ? SEEK_CUR : SEEK_SET) == 0;
}

static drflac_file drflac__open_file_handle(const char* filename)
{
    FILE* pFile;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    if (fopen_s(&pFile, filename, "rb") != 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
#else
    pFile = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (pFile == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
#endif

    return (drflac_file)pFile;
}

static void drflac__close_file_handle(drflac_file file)
{
    fclose((FILE*)file);
}
#else
#include <windows.h>

static size_t drflac__on_read_stdio(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    assert(bytesToRead < 0xFFFFFFFF);   // dr_flac will never request huge amounts of data at a time. This is a safe assertion.

    DWORD bytesRead;
    ReadFile((HANDLE)pUserData, bufferOut, (DWORD)bytesToRead, &bytesRead, NULL);

    return (size_t)bytesRead;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__on_seek_stdio(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    assert(offset > 0 || (offset == 0 && origin == drflac_seek_origin_start));

    return SetFilePointer((HANDLE)pUserData, offset, NULL, (origin == drflac_seek_origin_current) ? FILE_CURRENT : FILE_BEGIN) != INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER;
}

static drflac_file drflac__open_file_handle(const char* filename)
{
    HANDLE hFile = CreateFileA(filename, FILE_GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return (drflac_file)hFile;
}

static void drflac__close_file_handle(drflac_file file)
{
    CloseHandle((HANDLE)file);
}
#endif


drflac* drflac_open_file(const char* filename)
{
    drflac_file file = drflac__open_file_handle(filename);
    if (file == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open(drflac__on_read_stdio, drflac__on_seek_stdio, (void*)file);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        drflac__close_file_handle(file);
        return NULL;
    }

    return pFlac;
}

drflac* drflac_open_file_with_metadata(const char* filename, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData)
{
    drflac_file file = drflac__open_file_handle(filename);
    if (file == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open_with_metadata_private(drflac__on_read_stdio, drflac__on_seek_stdio, onMeta, (void*)file, pUserData);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        drflac__close_file_handle(file);
        return pFlac;
    }

    return pFlac;
}
#endif  //DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO

static size_t drflac__on_read_memory(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    drflac__memory_stream* memoryStream = (drflac__memory_stream*)pUserData;
    assert(memoryStream != NULL);
    assert(memoryStream->dataSize >= memoryStream->currentReadPos);

    size_t bytesRemaining = memoryStream->dataSize - memoryStream->currentReadPos;
    if (bytesToRead > bytesRemaining) {
        bytesToRead = bytesRemaining;
    }

    if (bytesToRead > 0) {
        memcpy(bufferOut, memoryStream->data + memoryStream->currentReadPos, bytesToRead);
        memoryStream->currentReadPos += bytesToRead;
    }

    return bytesToRead;
}

static dr_bool32 drflac__on_seek_memory(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    drflac__memory_stream* memoryStream = (drflac__memory_stream*)pUserData;
    assert(memoryStream != NULL);
    assert(offset > 0 || (offset == 0 && origin == drflac_seek_origin_start));

    if (origin == drflac_seek_origin_current) {
        if (memoryStream->currentReadPos + offset <= memoryStream->dataSize) {
            memoryStream->currentReadPos += offset;
        } else {
            memoryStream->currentReadPos = memoryStream->dataSize;  // Trying to seek too far forward.
        }
    } else {
        if ((uint32_t)offset <= memoryStream->dataSize) {
            memoryStream->currentReadPos = offset;
        } else {
            memoryStream->currentReadPos = memoryStream->dataSize;  // Trying to seek too far forward.
        }
    }

    return DR_TRUE;
}

drflac* drflac_open_memory(const void* data, size_t dataSize)
{
    drflac__memory_stream memoryStream;
    memoryStream.data = (const unsigned char*)data;
    memoryStream.dataSize = dataSize;
    memoryStream.currentReadPos = 0;
    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open(drflac__on_read_memory, drflac__on_seek_memory, &memoryStream);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    pFlac->memoryStream = memoryStream;

    // This is an awful hack...
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (pFlac->container == drflac_container_ogg)
    {
        drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)(((int32_t*)pFlac->pExtraData) + pFlac->maxBlockSize*pFlac->channels);
        oggbs->pUserData = &pFlac->memoryStream;
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        pFlac->bs.pUserData = &pFlac->memoryStream;
    }

    return pFlac;
}

drflac* drflac_open_memory_with_metadata(const void* data, size_t dataSize, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData)
{
    drflac__memory_stream memoryStream;
    memoryStream.data = (const unsigned char*)data;
    memoryStream.dataSize = dataSize;
    memoryStream.currentReadPos = 0;
    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open_with_metadata_private(drflac__on_read_memory, drflac__on_seek_memory, onMeta, &memoryStream, pUserData);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    pFlac->memoryStream = memoryStream;

    // This is an awful hack...
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (pFlac->container == drflac_container_ogg)
    {
        drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)(((int32_t*)pFlac->pExtraData) + pFlac->maxBlockSize*pFlac->channels);
        oggbs->pUserData = &pFlac->memoryStream;
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        pFlac->bs.pUserData = &pFlac->memoryStream;
    }

    return pFlac;
}



drflac* drflac_open(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData)
{
    return drflac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, NULL, pUserData, pUserData);
}

drflac* drflac_open_with_metadata(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData)
{
    return drflac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onMeta, pUserData, pUserData);
}

void drflac_close(drflac* pFlac)
{
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return;
    }

#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
    // If we opened the file with drflac_open_file() we will want to close the file handle. We can know whether or not drflac_open_file()
    // was used by looking at the callbacks.
    if (pFlac->bs.onRead == drflac__on_read_stdio) {
        drflac__close_file_handle((drflac_file)pFlac->bs.pUserData);
    }

#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    // Need to clean up Ogg streams a bit differently due to the way the bit streaming is chained.
    if (pFlac->container == drflac_container_ogg) {
        assert(pFlac->bs.onRead == drflac__on_read_ogg);
        drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)((int32_t*)pFlac->pExtraData + pFlac->maxBlockSize*pFlac->channels);
        if (oggbs->onRead == drflac__on_read_stdio) {
            drflac__close_file_handle((drflac_file)oggbs->pUserData);
        }
    }
#endif
#endif

    free(pFlac);
}

uint64_t drflac__read_s32__misaligned(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t samplesToRead, int32_t* bufferOut)
{
    unsigned int channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment);

    // We should never be calling this when the number of samples to read is >= the sample count.
    assert(samplesToRead < channelCount);
    assert(pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining > 0 && samplesToRead <= pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining);


    uint64_t samplesRead = 0;
    while (samplesToRead > 0)
    {
        uint64_t totalSamplesInFrame = pFlac->currentFrame.header.blockSize * channelCount;
        uint64_t samplesReadFromFrameSoFar = totalSamplesInFrame - pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining;
        unsigned int channelIndex = samplesReadFromFrameSoFar % channelCount;

        uint64_t nextSampleInFrame = samplesReadFromFrameSoFar / channelCount;

        int decodedSample = 0;
        switch (pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment)
        {
            case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE:
            {
                if (channelIndex == 0) {
                    decodedSample = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
                } else {
                    int side = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex + 0].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
                    int left = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex - 1].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
                    decodedSample = left - side;
                }

            } break;

            case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE:
            {
                if (channelIndex == 0) {
                    int side  = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex + 0].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
                    int right = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex + 1].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
                    decodedSample = side + right;
                } else {
                    decodedSample = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
                }

            } break;

            case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE:
            {
                int mid;
                int side;
                if (channelIndex == 0) {
                    mid  = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex + 0].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
                    side = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex + 1].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];

                    mid = (((unsigned int)mid) << 1) | (side & 0x01);
                    decodedSample = (mid + side) >> 1;
                } else {
                    mid  = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex - 1].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
                    side = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex + 0].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];

                    mid = (((unsigned int)mid) << 1) | (side & 0x01);
                    decodedSample = (mid - side) >> 1;
                }

            } break;

            case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_INDEPENDENT:
            default:
            {
                decodedSample = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex].pDecodedSamples[nextSampleInFrame];
            } break;
        }


        decodedSample <<= ((32 - pFlac->bitsPerSample) + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[channelIndex].wastedBitsPerSample);

        if (bufferOut) {
            *bufferOut++ = decodedSample;
        }

        samplesRead += 1;
        pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining -= 1;
        samplesToRead -= 1;
    }

    return samplesRead;
}

uint64_t drflac__seek_forward_by_samples(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t samplesToRead)
{
    uint64_t samplesRead = 0;
    while (samplesToRead > 0)
    {
        if (pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining == 0)
        {
            if (!drflac__read_and_decode_next_frame(pFlac)) {
                break;  // Couldn't read the next frame, so just break from the loop and return.
            }
        }
        else
        {
            samplesRead += 1;
            pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining -= 1;
            samplesToRead -= 1;
        }
    }

    return samplesRead;
}

uint64_t drflac_read_s32(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t samplesToRead, int32_t* bufferOut)
{
    // Note that <bufferOut> is allowed to be null, in which case this will be treated as something like a seek.
    if (pFlac == NULL || samplesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (bufferOut == NULL) {
        return drflac__seek_forward_by_samples(pFlac, samplesToRead);
    }


    uint64_t samplesRead = 0;
    while (samplesToRead > 0)
    {
        // If we've run out of samples in this frame, go to the next.
        if (pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining == 0)
        {
            if (!drflac__read_and_decode_next_frame(pFlac)) {
                break;  // Couldn't read the next frame, so just break from the loop and return.
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Here is where we grab the samples and interleave them.

            unsigned int channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment);
            uint64_t totalSamplesInFrame = pFlac->currentFrame.header.blockSize * channelCount;
            uint64_t samplesReadFromFrameSoFar = totalSamplesInFrame - pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining;

            int misalignedSampleCount = samplesReadFromFrameSoFar % channelCount;
            if (misalignedSampleCount > 0) {
                uint64_t misalignedSamplesRead = drflac__read_s32__misaligned(pFlac, misalignedSampleCount, bufferOut);
                samplesRead   += misalignedSamplesRead;
                samplesReadFromFrameSoFar += misalignedSamplesRead;
                bufferOut     += misalignedSamplesRead;
                samplesToRead -= misalignedSamplesRead;
            }


            uint64_t alignedSampleCountPerChannel = samplesToRead / channelCount;
            if (alignedSampleCountPerChannel > pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining / channelCount) {
                alignedSampleCountPerChannel = pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining / channelCount;
            }

            uint64_t firstAlignedSampleInFrame = samplesReadFromFrameSoFar / channelCount;
            unsigned int unusedBitsPerSample = 32 - pFlac->bitsPerSample;

            switch (pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment)
            {
                case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE:
                {
                    const int* pDecodedSamples0 = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[0].pDecodedSamples + firstAlignedSampleInFrame;
                    const int* pDecodedSamples1 = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[1].pDecodedSamples + firstAlignedSampleInFrame;

                    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < alignedSampleCountPerChannel; ++i) {
                        int left  = pDecodedSamples0[i];
                        int side  = pDecodedSamples1[i];
                        int right = left - side;

                        bufferOut[i*2+0] = left  << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
                        bufferOut[i*2+1] = right << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
                    }
                } break;

                case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE:
                {
                    const int* pDecodedSamples0 = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[0].pDecodedSamples + firstAlignedSampleInFrame;
                    const int* pDecodedSamples1 = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[1].pDecodedSamples + firstAlignedSampleInFrame;

                    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < alignedSampleCountPerChannel; ++i) {
                        int side  = pDecodedSamples0[i];
                        int right = pDecodedSamples1[i];
                        int left  = right + side;

                        bufferOut[i*2+0] = left  << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
                        bufferOut[i*2+1] = right << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
                    }
                } break;

                case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE:
                {
                    const int* pDecodedSamples0 = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[0].pDecodedSamples + firstAlignedSampleInFrame;
                    const int* pDecodedSamples1 = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[1].pDecodedSamples + firstAlignedSampleInFrame;

                    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < alignedSampleCountPerChannel; ++i) {
                        int side = pDecodedSamples1[i];
                        int mid  = (((uint32_t)pDecodedSamples0[i]) << 1) | (side & 0x01);

                        bufferOut[i*2+0] = ((mid + side) >> 1) << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
                        bufferOut[i*2+1] = ((mid - side) >> 1) << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
                    }
                } break;

                case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_INDEPENDENT:
                default:
                {
                    if (pFlac->currentFrame.header.channelAssignment == 1) // 1 = Stereo
                    {
                        // Stereo optimized inner loop unroll.
                        const int* pDecodedSamples0 = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[0].pDecodedSamples + firstAlignedSampleInFrame;
                        const int* pDecodedSamples1 = pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[1].pDecodedSamples + firstAlignedSampleInFrame;

                        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < alignedSampleCountPerChannel; ++i) {
                            bufferOut[i*2+0] = pDecodedSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
                            bufferOut[i*2+1] = pDecodedSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Generic interleaving.
                        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < alignedSampleCountPerChannel; ++i) {
                            for (unsigned int j = 0; j < channelCount; ++j) {
                                bufferOut[(i*channelCount)+j] = (pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[j].pDecodedSamples[firstAlignedSampleInFrame + i]) << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFrame.subframes[j].wastedBitsPerSample);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } break;
            }

            uint64_t alignedSamplesRead = alignedSampleCountPerChannel * channelCount;
            samplesRead   += alignedSamplesRead;
            samplesReadFromFrameSoFar += alignedSamplesRead;
            bufferOut     += alignedSamplesRead;
            samplesToRead -= alignedSamplesRead;
            pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining -= (unsigned int)alignedSamplesRead;



            // At this point we may still have some excess samples left to read.
            if (samplesToRead > 0 && pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining > 0)
            {
                uint64_t excessSamplesRead = 0;
                if (samplesToRead < pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining) {
                    excessSamplesRead = drflac__read_s32__misaligned(pFlac, samplesToRead, bufferOut);
                } else {
                    excessSamplesRead = drflac__read_s32__misaligned(pFlac, pFlac->currentFrame.samplesRemaining, bufferOut);
                }

                samplesRead   += excessSamplesRead;
                samplesReadFromFrameSoFar += excessSamplesRead;
                bufferOut     += excessSamplesRead;
                samplesToRead -= excessSamplesRead;
            }
        }
    }

    return samplesRead;
}

uint64_t drflac_read_s16(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t samplesToRead, int16_t* pBufferOut)
{
    // This reads samples in 2 passes and can probably be optimized.
    uint64_t samplesRead = 0;

    while (samplesToRead > 0) {
        int32_t samples32[4096];
        uint64_t samplesJustRead = drflac_read_s32(pFlac, samplesToRead > 4096 ? 4096 : samplesToRead, samples32);
        if (samplesJustRead == 0) {
            break;  // Reached the end.
        }

        // s32 -> s16
        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < samplesJustRead; ++i) {
            pBufferOut[i] = (int16_t)(samples32[i] >> 16);
        }

        samplesRead += samplesJustRead;
        samplesToRead -= samplesJustRead;
        pBufferOut += samplesJustRead;
    }

    return samplesRead;
}

dr_bool32 drflac_seek_to_sample(drflac* pFlac, uint64_t sampleIndex)
{
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return DR_FALSE;
    }

    if (sampleIndex == 0) {
        return drflac__seek_to_first_frame(pFlac);
    }

    // Clamp the sample to the end.
    if (sampleIndex >= pFlac->totalSampleCount) {
        sampleIndex  = pFlac->totalSampleCount - 1;
    }


    // Different techniques depending on encapsulation. Using the native FLAC seektable with Ogg encapsulation is a bit awkward so
    // we'll instead use Ogg's natural seeking facility.
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (pFlac->container == drflac_container_ogg)
    {
        return drflac_ogg__seek_to_sample(pFlac, sampleIndex);
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        // First try seeking via the seek table. If this fails, fall back to a brute force seek which is much slower.
        if (!drflac__seek_to_sample__seek_table(pFlac, sampleIndex)) {
            return drflac__seek_to_sample__brute_force(pFlac, sampleIndex);
        }
    }


    return DR_TRUE;
}



//// High Level APIs ////

int32_t* drflac__full_decode_and_close_s32(drflac* pFlac, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, uint64_t* totalSampleCountOut)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);

    int32_t* pSampleData = NULL;
    uint64_t totalSampleCount = pFlac->totalSampleCount;

    if (totalSampleCount == 0)
    {
        int32_t buffer[4096];

        size_t sampleDataBufferSize = sizeof(buffer);
        pSampleData = (int32_t*)malloc(sampleDataBufferSize);
        if (pSampleData == NULL) {
            goto on_error;
        }

        uint64_t samplesRead;
        while ((samplesRead = (uint64_t)drflac_read_s32(pFlac, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0]), buffer)) > 0)
        {
            if (((totalSampleCount + samplesRead) * sizeof(int32_t)) > sampleDataBufferSize) {
                sampleDataBufferSize *= 2;
                int32_t* pNewSampleData = (int32_t*)realloc(pSampleData, sampleDataBufferSize);
                if (pNewSampleData == NULL) {
                    free(pSampleData);
                    goto on_error;
                }

                pSampleData = pNewSampleData;
            }

            memcpy(pSampleData + totalSampleCount, buffer, (size_t)(samplesRead*sizeof(int32_t)));
            totalSampleCount += samplesRead;
        }

        // At this point everything should be decoded, but we just want to fill the unused part buffer with silence - need to
        // protect those ears from random noise!
        memset(pSampleData + totalSampleCount, 0, (size_t)(sampleDataBufferSize - totalSampleCount*sizeof(int32_t)));
    }
    else
    {
        uint64_t dataSize = totalSampleCount * sizeof(int32_t);
        if (dataSize > SIZE_MAX) {
            goto on_error;  // The decoded data is too big.
        }

        pSampleData = (int32_t*)malloc((size_t)dataSize);    // <-- Safe cast as per the check above.
        if (pSampleData == NULL) {
            goto on_error;
        }

        uint64_t samplesDecoded = drflac_read_s32(pFlac, pFlac->totalSampleCount, pSampleData);
        if (samplesDecoded != pFlac->totalSampleCount) {
            free(pSampleData);
            goto on_error;  // Something went wrong when decoding the FLAC stream.
        }
    }


    if (sampleRateOut) *sampleRateOut = pFlac->sampleRate;
    if (channelsOut) *channelsOut = pFlac->channels;
    if (totalSampleCountOut) *totalSampleCountOut = totalSampleCount;

    drflac_close(pFlac);
    return pSampleData;

on_error:
    drflac_close(pFlac);
    return NULL;
}

int16_t* drflac__full_decode_and_close_s16(drflac* pFlac, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, uint64_t* totalSampleCountOut)
{
    assert(pFlac != NULL);

    int16_t* pSampleData = NULL;
    uint64_t totalSampleCount = pFlac->totalSampleCount;

    if (totalSampleCount == 0)
    {
        int16_t buffer[4096];

        size_t sampleDataBufferSize = sizeof(buffer);
        pSampleData = (int16_t*)malloc(sampleDataBufferSize);
        if (pSampleData == NULL) {
            goto on_error;
        }

        uint64_t samplesRead;
        while ((samplesRead = (uint64_t)drflac_read_s16(pFlac, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0]), buffer)) > 0)
        {
            if (((totalSampleCount + samplesRead) * sizeof(int16_t)) > sampleDataBufferSize) {
                sampleDataBufferSize *= 2;
                int16_t* pNewSampleData = (int16_t*)realloc(pSampleData, sampleDataBufferSize);
                if (pNewSampleData == NULL) {
                    free(pSampleData);
                    goto on_error;
                }

                pSampleData = pNewSampleData;
            }

            memcpy(pSampleData + totalSampleCount, buffer, (size_t)(samplesRead*sizeof(int16_t)));
            totalSampleCount += samplesRead;
        }

        // At this point everything should be decoded, but we just want to fill the unused part buffer with silence - need to
        // protect those ears from random noise!
        memset(pSampleData + totalSampleCount, 0, (size_t)(sampleDataBufferSize - totalSampleCount*sizeof(int16_t)));
    }
    else
    {
        uint64_t dataSize = totalSampleCount * sizeof(int16_t);
        if (dataSize > SIZE_MAX) {
            goto on_error;  // The decoded data is too big.
        }

        pSampleData = (int16_t*)malloc((size_t)dataSize);    // <-- Safe cast as per the check above.
        if (pSampleData == NULL) {
            goto on_error;
        }

        uint64_t samplesDecoded = drflac_read_s16(pFlac, pFlac->totalSampleCount, pSampleData);
        if (samplesDecoded != pFlac->totalSampleCount) {
            free(pSampleData);
            goto on_error;  // Something went wrong when decoding the FLAC stream.
        }
    }


    if (sampleRateOut) *sampleRateOut = pFlac->sampleRate;
    if (channelsOut) *channelsOut = pFlac->channels;
    if (totalSampleCountOut) *totalSampleCountOut = totalSampleCount;

    drflac_close(pFlac);
    return pSampleData;

on_error:
    drflac_close(pFlac);
    return NULL;
}

int32_t* drflac_open_and_decode_s32(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount)
{
    // Safety.
    if (sampleRate) *sampleRate = 0;
    if (channels) *channels = 0;
    if (totalSampleCount) *totalSampleCount = 0;

    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open(onRead, onSeek, pUserData);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return drflac__full_decode_and_close_s32(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalSampleCount);
}

int16_t* drflac_open_and_decode_s16(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount)
{
    // Safety.
    if (sampleRate) *sampleRate = 0;
    if (channels) *channels = 0;
    if (totalSampleCount) *totalSampleCount = 0;

    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open(onRead, onSeek, pUserData);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return drflac__full_decode_and_close_s16(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalSampleCount);
}

#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
int32_t* drflac_open_and_decode_file_s32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount)
{
    if (sampleRate) *sampleRate = 0;
    if (channels) *channels = 0;
    if (totalSampleCount) *totalSampleCount = 0;

    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open_file(filename);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return drflac__full_decode_and_close_s32(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalSampleCount);
}

int16_t* drflac_open_and_decode_file_s16(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount)
{
    if (sampleRate) *sampleRate = 0;
    if (channels) *channels = 0;
    if (totalSampleCount) *totalSampleCount = 0;

    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open_file(filename);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return drflac__full_decode_and_close_s16(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalSampleCount);
}
#endif

int32_t* drflac_open_and_decode_memory_s32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount)
{
    if (sampleRate) *sampleRate = 0;
    if (channels) *channels = 0;
    if (totalSampleCount) *totalSampleCount = 0;

    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open_memory(data, dataSize);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return drflac__full_decode_and_close_s32(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalSampleCount);
}

int16_t* drflac_open_and_decode_memory_s16(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, uint64_t* totalSampleCount)
{
    if (sampleRate) *sampleRate = 0;
    if (channels) *channels = 0;
    if (totalSampleCount) *totalSampleCount = 0;

    drflac* pFlac = drflac_open_memory(data, dataSize);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return drflac__full_decode_and_close_s16(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalSampleCount);
}

void drflac_free(void* pSampleDataReturnedByOpenAndDecode)
{
    free(pSampleDataReturnedByOpenAndDecode);
}




void drflac_init_vorbis_comment_iterator(drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator* pIter, uint32_t commentCount, const char* pComments)
{
    if (pIter == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    pIter->countRemaining = commentCount;
    pIter->pRunningData   = pComments;
}

const char* drflac_next_vorbis_comment(drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator* pIter, uint32_t* pCommentLengthOut)
{
    // Safety.
    if (pCommentLengthOut) *pCommentLengthOut = 0;

    if (pIter == NULL || pIter->countRemaining == 0 || pIter->pRunningData == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    uint32_t length = drflac__le2host_32(*(uint32_t*)pIter->pRunningData);
    pIter->pRunningData += 4;

    const char* pComment = pIter->pRunningData;
    pIter->pRunningData += length;
    pIter->countRemaining -= 1;

    if (pCommentLengthOut) *pCommentLengthOut = length;
    return pComment;
}
#endif  //DR_FLAC_IMPLEMENTATION


// REVISION HISTORY
//
// v0.4c - 2016-12-26
//   - Add support for signed 16-bit integer PCM decoding.
//
// v0.4b - 2016-10-23
//   - A minor change to dr_bool8 and dr_bool32 types.
//
// v0.4a - 2016-10-11
//   - Rename drBool32 to dr_bool32 for styling consistency.
//
// v0.4 - 2016-09-29
//   - API/ABI CHANGE: Use fixed size 32-bit booleans instead of the built-in bool type.
//   - API CHANGE: Rename drflac_open_and_decode*() to drflac_open_and_decode*_s32()
//   - API CHANGE: Swap the order of "channels" and "sampleRate" parameters in drflac_open_and_decode*(). Rationale for this is to
//     keep it consistent with dr_audio.
//
// v0.3f - 2016-09-21
//   - Fix a warning with GCC.
//
// v0.3e - 2016-09-18
//   - Fixed a bug where GCC 4.3+ was not getting properly identified.
//   - Fixed a few typos.
//   - Changed date formats to ISO 8601 (YYYY-MM-DD).
//
// v0.3d - 2016-06-11
//   - Minor clean up.
//
// v0.3c - 2016-05-28
//   - Fixed compilation error.
//
// v0.3b - 2016-05-16
//   - Fixed Linux/GCC build.
//   - Updated documentation.
//
// v0.3a - 2016-05-15
//   - Minor fixes to documentation.
//
// v0.3 - 2016-05-11
//   - Optimizations. Now at about parity with the reference implementation on 32-bit builds.
//   - Lots of clean up.
//
// v0.2b - 2016-05-10
//   - Bug fixes.
//
// v0.2a - 2016-05-10
//   - Made drflac_open_and_decode() more robust.
//   - Removed an unused debugging variable
//
// v0.2 - 2016-05-09
//   - Added support for Ogg encapsulation.
//   - API CHANGE. Have the onSeek callback take a third argument which specifies whether or not the seek
//     should be relative to the start or the current position. Also changes the seeking rules such that
//     seeking offsets will never be negative.
//   - Have drflac_open_and_decode() fail gracefully if the stream has an unknown total sample count.
//
// v0.1b - 2016-05-07
//   - Properly close the file handle in drflac_open_file() and family when the decoder fails to initialize.
//   - Removed a stale comment.
//
// v0.1a - 2016-05-05
//   - Minor formatting changes.
//   - Fixed a warning on the GCC build.
//
// v0.1 - 2016-05-03
//   - Initial versioned release.


// TODO
// - Add support for initializing the decoder without a header STREAMINFO block.
// - Test CUESHEET metadata blocks.


/*
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